Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy and cricohyoidopexy for glottic and supraglottic carcinomas

OBJECTIVES: To review the patients operated in our department with supracricoid partial laryngectomy with either cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) (59 cases) or cricohyoidopexy (CHP) (10 cases) technique, for primary or recurrent glottosupraglottic squamous cell carcinoma and compare the technique with other surgical or conservative approaches for treatment of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS: From hospital charts, we retrospectively reviewed 69 patients who had undergone supracricoid partial laryngectomy with the CHEP or CHP technique between 1983 and 1996 for primary or recurrent glottosupraglottic squamous cell carcinoma in our department. Statistical evaluation of oncological and functional results were conducted. Results were compared with other surgical and conservative treatment for glottosupraglottic carcinoma of the larynx that were published previously in the literature. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients had CHEP or CHP for glottosupraglottic carcinoma of the larynx. Thirteen percent of the patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Minimum follow-up was 2 years or until death. Five-year actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier method) was 68%. Global local control was achieved in 84% of cases. Among previously untreated patients (n = 54), local control rate was 94.5%. After 1 year, 92.7% of patients achieved normal swallowing and respiration. Salvage total laryngectomy had to be performed in four patients (5.7%) for persistent aspiration and in five patients (7.2%), who were previously treated with radiotherapy, for local recurrence. No permanent tracheostomy or gastrostomy was required. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with supracricoid partial laryngectomy with either CHP or CHEP suggests that this technique is a valuable alternative to radiotherapy for T2-T4 glottosupraglottic carcinomas, particularly those with extension and invasion of the anterior commissure. It allows for preservation of a good laryngeal function without altering the long-term survival, keeping total laryngectomy as a salvage procedure.     

纤维喉镜检查对喉次全切除咽环吻合术后新喉口的整复作用

为寻求喉次全切除咽环吻合术后，喉的呼吸、吞咽、发声功能恢复的相关因素，对５７例喉次全切除咽环吻合术后不同时期的患者进行１１５次纤维喉镜检查，经摄像拍照对比观察，发现凡新喉口前后径或左右径为７ｍｍ以上，双侧人工披裂占新喉口后缘约１／５范围，梨状窝形态正常的患者均可顺利拔除气管套管，发音虽沙哑、但清晰响亮可懂度好，且无吞咽困难。过多保留喉粘膜，易形成新喉口活瓣样阻塞造成拔管困难；而保留太少，易致误吸、影响发音。纤维喉镜检查对拔管困难的患者，在新喉口修整术的适应证及手术范围方面有一定指导意义，能提高拔管率、完善喉次全切除术后咽环吻合。     

喉癌患者喉部分切除术后的嗓音声学分析

目的 探讨喉癌患者喉部分切除术术式、喉功能重建方法与术后嗓音质量的关系。方法 采用Dr．Speech嗓音分析软件，对116例不同术式喉部分切除术患者分别于术后1、2年进行发声功能测试，对测得的基频微扰（jitter）、振幅微扰（shimmer）、标准化噪声能量（NNE）进行比较分析，判断受试者嗓音质量。结果 所测得的声学参数jitter、shimmer、NNE值，以喉声门上水平部分切除术组最低，嗓音质量相对最好（P〈0．01）；喉次全切除术组最高，嗓音质量相对最差（P〈0．01）。声带切除术组和声带癌激光切除术组与其它各组比较，其差异均有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05或0．01），但这两组间比较，差异无统计学意义。各组术后嗓音质量效果从好到差依次为：喉声门上水平部分切除术组、声带切除术组、声带癌激光切除术组、喉垂直部分切除术组、喉额侧部分切除术组、喉次全切除术组。结论 喉癌患者喉部分切除术后，发声功能的恢复与手术方式及重建方法密切相关，其中，喉声门上水平部分切除术组术后嗓音质量相对最佳，喉次全切除术组术后相对最差。     

喉功能保留外科相关的喉功能解剖

目的 了解喉功能的解剖学基础,为喉癌、下咽癌手术保留喉功能提供解剖依据.方法 对4例成年男性尸体喉部的环杓关节相关肌肉、神经及血管进行解剖观察,根据肌肉的起止点与肌纤维方向分析各肌肉的作用.结果 甲杓肌位于喉腔内,环杓后肌、环杓侧肌、杓横肌及杓斜肌位于喉软骨支架的后外周面;在相关肌肉的作用下,以环杓关节面为核心,杓状软骨可以完成旋转与滑动运动;环杓后肌与环杓侧肌可以开大、缩小声门,对保证正常的喉功能有更重要的作用;喉返神经于气管食管沟内自下而上支配环杓后肌、环杓侧肌、杓横机、杓斜肌及甲杓肌等肌肉;喉下动脉自甲状腺下动脉发出后走行于环杓后肌的背侧,供血于环杓关节相关组织.结论 一侧完整的环杓关节及功能正常的环杓后肌与环杓侧肌是保留喉功能喉部分切除术的最基本条件.     

Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy After Failed Laryngeal Radiation Therapy

Twelve patients managed with supracricoid partial laryngectomies(SCPLs) after failed laryngeal radiation therapy (RT) were evaluated. None of the recurrent tumors were amenable to vertical or horizontal partial laryngectomy. Results were analyzed for tracheostomy decannulation, oral alimentation, morbidity, local control, and survival. Major complications included perichondritis (2 patients), laryngeal stenosis (2 patients), and pneumonia from aspiration (1 patient). Mucocutaneous fistula and cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis were not encountered. Margins of resection were uninvolved in all cases. The Kaplan-Meier 3-year actuarial survival and local control estimate was 83.3%. Salvage total laryngectomy allowed for an overall 100% local control rate and a 75% laryngeal preservation rate. This preliminary report suggests that, in patients with failed laryngeal RT not amenable to vertical or horizontal partial laryngectomy, the SCPL procedures should be discussed before advocating salvage total laryngectomy. Further series analyzing the role and limitations of the various SCPL procedures after failed laryngeal RT are warranted.     

Relationship Between Preepiglottic Space Invasion and Lymphatic Metastasis in Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy With Cricohyoidopexy

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the role of preepiglottic space (PES) invasion in lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients undergoing supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidopexy (CHP).

Methods

A retrospective review of 42 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx that underwent surgery was performed. The mean age of the subjects was 61.3 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 38:4. Regarding their pathological stages, there were 3, 8, 22, and 9 cases of stage T1 to T4, respectively. Concerning the disease stage of the cervical lymph nodes, there were 30, 5, 6, and 1 cases with N0 to N3, respectively.

Results

The PES invasion rate was 23.8% (10/42). Significant correlations were found between PES invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis (P=0.002). Seven of the 10 patients (70.0%) with PES invasion had cervical lymph node metastasis, whereas only 5 of the 32 patients (15.6%) without any evidence of PES invasion had lymph node metastasis. There was also a significant correlation of PES invasion with age (P=0.002) and T stage (P=0.030). However, there was no significant relationship between gender, primary tumor site, anterior commissure invasion, subglottic extension, paraglottic space invasion and PES invasion. There was a 5-year disease-specific survival of 70%. PES invasion served as a statistically significant prognostic factor for disease-specific survival (P=0.004). Cervical nodal metastasis (P=0.003) and subglottic extension (P=0.01) were also statistically significant prognostic factors associated with disease-specific survival.

Conclusion

The PES invasion was significantly related to the cervical lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients undergoing SCPL with CHP.     

Partial laryngeal surgery in recurrent carcinoma

With the growing acceptance of nonsurgical therapies for laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), it has become important to delineate surgical salvage strategies for disease recurrences. Total laryngectomy is often recommended, but appropriately selected laryngeal recurrences may be treated successfully with partial laryngeal surgery: laryngeal function can be preserved with oncological efficacy. The main available studies dealing with partial laryngeal surgery in recurrent carcinoma were critically reviewed. The most appealing feature of salvage transoral laser surgery (TLS) is the opportunity to make tumor-tailored excisions without any reconstructive limitations and retaining the option to switch to open partial laryngectomy. A recent detailed review of 11 series found a pooled local control rate of 57% after a first TLS procedure. Supracricoid laryngectomy (SCL) seems to achieve good local control rates in selected cases of recurrent supraglottic-glottic carcinoma: one review considering seven series calculated that 85% of the patients treated with salvage SCL after radiotherapy experienced no local recurrence; and total laryngectomy after failure of salvage SCL afforded an overall local control rate of 65%. Neck dissection is mandatory in all cases of local LSCC recurrence with evidence of neck metastases, and routine elective neck dissection is recommended for recurrent supraglottic and transglottic cancers.     

环上部分喉切除在声门型喉癌治疗中的疗效观察

目的：探讨环上部分喉切除对声门型喉癌患者治疗以及功能保全意义。方法回顾分析我科2008年～2013年接受环上部分喉切除的14例声门型喉癌患者的治疗结果。其中9例接受环舌会厌吻合,5例接受环舌吻合。结果随访1～5年,无失访,无死亡病例,局部控制率100%。术后拔管率100%。结论环上部分喉切除术是对声门型喉癌喉功能保全有积极意义治疗。     

水平垂直部分喉切除术的临床观察

目的观察水平垂直部分喉切除术的治疗效果。方法总结2000～2006年采用水平垂直部分喉切除术治疗的36例喉癌患者,分析其生存率和喉功能保留情况。结果本组病例3年生存率80.6%,5年生存率为78.8%。死亡病例中除失访3例外;另外7例死亡病例中,死于局部复发2例、死于颈部淋巴结转移2例、死于肺转移1例、死于大出血1例、死于骨转移1例。本组患者均保留了发音功能,35例患者拔管,拔管率为97.2%,经过功能训练,患者均可经口进食。结论在严格掌握适应证的情况下,水平垂直部分喉切除术能够在保留喉功能的同时根治肿瘤。     

环状软骨上部分喉切除及功能重建术疗效观察

目的探讨环状软骨上部分喉切除及功能重建术的适应证及疗效.方法回顾性研究1997年～2001年期间施行环状软骨上部分切除及功能重建术治疗的17例喉声门癌患者资料. 结果 17例患者均于术后7～16天拔除气管套管,平均11天;术后8～18天拔除鼻饲管,平均15天,拔管率100%.全部病例术后恢复了喉的三大功能.术后3年17例患者均存活,其中5年以上无瘤生存者11例. 结论该术式能在切除癌肿的同时更加有效地恢复喉功能,改善生存质量.     

