智力障碍小家系中致病基因的研究

目的 研究一个智力发育障碍家系中的致病基因突变.方法 染色体核型G显带方法分析先证者染色体核型,用全基因组外显子测序的方法探究致病基因,并在先证者家系中用Sanger测序法进行验证.结果 G显带核型分析未显示先证者染色体核型的数目和结构异常.全基因组外显子测序的方法共从先证者外显子基因中鉴别出1 455个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)和187个indels,结合家系信息筛选出X染色体上ARHGAP4基因突变与智力障碍表型相关,Sanger测序法验证结果一致,符合孟德尔家系遗传.结论 X染色体上ARHGAP4的C2822T突变位点可能与家系中的智力障碍疾病表型相关.     

一个非综合征型耳聋家系新致病基因变异分析

目的 对一个非综合征型耳聋(NSHL)家系进行致病基因分析,明确其致病变异.方法 采集先证者及其家系成员的外周血标本,应用全外显子测序(WES)技术对先证者及其父母、二姐共4名成员进行测序分析,并通过Sanger测序对所有家系成员进行一代验证,确定该家系的致病基因,利用细胞学实验检测基因的致病性.结果 测序结果显示,该...     

家族性良性慢性天疱疮一家系及ATP2C1基因突变分析

目的 报道家族性良性慢性天疱疮一家系,并对ATP2C1基因突变进行分析。方法 收集家族性良性慢性天疱疮家系成员的一般资料,进行临床调查,绘制家系图谱。采用PCR及Sanger直接测序法对该家系中4例患者的ATP2C1基因进行检测,并以该家系3例健康者和100例无亲缘关系的正常人作为对照。结果 4例家族性良性慢性天疱疮患者ATP2C1基因的第21号外显子的第472位核苷酸由G变为A,该突变导致原先158位的天冬氨酸变为天冬酰胺（p.Asp158Asn）的错义突变。而家系中健康对照及无亲缘关系的正常人均未发现该突变。结论 ATP2C1基因的第21号外显子的第472位核苷酸由G变为A是ATP2C1基因新的突变位点,可能是家族性良性慢性天疱疮家系发病的主要原因。     

两个多发性内分泌腺瘤病2A型家系RET基因突变研究

目的总结2个多发性内分泌腺瘤病2A（MEN2A）型家系的临床特点,及MEN2A家系RET基因突变类型。方法对2个MEN2A家系进行临床调查,分析其临床特点。提取2个家系成员外周血基因组DNA,扩增先证者RET原癌基因的外显子10、11,13—16,并行Sanger测序,测得突变所在的外显子后,将其亲属相应外显子的扩增产物进行测序。结果家系1的先证者及其哥哥的10q11．2外显子11（密码子634）RET原癌基因发生点突变：Cys643Trp。家系2的先证者其兄长存在10q11。2外显子11（密码子634）RET原癌基因发生点突变：Cys643Arg,筛查出1个家系成员为基因突变携带者。结论RET原癌基因第11外显子Cys643Trp杂合突变及Cys634Arg杂合突变,均为MEN2A的致病基因．此2个家系患者虽然突变类型不同,但两家系患者在起病方式、发病年龄及临床表现均相似。基因检测是诊断MEN2A的有效方法。     

一个马凡综合征家系FBN1基因突变筛查

目的通过对临床上符合马凡氏综合征(MFS)临床诊断的患者进行分析并提供客观实验室依据,并对MFS患者家系进行FBN1基因突变筛查,希望发现这个家族的致病基因突变和基因突变位点,并探寻该家系的分子发病机制。方法收集MFS患者资料,绘制家系图谱,签署知情同意书后分别采取家系成员中与先证者有血缘关系的人群的外周静脉血血样,提取基因组DNA,进行全外显子测序,再采用Sanger测序法验证。结果通过基因突变筛查,发现该家系中患者的FBN1基因第58个内含子(序列NM-00138.4)出现一个新的7204+1GA的碱基杂合替换,该突变为剪接突变可能引起剪接位点改变。结论发现的FBN1基因第58个内含子(序列NM-00138.4)的剪接突变是该马凡氏综合征家系成员的患病原因。     

