托烷司琼复合氟哌利多预防腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的探讨托烷司琼复合氟哌利多对腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的预防效果。方法160例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）及妇科腹腔镜手术病人,年龄18—60岁,随机分为A组（氟哌利多组）、B组（托烷司琼组）、C组（托烷司琼＋氟哌利多组）、D组（对照组）;观察围术期病人生命体征及24h内PONV发生情况及严重程度。结果A、B、C组恶心及呕吐发生率明显低于D组（P〈0．05）,与A组和B组比较,C组的恶心及呕吐发生率明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论预注托烷司琼联合小剂量氟哌利多可较好地预防腹腔镜手术麻醉后PONV的发生,比单独使用时效果更好。     

多模式镇吐措施对剖宫产术产妇围生期恶心、呕吐的防治作用

目的 探讨多模式镇吐措施对蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉下剖宫产术产妇围生期恶心、呕吐的影响。方法 选择从2014年8月～2015年8月于笔者医院进行剖宫产手术的150例产妇,产妇年龄25.6±4.8岁,体重65.5±9.5kg,美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。按照随机数字表法将所有产妇分为两组：多模式镇吐组（M组）和对照组（C组）,每组75例。两组产妇均静脉注射利多卡因0.1mg/kg以预防注射痛。M组产妇于蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉前5min静脉注射地塞米松10mg和托烷司琼2mg,于结扎脐带后静脉注射丙泊酚0.5～1.0mg/kg,术毕给予托烷司琼2mg及帕瑞昔布钠40mg。C组产妇于蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉前5min及结扎脐带后均给予等剂量生理盐水,术毕给予昂丹司琼4mg及等剂量生理盐水。记录两组产妇术中恶心、呕吐（IONV）和术后24h内恶心、呕吐（PONV）的发生率,并观察药物相关的不良反应发生情况。比较两组产妇术后24h内视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）及患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）泵按压次数。结果 与C组比较,M组产妇未发生IONV或PONV例数升高（P<0.05）,而恶心、呕吐及使用镇吐药例数均降低（P<0.05）。M组产妇恶心、呕吐程度低于C组（P<0.05）。M组产妇术后24h内的VAS及PCIA泵按压次数均低于C组（P<0.05）。两组产妇均未发生药物相关的不良反应。结论 多模式镇吐措施可明显降低蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉下剖宫产术产妇围生期恶心、呕吐的发生率,且安全性较高。     

静脉泵注右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因切口浸润在小儿腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的 观察右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因切口浸润在小儿腹腔镜手术中的应用效果。方法 选取2017年1月—2018年1月安徽医科大学附属安庆医院行腹腔镜手术患儿120例,采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C 3组,每组40例。A组为对照组,关闭气腹前静脉推注芬太尼1.0 μg/kg;B组术毕用0.25%罗哌卡因浸润切口;C组麻醉诱导前静脉泵注右美托咪定0.4 μg/kg,术毕用0.25%罗哌卡因浸润切口。记录3组患儿术中麻醉药物的用量,苏醒期躁动发生率,麻醉后恢复室（PACU）停留时间,以及术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、48 h NRS评分、围术期并发症的发生率、住院时间、家长满意度。结果 与A、B两组比较,C组患儿苏醒期躁动发生率明显降低,家长满意度明显提高（P <0.05）;与A组比较,B、C两组术后4 h、8 h、12 h NRS评分降低（P <0.05）;3组患儿PACU停留时间、住院时间及围术期并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 静脉输注右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因切口浸润可降低小儿腹腔镜术后苏醒期躁动发生率,减轻患儿术后疼痛,提高家长满意度。     

地塞米松与氟哌利多防治妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐

目的:观察地塞米松与氟哌利多联合用于防治妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐(PONV)效果.方法:60例患者随机分为二组,各30例.实验组术前5min静脉予5mg地塞米松并于手术结束时静脉予0.025mg/kg氟哌利多,对照组同时点给予生理盐水.观察术后24h PONV评分.结果:二组相比24h内PONV评分具有统计学意义.结论:联合应用小剂量氟哌利多和地塞米松能提高预防PONV的效果,且安全,性价比高.     

小剂量地塞米松复合氟哌利多对妇科腔镜术后恶心呕吐的防治

目的 观察分析小剂量地塞米松复合氟哌利多对妇科腔镜术后恶心呕吐(PONV)防治中的作用、优势.方法 选择经Apfle评分法评定PONV的发生率大于或等于39%、行妇腔镜手术的患者120例.随机分成小剂量地塞米松复合氟哌利多组、氟哌利多组和对照组,每组40例.记录麻醉时间、气腹时间及芬太尼的用量.记录3组术后4h及4～24h PONV(Ⅲ～Ⅳ)的发生率.结果 小剂量地塞米松复合氟哌利多组与氟哌利多组及对照组相比PONV(Ⅲ～Ⅳ)的发生率显著降低(P<0.01).3组麻醉时间、气腹时间、芬太尼用量相比差异无统计学意义.结论 小剂量地塞米松和氟哌利多联合应用能显著降低PONV的发生,无锥体外系反应,且具有较高效价比.     

