银川市社区老年人医养结合服务需求及影响因素研究

目的:了解银川市社区老年人医养结合服务需求及影响因素,为银川市更好地开展医养结合服务提供一定的参考依据。方法:采用便利抽样法,于2019年1至2019年3月选择银川市3个社区卫生站120例符合纳入排除标准的社区老年人为研究对象,采用《社区老年人医养结合服务需求调查问卷》进行问卷调查。结果:社区老年人医养结合服务需求率为92.7%。多元线性回归结果显示影响社区老年人医养结合服务需求的因素包括婚姻状态、居住状况、家庭月收入、患慢性病情况、半年就诊次数和医养结合知晓度等。结论:银川市社区老年人医养结合需求较高,其中社会福利类需求最高。建议社区卫生机构以社区老年人医养结合服务需求为导向,更好地开展社区老年人医养结合工作。     

独居与非独居老年人居家照护未满足需求的比较研究

目的 对比北京市城市社区独居与非独居老年人居家照护需求未满足状况以及服务购买意愿方面的差异,为制订有针对性的居家养老服务对策提供参考。 方法 于2017年2月—8月采用便利抽样的方法对北京市的5 457名居家老年人进行问卷调查,采用倾向性评分匹配的方法将独居老年人与非独居老年人进行1：1匹配后,比较两者居家照护未满足需求及服务购买意愿的差异。 结果 经倾向性评分匹配后,共1 072名居家老年人（独居/非独居老年人各536名）纳入比较分析,结果显示,独居老年人的躯体性日常生活照护未满足需求比例（17.4%）、工具性日常生活照护未满足需求比例（21.9%）、疾病管理未满足需求比例（42.6%）及社会支持未满足需求比例（33.2%）高于非独居老年人,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;愿意购买照护服务的老年人中,独居老年人在健康指导（65.5%）、上门服务（58.3%）、紧急救援（61.9%）和家政服务（63.2%）4个项目上的购买意愿比非独居老年人更为强烈（P<0.05）。 结论 与非独居老年人相比,独居老年人居家照护未满足需求和服务购买意愿集中于日常生活照护、疾病与健康管理、安全照护及社会支持方面。要针对独居老年人的居家照护未满足需求制订有针对性的居家照护策略,从而有效降低独居老年人居家照护的未满足需求比例,提高其健康水平和生活质量。     

石河子市老年人健康状况和护理需求现状调查

目的了解新疆石河子市老年人的健康状况及护理服务需求,为老年人的健康保健及医疗服务提供参考依据。方法采用自制问卷对500名社区老年人的一般人口学资料、健康状况、个人健康行为和护理服务需求等进行调查。结果老年人慢性病患病率为72．60％,其中46．60％的老年人患有2种及以上的慢性病;近2周患病率为49．40％;前10位慢性病依次为高血压、冠心病、风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、骨质增生、慢性支气管炎、胆道疾病、脑梗塞、胃肠疾病、前列腺疾病。老年人中有吸烟史者占28．20％,有饮酒史者占18．20％;62．80％的老年人从未体检;老年人所需的保健知识依次为安全用药、慢性病、饮食指导、传染病和常见病等;老年人急需的卫生服务项目：建立健康档案（47．80％）、定期体检（46．60％）、健康指导（43．80％）、社区紧急救护（37．40％）。结论社区老年人慢性病患病率高,针对社区老年人的健康状况和护理服务需求,开展健康教育及社区卫生服务,提高社区老年人的健康水平和生活质量。     

海南琼海农村老年人生活质量调查

目的 了解海南农村老年人生活质量现状。方法 随机抽取中原镇60岁以上常住人口253人进行入户逐人调查。结果 96．0％的老年人具有日常生活活动能力（ADL量表评定）,77．5％的老年人具有独立生活能力（IADL量表评定）;健康自评,32．0％的老年人良好,50．8％中等,17．2％差;70．75％的老年人有慢性病史,居前5位的是白内障、高血压、慢性支气管炎、骨关节病、贫血;对医疗服务满意程度调查发现,满意占41．0％,一般占52．4％,不满意占6．6％;75．1％的老年人认为医疗费太贵;生活满意度综合评分发现良好者20．2％,中等占63．8％,差占16．0％。结论 农村老年人的卫生服务需求量较大,社区卫生服务应以老年人为重点对象,以慢性病为工作重点,坚持以预防为主、防治结合的方针。     

