腰椎间盘膨隆的有限元分析

目的：了解椎间盘膨隆的力学机制。方法：建立腰椎三维有限元要模型,模拟腰椎推退行性改变的压损伤椎间盘盘位移情况。结果：在压力状态下,椎间盘膨出半径增大,椎间盘高度下降。结论：腰椎间盘膨隆是腰椎退行性改变的一利表现,与椎间盘突出症发生机制不同。     

纤维环膨隆在CT椎间盘造影图象上的表现

通过73例95个椎间盘的CAT椎间盘造影图像分析，作者认为纤维环膨隆绝大多数是向后方的膨隆，只有当椎间盘退变到相当严重程度时才有普遍超过椎体边缘均匀一致有膨隆。     

青少年颈痛患者颈椎失稳特点与生活习惯的相关性分析

目的:探讨青少年颈痛患者的颈椎失稳与生活习惯之间的关系。方法:收集青少年颈痛患者59例(颈痛组)及健康青少年17例(对照组)的基本信息和生活习惯,拍摄颈椎侧位及动力位X线片,分析颈椎失稳特点及颈椎失稳与生活习惯的相关性。结果:两组患者的年龄、身高、体重、体重指数基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义。生活习惯比较,颈痛组平均每天使用手机时间多于对照组,而对照组每天运动时间多于颈痛组。颈椎失稳测量结果,颈痛组失稳发生率大于对照组;在过屈位时,颈痛组在C_3-C_4,C_4-C_5,C_5-C_6之间的椎体角位移大于对照组;颈痛组自身C_4-C_5段过屈位角位移大于过伸位,C_6-C_7段过伸位角位移大于过屈位。颈痛组生活习惯与颈椎失稳的相关分析,C_4-C_5角位移值在过伸位与使用手机时间呈正相关(r=0.275,P=0.035),过屈位与使用手机时间呈显著正相关(r=0.577,P0.001),与每天运动时间呈负相关(r=-0.279,P=0.032)。C_5-C_6角位移在过屈位与每天运动时间呈负相关(r=-0.292,P=0.025),在过伸位角位移与每天使用电脑时间呈负相关(r=-0.262,P=0.045)。结论:青少年颈痛患者每天使用手机时间多于正常青少年,而运动时间少于正常青少年,且颈椎失稳出现率较高,以C_3-C_4,C_4-C_5,C_5-C_6节段为主。每天运动时间越长,C_4-C_5,C_5-C_6角位移测量值就越小;每天使用手机时间越长,C_4-C_5角位移测量值就越大。     

山羊新型颈椎间盘置换术后颈椎活动度

[目的]测量新型国产人工颈椎间盘假体在山羊颈椎的活动度。[方法]12只山羊随机分为3组,每组4只,包括羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)涂层的间盘假体组,非HA涂层的间盘假体组和假手术组。HA组和非HA组动物摘除C_3/4间盘并置入相应国产人工颈椎间盘假体,假手术组仅行手术显露,未处理椎间盘。动态测量颈椎整体活动度及置换节段活动度(range of motion,ROM)。[结果]术后动物实验中所有山羊均成活,无切口感染及瘫痪。随时间推移HA组和假手术组的C₂～C₅ROM和C_3/4ROM均无显著变化(P>0.05),而非HA组的C₂～C₅ROM和C_3/4ROM显著减少。术前及术后即刻三组间C₂～C₅ROM和C_3/4ROM的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后1和3个月时,HA组和假手术组的C₂～C₅     

先天性颈椎融合伴颈椎间盘突出症12例报告

本文报告１２例先天性颈椎融合伴颈椎间盘突出症，探讨了其发生机理，诊断和治疗方法。指出此种类型颈椎间盘突出与先天性颈椎融合有密切关系。当存在先天性颈椎融合时，未融合的节段活动增加，使椎间盘较早和较容易发生退行性改变而引起颈椎间盘突出症。ＭＲＩ对其明确诊断具有重要价值。本病以采用手术疗法为主，其中以颈前路减压术为首选。     