Partial Frontolateral Laryngectomy With Epiglottic Reconstruction for Management of Early‐Stage Glottic Carcinoma

Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate that partial frontolateral laryngectomy with epiglottic reconstruction (PFLER) is an effective therapeutic option for treatment of T1 and T2 glottic carcinoma. Study Design Retrospective study. Methods Between 1982 and 1997, we treated 127 cases of early glottic carcinoma with PFLER. Early glottic carcinoma was staged using the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer TNM classification as either T1N0M0 (62 cases) or T2N0M0 (65 cases). Selection criteria, depending on the limits of exeresis, must remain glottic carcinoma with less than 0.5 cm of anterior subglottic involvement, with no involvement of the supraglottic space or laryngeal side of the epiglottis, with involvement of only one arytenoid, and with good mobility of both arytenoids even if vocal cord mobility is decreased. Results Postoperative recovery was uneventful in all cases, and all patients but one were able to breath and eat normally. The failure involved a patient with a permanent gastrostomy. As with other partial laryngectomy techniques, the main drawback of PFLER was deterioration of voice quality. All patients presented hoarseness and weakness of the voice. Five‐year survival rates calculated according to the Kaplan‐Meier method were 91% (standard error, 5%) in the T1N0M0 group and 86% (standard error, 5%) in the T2N0M0 group. No recurrence was observed in the T1N0M0 group. Local control was successful in 92% in the T2N0M0 group after a median follow‐up of 5 years. Conclusion These findings show that PFLER is an effective therapeutic option in selected cases of early T1N0M0 or T2N0M0 glottic carcinoma.     

Sexual Problems After Total or Partial Laryngectomy

Objectives: To investigate sexual problems that can occur after laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer surgery and to specify possible influencing factors. Study Design: Multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study. Methods: Two hundred six patients were interviewed in person using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire, Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ‐H&N35), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a structured interview assessing alcohol and tobacco consumption, sociodemographic data, and specific sexual problems. Type of surgery, tumor site, and tumor stage were documented according to the participants' medical records. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the independent impact of each factor. Results: More than half of the patients in our study reported having reduced libido and sexual enjoyment after treatment. Sixty percent considered it an important issue for their contentment with life. Sexual difficulties were found to be unrelated with gender, formal education, alcohol and tobacco consumption, type of surgery (partial vs. total laryngectomy), radiotherapy, and tumor site. Psychological distress (F = 46.27, P < .001) was seen to have a strong independent impact on the occurrence of sexual difficulties and stage of disease (F = 4.50, P < .05) and age (F = 4.79, P < .05), a moderate independent impact. Conclusions: Reduced libido and sexual enjoyment is a common problem after laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer surgery. However, it is not caused by the oncological treatment but rather by the cancer itself. Depression is often associated with sexual problems. Both should be discussed in medical consultations with head and neck cancer patients when appropriate to provide adequate treatment.     

喉次全切除会厌及胸舌骨肌筋膜瓣喉发声及呼吸功能重建

目的 探讨会厌及胸舌骨肌筋膜瓣在喉次全切除喉发声及呼吸功能重建术中的应用价值。方法 对7例T3N0M0声门型喉癌患者进行喉次全切除术，以会厌及胸舌骨肌筋膜瓣重建喉功能。结果 患者均于术后10-12天拔除气管套管及鼻饲管恢复正常饮食，无明显进食呛咳；均恢复正常语言交流，未出现喉腔狭窄和发声失败者。结论 喉次全切除后会厌及胸舌骨肌筋膜瓣是重建喉发声及呼吸功能较为理想的方法。     

环上喉次全切除喉功能重建41例的疗效分析

目的 :探讨环上喉次全切除喉重建术的治疗效果和喉功能重建效果。方法 :回顾性分析 4 1例接受该术式的T2 ～T4期喉鳞癌患者的临床资料。其中声门型 35例 ,声门上型 6例 ;行环舌会厌固定术 2 3例 ,环舌固定术 18例。结果 :3年生存率 83.3% (30 / 36 ) ,5年生存率 71.4 % (2 0 / 2 8) ;拔管率为 92 .7% (38/ 4 1)。 1例因误吸严重而行咽气管分离术 ,余 4 0例均恢复了正常吞咽。全部患者均能利用新喉发音。结论 :环上喉次全切除喉功能重建术既能彻底切除肿瘤 ,又能恢复喉的三大基本功能 ,是中、晚期喉癌治疗的有效方法之一。