医养结合背景下居家养老护理服务需求调查

目的了解社区居家养老老人对护理服务的需求情况,为开展针对性护理提供依据。方法采用自行编制的调查问卷于2018年8月对上海市徐汇区康健街道的750名居家老人进行现场问卷调查。调查内容包括:老人一般资料以及对医养结合相关政策知晓程度、对健康及护理服务的需求和满意度情况。结果被调查的750名社区老人的平均年龄为(72.62±8.17)岁,87.5%具有初中及以上文化程度,59.1%的老人缺乏照护人员,74.1%的老人患有一种及以上慢性病,79.4%的老人不知晓医养结合,92.1%的老人对提供居家护理服务项目所知甚少。护理需求中排序前3位的是输液(52.5%)、抽血检验(42.2%)和疼痛护理(9.9%),83.0%的接受过相关服务的老人对目前居家养老护理服务感到满意。结论目前居家养老的老人年龄偏大、合并的慢性疾病多,且缺乏照护人员,对居家养老护理服务需求高。今后需针对居家老年人的需求,建立健全的居家养老护理服务模式,以满足其医疗健康服务需求。     

湖南省农村老年人社区护理需求调查分析

目的了解湖南农村老年人的健康状况、保健意识及对社区护理的需求状况,探讨社区护理在湖南农村的开展形式,分析社区护理和农村合作医疗相结合的可行性。方法采用自行设计的问卷,对湖南省993户家庭进行调查,从中抽取205份65岁以上老年人填写的问卷进行统计学分析,内容包括人口学资料、健康状况、保健意识、社区护理需求。结果60.5%的老年人患有各种慢性病,退行性骨关节病居首位(23.9%),患1种慢性病以上的比例为26.6%;老年人的生活环境和医疗条件有所改善,49.2%的家庭中备有常备药,当老年人身体不适时找医生和自己找药吃的高达84.9%,53.7%的老年人觉得有必要做体检,但仍存在明显的不良卫生习惯;老年人对社区护理各项需求相差不大,在60%左右;农村老年人选择最多的就医场所是私人诊所(45.8%)和乡卫生院(36.5%)。结论湖南农村老年人患病率高,有一定的保健意识,对社区护理的需求迫切;可以利用农村合作医疗现有的资源,使社区护理模式向农村延伸,以进一步满足农村老年人的卫生服务需求。     

军队离退休干部健康状况和卫生保健需求的调查与分析

目的探讨离退休老干部健康状况和卫生保健需求。方法采用问卷调查法对老干部的卫生保健需求进行调查分析,依据2005年军队离退休老干部健康查体资料数据,探讨老干部的健康状况。结果被调查的1100名老干部中,无慢性疾病者占4.2%,患1种慢性疾病者占9.8%,患2种及以上慢性疾病者占86.0%;生活自理能力方面,完全自理者占51.6%,部分自理者占39.1%,不能自理者占9.3%;有卫生保健需求(康复治疗、健康认知)者占86.0%,其中,有12.0%的老干部有降低医疗费用的需求。结论老干部的健康状况值得关注;加强医院外健康教育的延续性、广泛性及完善、适宜的老干部健康社区管理和社区整体服务体系,是提高老干部生活质量的关键。     

开展老年门诊特色服务探讨

全面了解老年门诊患者特点,分析老年患者就诊特殊需求;并遵循生理、心理、社会医学模式,融人文关怀于护理服务中,倡导微笑服务,关怀病体,开展心理疏导,健康宣教及增值服务,努力改善就诊环境为老年门诊患者提供人性化、个性化的优质特色护理服务,构建和谐护患关系,提高老年患者生活质量和生命质量。     

芬兰老年护理发展经验对我国的启示与建议

人口老龄化现已成为一个世界性问题。健康老龄化观点的提出,使老年人的医疗预防保健工作对老年护理的可持续发展问题提出了更高要求。芬兰老年护理的政策、制度、人员培养及服务颇具特色,文章介绍了笔者在芬兰交流学习期间对芬兰老年护理工作的见闻与体会,分别从芬兰的养老保障制度、老年护理服务、老年护理人员培养等方面介绍芬兰老年护理概况,并结合我国老年护理工作的现状提出建议,从医疗保障体系、卫生保健工作、老年护理教育等进行思考,对发展和完善我国老年护理体系具有一定的借鉴和启迪。     

Services for maintaining independence

Providing a range of health-related services may be necessary for some elderly to remain in independent living environments. Wellness Centers can identify those at risk for disease, promote self-care techniques, and assess the need for other health services. Entrepreneural nurses have the opportunity to seek out congregate housing sites with large aging populations to create ways of promoting healthy lifestyles and a higher quality of life for older persons. A holistic approach to health care helps the elderly to manage chronic disease, maintain high levels of functioning, and promote self-responsibility.     