椎间盘源性颈痛的病理生理学机制

椎间盘源性颈痛是世界范围内一个重要公共卫生问题。疼痛的诊断主要依赖于患者的主观感觉,缺乏准确的实验室检查数据以及良好的临床诊断试验。目前,临床上对椎间盘源性颈痛的诊断往往依赖于医生有限的临床经验。本综述的目的是根据现有的文献,回顾椎间盘源性颈痛的病理生理学发病机制,通过整合现有的证据,希望促进医务工作者对该疾病有更加深入的认识,做出最合适的临床决策。     

颈椎体前外侧及椎间盘内封闭治疗肩周痛

颈椎体前外侧及椎间盘内封闭治疗肩周痛杜约立肩周痛是骨科常见病，但对部分肩部疼痛，而无明显肩部活动受限或颈椎病体征者，临床治疗效差。几年来，我们根据本症是颈椎病一种临床类型的理论，采用颈椎体前外侧及椎间盘内封疗，收到了较满意的疗效，报告如后。１临床资料...     

颈椎全人工椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎间盘突出症1例报告

颈前路减压植骨融合固定术是治疗颈椎间盘突出症及颈椎病的常用手术方式，它可以同时进行脊髓及神经根减压和重建颈椎稳定性。但颈椎间隙融合后，邻近节段的应力集中，易导致相邻节段的椎间盘加速退变，部分病例需要再次手术。，为此我们应用颈椎全人工椎间盘假体治疗颈椎间盘突出症1例．取得了初步疗效，现报告如下。     

颈椎人工椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎间盘疾患的早期临床观察

目的：探讨应用颈椎人工椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎间盘疾患的效果.方法：对45例颈椎间盘疾病患者（脊髓型颈椎病35例、神经根型颈椎病5例、急性颈椎间盘突出症5例）实施前路减压、Bryan人工椎间盘置换术.其中单节段置换35例,双节段9例,3节段1例.结果：所有患者随访1～12个月,平均8个月.脊髓型颈椎病患者术前JOA评分平均8.5分,术后平均15.5分,平均改善率为88%.神经根型颈椎病和急性颈椎间盘突出症患者的临床症状均消失.平均术后住院时间为4.8d（2～6d）,38例术后4周内恢复正常生活和工作,7例在术后2个月内恢复工作.所有病例未见假体移位及神经系统症状加重.有2例分别在术后3个月和11个月时出现假体周围骨桥形成无活动,其余43例在最终随访时各置换节段均保留了活动度.结论：应用Bryan人工椎间盘系统置换治疗颈椎间盘疾患早期效果良好.     

腰椎棘突偏斜与年轻患者腰椎间盘突出的相关性研究

目的：探讨腰椎棘突偏斜与年轻患者（<30岁）腰椎间盘突出之间的相关性。方法：对2015年3月至2022年1月收治的30例年轻腰椎间盘突出患者（年轻组）进行回顾性分析。同时筛选纳入中老年腰椎间盘突出患者（中老年组）和非退行性病变的年轻脊柱脊髓疾病患者（年轻非退变组）各30例作为对照组。在CT上测量目标棘突的偏斜角度,通过各类分组进行统计学分析。结果：年轻组病变节段的棘突偏斜角度为（3.89±3.77）°,中老年组病变节段的棘突偏斜角度为（3.72±2.98）°,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.851）。年轻非退变组棘突偏斜角度为（2.20±2.28）°,明显小于年轻组患者（P=0.040）。年轻组病变节段的上位椎体棘突的倾斜角度为（4.10±3.44）°,与中老年组的（3.47±2.87）°比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.447）。年轻组有19例患者病变节段和上位椎体棘突的倾斜方向相反,而中老年组仅有7例患者出现这种情况,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。年轻患者腰椎间盘突出方向与病变或者上位腰椎的棘突偏斜方向无明显关系（P>0.05）。结论：棘突偏斜可能是年轻人患腰椎间盘突出的危险因素。相邻腰椎棘突的偏斜方向相反是年轻患者的重要解剖特征,在此基础上会产生椎旁肌发育失衡,容易诱发腰椎间盘突出。椎间盘突出类型与病变椎体和上位椎体的棘突的偏斜方向无明显关联。有该解剖变异者可以通过合理锻炼,加强脊柱稳定性,预防腰椎间盘突出。     