超声引导下罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定和地塞米松IBPB在关节镜下肩部手术中的应用研究

目的 探讨超声引导下罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定和地塞米松斜角肌间隙臂神经丛阻滞（IBPB）在关节镜下肩部手术中的应用价值。方法 选取白银市第一人民医院102例拟行超声引导下IBPB关节镜下肩部手术患者,按照随机数字表法分为A、B、C 3组,每组34例。A组采用0.375%罗哌卡因30 ml阻滞,B组采用0.375%罗哌卡因+1.0 μg/kg右美托咪定30 ml阻滞,C组采用0.375%罗哌卡因+1.0 μg/kg右美托咪定+10 mg地塞米松30 ml阻滞。比较3组感觉阻滞、运动阻滞效果,以及疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和并发症。结果 3组感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞完善时间、运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞持续时间比较,C组短于B组和A组（P <0.05）,B组短于A组（P <0.05）;3组感觉阻滞评分比较,C组低于B组和A组（P <0.05）,B组低于A组（P <0.05）。3组术后3 h、6 h VAS评分比较,C组低于B 组和A组（P <0.05）,B组低于A组（P <0.05）;3组追加舒芬太尼比例比较,C组低于B组和A组（P <0.05）,B组低于A组（P <0.05）;C组并发症发生率低于B 组和A组（P <0.05）。结论 超声引导下右美托咪定和地塞米松可提高罗哌卡因IBPB效果,不良反应少。     

地塞米松复合氟哌利多预防腹腔镜妇科手术后恶心、呕吐的疗效观察

目的:针对地塞米松复合氟哌利多预防腹腔镜妇科手术后恶心、呕吐(PONV)的疗效观察。方法:ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级80例妇科手术患者随机分为4个观察组。A组单独静脉注射地塞米松10 mg;B组单独静脉注射氟哌利多2 mg;C组氟哌利多2 mg复合地塞米松10 mg;D组不给予任何止吐药。每组20例,观察术后24 h发生PONV的例数与严重程度,同时观察其不良反应。结果:A组、B组、C组与对照组D组相比较P<0.05。结论:麻醉诱导前给予氟哌利多复合地塞米松可以很大程度地预防腹腔镜妇科手术后恶心、呕吐的发生。     

不同干预措施预防腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术术后恶心呕吐的效果研究

目的对比分析不同干预措施预防腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的临床效果。方法选择拟行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的患者210例为观察对象,随机分为3组,每组70例。A组:麻醉诱导前10 min静脉注射生理盐水10 m L;B组:麻醉诱导前10 min静脉注射托烷司琼2 mg+地塞米松10 mg+氟哌利多2 mg;C组:麻醉诱导前10 min静脉注射托烷司琼2 mg+地塞米松10 mg,手术结束时静脉注射氟哌利多2 mg。观察患者术后24 h内PONV的发生情况。结果 3组患者术后24 h内PONV发生率分别为:A组55.7%(39/70)、B组17.1%(12/70)、C组5.7%(4/70)。B、C组PONV发生率明显低于A组(P0.01),且PONV的严重程度明显低于A组(P0.05);C组PONV发生率明显低于B组(P0.05)。结论麻醉诱导前10 min静脉注射托烷司琼2 mg+地塞米松10 mg,且手术结束时静脉注射氟哌利多2 mg能显著降低腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术后PONV的发生率。     

小剂量氟哌利多预防腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术后恶心呕吐的效果评价

目的：评价小剂量氟哌利多预防腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的效果。方法：90例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜下胆囊切除患者,随机分成恩丹西酮4mg组（对照组）,氟哌利多10μg/kg组（实验组）,每组45例。观察术后24h内各组患者恶心呕吐的发生率情况。结果：氟哌利多组和恩丹西酮组术后24h内恶心发生率分别是26.7%和31.1%,呕吐发生率是20.0%和15.6%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。24h内两组均未观察到焦虑、锥体外系反应、Q-T间期延长等副反应的发生。结论：小剂量氟哌利多预防PONV和恩丹西酮一样有效。     

托烷司琼预防妇科术后镇痛恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的：观察托烷司琼在不同方式给药时预防妇科手术后静脉镇痛（PCIA）恶心呕吐（PONV）的临床效果。方法：硬膜外麻醉下妇科手术患者行PCIA,90例患者分为3组,每组30例,A组术前给予托烷司琼,B组将托烷司琼加入镇痛泵中持续注入,C组镇痛泵中加入氟哌利多。观察术后24 h发生恶心、呕吐等不良反应情况。结果：PONV发生率A、B两组低于C组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。B组PONV发生率与A组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：妇科手术后PCIA预防恶心、呕吐时,使用托烷司琼效果明显好于氟哌利多,术前用药和术后用药均有很好的疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.