深圳市社区老年人家庭护理供需调查及其影响因素分析

目的调查分析深圳市社区老年人家庭护理服务供需现状及影响因素。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷随机对深圳市6个社区216名老年人和78家社区健康服务中心进行调查,了解老年人家庭护理服务的供需现状及相关影响因素。结果84％老年人对家庭护理有需求,接受过家庭护理服务者占38．1％。32项家庭护理需求项目中,居前6位的需求项目依次是血压监测、血糖监测、健康咨询、照顾者指导、心理护理、服药指导。78家社区健康服务中心有48家提供家庭上门服务,开展家庭护理服务的中心有44．0％提供10个以上项目,67．0％的中心提供5个以上项目,17．0％提供2个以下项目,30家不提供家庭上门服务。影响社区家庭护理服务开展的主要原因是护理人员配置不足、风险系数大、医疗环境及设施受限。结论老年人对家庭护理服务有较大需求,社区健康中心提供的家庭护理服务相对滞后,家庭护理服务供不应求,当务之急是增加社区护理人员数量,建立和完善社区家庭护理行业规范,促进家庭护理的稳定发展。     

深圳市社区老年人家庭护理供需调查及其影响因素分析

目的 调查分析深圳市社区老年人家庭护理服务供需现状及影响因素.方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷随机对深圳市6个社区216名老年人和78家社区健康服务中心进行调查,了解老年人家庭护理服务的供需现状及相关影响因素.结果 84%老年人对家庭护理有需求,接受过家庭护理服务者占38.1%.32项家庭护理需求项目中,居前6位的需求项目依次是血压监测、血糖监测、健康咨询、照顾者指导、心理护理、服药指导.78家社区健康服务中心有48家提供家庭上门服务,开展家庭护理服务的中心有44.0%提供10个以上项目,67.0%的中心提供5个以上项目,17.0%提供2个以下项目,30家不提供家庭上门服务.影响社区家庭护理服务开展的主要原因是护理人员配置不足、风险系数大、医疗环境及设施受限.结论 老年人对家庭护理服务有较大需求,社区健康中心提供的家庭护理服务相对滞后,家庭护理服务供不应求,当务之急是增加社区护理人员数量,建立和完善社区家庭护理行业规范,促进家庭护理的稳定发展.     

Options for The Aged

At present, there are few alternatives to institutional care for our aging citizens, because nearly all efforts to help the elderly have been directed toward the institutional setting. Supporting services for those older persons who could continue living at home are either inadequate or nonexistent in most communities. Because of these gaps in services, many older people are forced to seek institutional care, which proves to be damaging to the recipient and costly to the community. The elderly require a broad range of services which would permit them to continue living independently in the community with dignity and security.     

HIV infection in women. Implications for nursing practice.

Much remains to be explained regarding women with HIV infection or AIDS. Interest in determining whether the natural history of the disease or the clinical manifestations are gender specific is leading to more research focused on women. The female roles of childbearer and caretaker evoke ethical issues that are unique to this epidemic and that can impact on the development and delivery of health care services. Women at the greatest risk for HIV disease are not likely to form coalitions to advocate for services, research dollars, and education. They need advocates and assistance in becoming united to advocate for themselves. Nurses have a critical role in the provision of services to women with HIV disease. As educators, direct service providers, and administrators, nurses contribute to the development of services that are holistic and family centered. As advocates, nurses can ensure that women are accurately and well informed about the disease and the resources available to them. Because AIDS no longer affects only those persons living in large metropolitan areas, it is imperative that all nurses become experts in the care of women with AIDS and advocates for a better outcome.     