Anterior discectomy and total disc replacement for three patients with multiple recurrent lumbar disc herniations

Background context

Although results of primary discectomy are generally excellent with relief of leg pain, recurrent lumbar disc herniation is relatively common ranging from 5% to 25%. Patients with recurrent herniation may undergo revision surgery; however, this carries with it increased risks and lower success rates. Many surgeons will advocate a fusion in addition to repeat discectomy after the third recurrent herniated disc. With the approval of lumbar total disc arthroplasty, there now exists another option for the patient with three or more recurrent disc herniations to preserve motion, theoretically decrease the rate of adjacent-level disease, and ameliorate the patient’s symptoms.

Purpose

The purpose of this case report is to describe our experience using total disc replacement (TDR) in three patients after prior partial hemilaminectomy and discectomy for the treatment of a third and fourth recurrent lumbar disc herniation.

Study design

This article is a report of three cases from a spine specialty center describing an alternative surgical technique for patients with multiple recurrent lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

Comprehensive chart review of three patients with recurrent lumbar herniation who underwent TDR.

Results

Anterior discectomy and TDR were undertaken, and at most recent follow-up (8–12 months), all patients had improvement of their visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index. No patient had postoperative complications or reoperation.

Conclusions

Recurrent disc herniation is a relatively common problem that may be difficult to treat. Traditionally, a patient presenting with three or more recurrent disc herniation may likely have undergone revision discectomy with fusion. The current case report suggests that TDR may be an alternative option in select patients.     

Relationship between low-back pain, muscle spasm and pressure pain thresholds in patients with lumbar disc herniation

It is not known whether or not muscle spasm of the back muscles presented in patients with sciatic scoliosis caused by lumbar disc herniation produces muscle pain and/or tenderness. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the lower back and low-back pain were examined in 52 patients (13 of 52 presenting sciatic scoliosis) with lumbar disc herniation who complained of radicular pain and in 15 normal subjects. PPTs were measured at five points bilaterally using an electronic pressure algometer. Low-back pain was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings. All patients complained of radicular leg pain and were divided into the following three groups according to the presence of and the region of low-back pain: no low-back pain group, low-back pain with no laterality group, and low-back pain dominantly on the herniation side group; the VAS rating on the side ipsilateral to the herniation side was higher than that on the contralateral side. In the normal subjects, there were no statistically significant differences between sides in mean PPTs at all sites examined. PPTs were not lower in the spasmodic side (concave side) than the convex side in patients with sciatic scoliosis. PPTs on the herniation side were significantly lower than those on the contralateral side in patients with low-back pain dominantly on the herniation side. Furthermore, the areas of low PPTs were beyond the innervation area of dorsal ramus of L5 and S1 nerve root. It was considered that not only the peripheral mechanisms but also the hyper excitability of the central nervous system might contribute in lowering PPTs of the lower back on the herniation side.     

The characteristics of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degenerative diseases

Purpose

A comparative study of the spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degeneration or herniation (LDD/LDH) in normal population was designed to analyse the role of sagittal anatomical parameter (pelvic incidence, PI) and positional parameters in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. Several comparative studies of these patients with asymptomatic controls have been done. However, in previous studies without lumbar MRI, a certain number of asymptomatic LDD patients should have been included in the control group and then impacted on the results.

Methods

Based on MRI findings, we divided 60 LDD or LDH patients and 110 asymptomatic volunteers into the normal group (NG) and the degeneration group (DG), which was further subdivided into the symptomatic (SDG) and asymptomatic (ADG) subgroups according to patients’ symptoms. Standing full spine radiographs were used to measure sagittal parameters, including PI, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and sacrum-bicoxofemoral distance (SFD).