卵泡蛋白基因的移码突变导致BHD综合征家系的多发性肺囊肿

目的 Birt-Hogg-Dubé综合征(BHD)是一种常染色体显性遗传病，由卵泡蛋白(FLCN)基因突变引起，其特征以多发肺囊肿、皮肤纤维滤泡瘤和肾肿瘤为表现。方法 我们对此家系进行了外显子组测序以确定先证者的致病基因变异，并进行了Sanger测序，以验证先证者和其家系成员的致病突变。同时采用Sanger测序验证了408例与该病无关的汉族健康对照组的突变。结果 外显子组测序和Sanger测序分析显示在所有发病的家庭成员中，均存在移码突变(c.1579＿1580invA,p.Arg527Glnfs68*)。蛋白印迹检测和免疫组化检测结果显示，该突变导致FLCN蛋白水平显著下降。结论 FLCN基因(c.1579＿1580invA,p.Arg527Glnfs68*)中的一个移码突变存在于一个仅以多个肺囊肿为表现的BHD综合征家系中；证实了该突变在BHD综合征家系中的致病性。     

GJA8基因错义突变致先天性白内障一家系遗传分析

  目的  通过使用外显子测序定位分析一先天性白内障家系中GJA8基因致病错义突变。  方法  对2020年6月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院就诊的一个先天性白内障家系全体成员进行详细的临床眼科检查及全身查体。采集先证者及6个亲属外周血并提取基因组DNA,应用全外显子测序筛查可疑致病基因,使用生物信息工具对可疑基因突变进行致病性分析,并对家系全部成员进行Sanger测序验证候选致病突变。  结果  外显子测序及生物信息学分析显示GJA8基因存在一个错义突变c.593G > A,p.R198Q,导致其第198位氨基酸残基由谷氨酰胺取代了原有的脯氨酸。氨基酸保守性分析显示该突变影响的氨基酸在物种间高度保守。在家系全部受检者中进行的Sanger测序结果表明该突变与疾病表型共分离,可以认定该突变是该突变为该家系的致病性突变,系谱分析显示该突变所致先天性白内障呈现常染色体显性遗传。  结论  位于GJA8基因的错义突变c.593G > A,p.R198Q是导致该家系出现先天性白内障的遗传病因,遗传方式为常染色体显性遗传。     

Ⅳ型胶原α5链基因突变致奥尔波特综合征两家系遗传学分析

目的: 分析奥尔波特（Alport）综合征的遗传学特征。方法: 对原因不明的反复尿检异常的2名先证者进行基于高通量测序技术的全外显子组测序,通过基因突变的致病性、孟德尔遗传规律和临床表型的综合分析,筛选出致病的基因突变,最后通过Sanger测序在家系成员中验证基因突变。结果: 两个家系中分别鉴定出COL4A5基因上的2个杂合性剪接位点突变：c.2147-2A > T（IVS27）和c.646-2A > G（IVS11）（NM_033380）,且这2个杂合突变分别与2个家系的患病成员呈现共分离关联。结论: Alport综合征主要通过女性直系患者遗传,临床上可以通过有效的遗传咨询进行产前诊断。     

蒙古族并指一家系临床特点及其HOXD13基因突变检测

目的: 探讨先天性并指畸形一大家系的临床特点及其致病基因突变分析,为该类疾病的产前诊断以及携带者筛查提供依据。方法: 通过家系调查,对家系患者进行临床表型分析并进行手和脚部X光检查;绘制系谱图,整理分析家系资料;采集家系成员外周血并提取基因组DNA;通过外显子测序方法筛选候选基因,将捕获的候选基因突变位点进行PCR扩增后Sanger测序验证分析。结果: 该家系已传4代,并指患者共9例,其中男4例,女5例,Ⅰ2、Ⅱ4、Ⅲ5,7,10等5例患者为单侧并指,Ⅲ16和Ⅳ3,6,7等4例患者为双侧手指并指,脚趾均为正常。先证者及其家系患者均为HOXD13基因的第二外显子917位点发生G>A的突变,导致306位氨基酸从精氨酸到谷氨酰胺的改变,即c.917G＞A（P.R306Q）。家系正常成员均无此突变。结论: 该先天性并指家系属于常染色体显性方式遗传,HOXD13,c.917G＞A（p.R306Q）基因突变位点是该并指家系的致病突变。该家系Ⅲ12成员表型正常但致病基因携带者,表明该家系存在不完全外显特点。     

中国早发2型糖尿病家系MODY 1-5基因测定

 【目的】 通过对早发2型糖尿病家系先证者进行直接测序,寻找中国人群中可能存在的青少年的成人发病型糖尿病(MODY) 1-5基因突变｡【方法】 对19个早发2型糖尿病家系的先证者进行MODY 1-5基因扩增和DNA直接测序｡【结果】 19个先证者未发现MODY基因突变,但发现MODY 1-5基因分别存在6､5､15､1､1种多态性｡【结论】 MODY相关基因突变具有种族异质性,MODY 1-5基因突变不是该19个早发糖尿病家系的致病因素｡     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.