The health status and needs of community elderly living alone

The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics, physical health status, mental health status, social supports, health needs, and social services utilization among community elderly living alone. The relationship between demographic data, mental health status, and social supports for the community elderly living alone was also examined. A cross sectional survey was conducted. Five hundred and twenty community elderly living alone were selected by systematic random sampling from Taipei City. A total of 320 subjects aged 65 and over completed the face to face interview. A structured questionnaire developed by the authors was used to collect the data. The contents of the questionnaire included demographic data, life style, physical health status, mental health status, social supports, social services utilization and health needs. The results showed that most of the subjects were male, aged 65-74, with religion and satisfied with life and economic status. Most of the subjects had more than one chronic disease. The most frequently reported diagnosis was arthritis, followed by hypertension and osteoporosis. The self-reported physical, mental health status and social supports among the majority of subjects were good. Financially subsidized medical services, free health examination and home visits by public health nurses were the most frequently used services. The most imperative health needs among the community elderly living alone were medical services, financial subsidy and arrangement of the leisure activity setting. The associated factors of mental health status and social supports were explored and discussed. The results of this study could be used to develop comprehensive health services and health education programs for the community elderly living alone.     

济南市老年人医养护一体化社区居家养老健康服务需求的质性研究

目的 了解济南市老年人医养护一体化社区居家养老健康服务需求,为构建以需求为导向的社区居家养老体系提供理论依据。方法 采用最大差异抽样法抽取15名老年人进行访谈,采用 Colaizzi 现象学分析法进行分析。结果 根据访谈资料最终归纳为8个主题,对养老的态度和养老方式的选择、对医养护一体化的态度和看法、对专业医疗和护理服务的需求、生活照料需求、健康管理需求、精神文化需求、中医养生需求、政府政策支持需求。结论 老年人医养护一体化社区居家养老健康服务需求强烈,发展医养护一体化养老服务,能够满足社区老年人健康养老需求。     

Chronic medical illness, depression, and use of acute medical services among Medicare beneficiaries

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the relation of comorbid depressive syndrome with utilization of emergency department services and preventable inpatient hospitalizations among elderly individuals with chronic medical conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Individuals greater than or equal to 65 years of age living in the United States with Medicare part A and B fee-for-service coverage in 1999. SUBJECTS: A 5% random sample of elderly Medicare recipients (N = 1,238,895) of whom 60,382 (4.9%) met criteria for a depressive syndrome. MEASUREMENTS: Medicare beneficiaries were stratified based on the presence of at least 1 of the following medical conditions: coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, hypertension, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, or colon cancer. For each stratum, we compared the odds of emergency department visits, all-cause hospitalization, and hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC), conditions for which timely and effective medical care could decrease risk of hospitalization, for beneficiaries with and without a depressive syndrome. RESULTS: Compared with those without a depressive syndrome, beneficiaries with a depressive syndrome were more likely to be older, white, and female (P <0.001). For each of the 8 chronic medical conditions, elderly beneficiaries with a depressive syndrome were at least twice as likely to use emergency department services (range of adjusted odds ratios, 2.12-3.16; P <0.001); medical inpatient hospital services (range of adjusted odds ratios, 2.59-3.71; P <0.001); and medical inpatient hospital services associated with an ACSC (range of adjusted odds ratios, 1.72-2.68; P <0.001) as compared with those without a depressive syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: For elderly individuals with at least 1 chronic medical condition, the presence of a depressive syndrome increased the odds of acute medical service use, suggesting that improvements in clinical management, access to mental health services, and coordination of medical and mental health services could reduce utilization.     

社区护理服务需求研究

目的：拓展社区护理服务的内容,寻找社区护理服务潜在需求,为研究社区护理未来的发展方向,制定相关政策和计划提供参考依据。方法：采用问卷调查方法对护理人员和社区居民进行社区卫生服务需求等相关内容的调查。结果：①社区居民对健康教育、疾病康复、慢性病随访、家庭卫生服务（居家护理）、连续治疗等存在比较大的需求;②护理人员对未来社区护理服务的潜在需求,倾向于慢性病护理、老年护理和居家护理。结论：社区健康教育的内容应以健康咨询、健康指导、用药指导为重点内容,社区护理服务应该加大对慢性病病人的随访和连续治疗的护理服务和家庭康复的护理服务。同时,应加强我国社区老年护理的模式的研究,适应我国人口老龄化的需要。