Results

The PI, SS and LL in DG were significantly lower than NG, while the SVA and SFD were significantly greater (P < 0.05). PI correlated well with the SS and LL in all subjects. However, the trend lines of SS or LL over PI were downward in DG. PI was similar in SDG and ADG (P = 0.716) but SS and LL were significantly lower and SVA was significantly greater (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

PI may play a predisposing role in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc degenerative diseases. The secondary structural and compensatory factors would lead to a straighter spine after disc degenerative change.     

Microsurgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation: Follow-up of 237 patients

Summary We have reviewed retrospectively the results of 237 consecutive patients who underwent microsurgical discectomy for a virgin lumbar disc herniation. Included were 128 (54%) men and 109 (46%) women, with the mean age of 42 years. Intra-operatively, protrusion was found in 60 (25%) patients, prolapse in 127 (54%) patients and sequestration in 50 (21%) patients. The median post-operative follow-up time was 2 years.During the observation period, sciatic pain had completely recovered or markedly diminished in 218 (92%) patients, and 187 (79%) patients had returned to work. The mean duration of preoperative sciatica was 3.8 months in those patients who finally returned to work. In contrast, it was as long as 6.3 months in those patients who lost their working capacity as a consequence of low back pain. The patients operated on for a prolapse or a sequestrum recovered better than those who underwent surgery for a protrusion. Of the patients operated on for a protrusion, 68% returned to work, while 76% of those operated on for a sequestrum and 85% of those operated on for a prolapse returned to work during the follow-up. Difference was seen also in the occupational outcome: only 37% of the patients operated on for a protrusion reported to manage their work well, while 47% of those with a prolapse and 58% of those with a sequestrum managed well. Surgical complications were in-frequent in this study. Dural tear appeared in 10 (4%) patients and post-operative discitis in 4 (1.7%) patients. Of all patients, 9 (4%) required re-operation for a true recurrent disc.     

腰骶部移行椎与椎间盘突出症关系探讨

通过对２００例下腰痛患者及７８例经手术证实的腰椎间盘突出症的Ｘ线学调查，发现在下腰病和椎间盘突出症中腰椎部移行椎的发生率高，按Ｃａｓｔｅｌｌｖｉ分类，Ⅱ型最多，在有移行谁的椎间盘突出症中。７０％的椎间盘突出发生在移行椎的上一间隙，脊柱侧弯也明显多于无移行椎的对照组，髂嵴间线的高度在Ⅱ型中倾向较低．我们认为腰骶部移行椎从多方面影响脊柱的稳定。是引起下腰痛和椎间盘突出的一个因素。     

腰椎不稳定与腰椎间盘退变程度的相关性分析

目的：探讨腰椎不稳定与腰椎间盘退变程度的相关性。方法：随机选择100例腰腿痛病人,根据第一病人的腰椎功能位X线片和腰椎MRI图片,确定椎间盘的退变程度及有无节段不稳,并分析二者间关系。结果：L3－S1共有36个节段不稳,占12％;腰椎不稳29例,占病人总数的29％,L4／5、L3／4、L5／S1的不稳定发生率分别为22％、10％和4％;腰椎不稳与病人年龄分组呈现密切正相关,腰椎不稳与单节段退变及总退变度密切正相关,结论：腰椎不稳与椎间盘退变和蔼密切相关,但并非严重退变一定会发生节段不稳。     

Sagittal spinal alignment in patients with lumbar disc herniation

A retrospective cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate total sagittal spinal alignment in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and healthy subjects. Abnormal sagittal spinal alignment could cause persistent low back pain in lumbar disease. Previous studies analyzed sciatic scoliotic list in patients with lumbar disc herniation; but there is little or no information on the relationship between sagittal alignment and subjective findings. The study subjects were 61 LDH patients and 60 age-matched healthy subjects. Preoperative and 6-month postoperatively lateral whole-spine standing radiographs were assessed for the distance between C7 plumb line and posterior superior corner on the top margin of S1 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordotic angle between the top margin of the first lumbar vertebra and first sacral vertebra (L1S1), pelvic tilting angle (PA), and pelvic morphologic angle (PRS1). Subjective symptoms were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score for lower back pain (nine points). The mean SVA value of the LDH group (32.7 ± 46.5 mm, ± SD) was significantly larger than that of the control (2.5 ± 17.1 mm), while L1S1 was smaller (36.7 ± 14.5°) and PA was larger (25.1 ± 9.0°) in LDH than control group (49.0 ± 10.0° and 18.2 ± 6.0°, respectively). At 6 months after surgery, the malalignment recovered to almost the same level as the control group. SVA correlated with the subjective symptoms measured by the JOA score. Sagittal spinal alignment in LDH exhibits more anterior translation of the C7 plumb line, less lumbar lordosis, and a more vertical sacrum. Measurements of these spinal parameters allowed assessment of the pathophysiology of LDH.     

腰椎间盘突出症患者下腰椎终板矢状面形态特征

目的:观察腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)患者下腰椎(L3～S1)终板矢状面形态特征。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月～2017年7月就诊我院的腰椎间盘突出症患者和无明确腰椎疾病的志愿者。共纳入LDH患者141例,其中男61例,女80例,年龄61.6±10.1岁(41～79岁),身体质量指数(BMI)为26.3±3.4(18.3～33.2)。对照组纳入志愿者109例,其中男47名,女62名,年龄55.4±12.2岁(40～87岁), BMI为25.3±3.6 (17.6～32.5)。在腰椎CT正中矢状面重建图像上测量LDH患者椎间盘突出节段的终板形态和志愿者腰椎L3下终板至S1上终板的终板形态学参数,包括终板屈曲深度(ECD)、矢状面屈曲角(SCA)和终板屈曲顶点位置(ECA);相应节段椎间盘退变程度在MRI上通过Pfirrmann分级进行评估。应用t检验比较LDH组与对照组终板矢状面形态学参数;选择L4/5和L5/S1两节段中相同退变程度(PfirrmannⅢ级,PfirrmannⅣ级)的椎间盘,比较LDH组患者和对照组志愿者的终板矢状面形态。将LDH组患者和对照组志愿者终板数据合并后按照椎间盘退变程度分组(PfirrmannⅡ级～PfirrmannⅤ级),应用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较不同退变程度椎间盘终板形态参数的组间差异。结果:LDH组各节段终板ECD均显著低于对照组(L4上终板P=0.016,其余终板P0.01),SCA均显著大于对照组(P0.01);除L3下终板外(P=0.014),所有节段终板ECA的组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。L4/5和L5/S1节段中PfirrmannⅢ级和Ⅳ级椎间盘终板,相同节段和退变分级的组间比较结果显示,LDH组终板ECD显著小于对照组(P0.05),SCA显著大于对照组(P0.05),ECA未出现组间显著性差异(P0.05)。不同退变程度椎间盘终板形态参数组间比较显示,随着椎间盘退变进展,各节段ECD降低(P0.01),SCA增大(P0.01),ECA未出现一致的组间变化趋势。结论:LDH患者相比对照组志愿者,其下腰椎终板矢状面屈曲程度较低,退变程度较高的椎间盘其终板屈曲程度较小。     

腰椎间盘突出症与腰椎骨密度的相关性研究

目的 研究腰椎间盘突出症(lambar disc herniation,LDH)与骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)的相关性,探讨腰椎间盘突出症对骨密度的影响.方法 选取腰椎间盘突出症组患者82例,对照组健康体检人群41例,利用定量CT(quantitative computed tomography,QCT)测定其骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),分析比较两组的骨密度值.并对腰椎间盘突出症组患者病程:≤1年与＞1年,腹肌肌力≤3级与≥4级骨密度值变化进行比较分析.结果 腰椎间盘突出症组患者的骨密度值较对照组低,骨量减少者在腰椎间盘突出症组中的构成比较对照组高,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).其病程、腹肌肌力对腰椎间盘突出症组患者骨密度值变化的影响无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 腰椎间盘突出症对骨密度有一定的影响,但两者的关系不显著,腰椎间盘突出症并非骨质疏松的独立影响因素.