糖化血红蛋白控制理想的2型糖尿病视网膜病变与血糖波动的关系

目的 动态血糖监测（CGM）评估血糖波动,探讨糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）<7.0%的2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变（DR）与血糖波动的关系。方法 选择2014年5月至2018年1月在合肥市第二人民医院内分泌科住院的168例HbA1c<7.0%的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,根据DR病变程度,将108例无DR的患者纳为NDR组,60例DR患者纳为DR组。对受试者进行连续72 h的CGM,计算平均血糖（MBG）、血糖水平标准差（SDBG）、有效波动平均幅度（MAGE）,同时检测HbAlc、血压、体质指数,评估HbA1c控制理想的2型糖尿病视网膜病变与血糖波动之间的相关性。结果 DR组患者病程（8.33±0.82）年、收缩压（138.20±11.84）mmHg、舒张压（86.53±8.57）mmHg、SDBG（2.73±0.54）、MAGE（3.98±0.70）mmol/L,均高于NDR组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示,病程、MAGE是2型糖尿病患者发生DR的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 HbAlc<7.0%的2型糖尿病患者DR与糖尿病病程、血糖波动及血压有关。     

眼前段生物测量值与2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变程度的相关性研究

目的 探讨眼前段生物测量值与2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者视网膜病变程度的相关性。方法 选取2019年3月—2021年3月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的T2DM患者156例,根据糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）程度,将其分为无糖尿病性视网膜病变（NDR）组（51例）、非增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变（NPDR）组（54例）、增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变（PDR）组（51例）。比较各组患者眼前段生物测量值;采用Spearman法分析角膜厚度、前房深度、眼轴长度与DR程度的相关性;比较不同程度DR患者的一般资料;采用Logistic回归分析PDR的影响因素。结果 与NDR组比较,NPDR组和PDR组球镜屈光度增大,角膜厚度增厚,前房深度变浅,眼轴长度缩短（P <0.05）;与NPDR组比较,PDR组角膜厚度增厚、前房深度变浅、眼轴长度缩短（P <0.05）;但NPDR组、PDR组球镜屈光度比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,角膜厚度与DR程度呈正相关（r_s =0.882,P =0.000）;前房深度、眼轴长度与DR程度呈负相关（r_s =-0.921和-0.886,均P =0.000）。与NPDR组比较,PDR组T2DM病程延长,糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）占比及尿微量白蛋白（mALB）水平升高（P <0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,T2DM病程长［O^R=6.404（95% CI：3.358,9.451）］、DPN占比高［O^R=2.591（95% CI：1.153,4.029）］、mALB水平高［O^R=3.353（95% CI：2.365,4.342）］、角膜厚度厚［O^R=3.200（95% CI：2.086,4.313）］、前房深度浅［O^R=0.384（95% CI：0.124,0.645）］、眼轴长度短［O^R=0.408（95% CI：0.245,0.571）］是PDR的危险因素（P <0.05）。结论 角膜厚度、前房深度、眼轴长度与DR程度有相关性,且角膜厚度厚、前房深度浅、眼轴长度短是PDR的危险因素。     

血清Midkine、TBIL水平联合检测对糖尿病视网膜病变患者诊断效能的影响

目的 探讨血清中期因子（MK）、总胆红素（TBIL）联合检测对糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的诊断效能,明确其在DR诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集2014年7月~2016年12月在笔者医院就诊的215例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的临床资料,其中糖尿病无视网膜病变（NDR）79例,非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）81例,增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）55例;另选取同期健康体检者70例作为对照组。检测4组人群血清MK、TBIL表达水平,并对各项指标与DR的关系进行Person相关分析和Logistic回归分析,同时对Midkine、TBIL在DR中的诊断效能进行评估。结果 4组研究对象血清MK、TBIL表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中MK水平在正常对照组、NDR组、NPDR组、PDR组患者中依次升高,而TBIL水平在各组中依次下降。MK与DR发生呈正相关（r=0.779,P=0.005）,TBIL与DR发生呈负相关（r=-0.657,P=0.012）;且两者均是DR发生的独立影响因素（OR=2.257、0.681,P<0.05）;MK与TBIL联合检测诊断DR的敏感度明显高于各指标单独检测（P<0.05）。结论 血清MK和TBIL表达水平均与DR的发生及疾病严重程度密切相关,其联合检测对DR具有较高的诊断效能。     

结直肠息肉与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性研究

目的 探讨结直肠息肉与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2017年2月1日~2017年7月1日在浙江医院消化内科门诊及住院期间进行肠镜检查发现的94例结直肠息肉患者作为病例组及135例无息肉组作为对照组,比较分析两组人群的一般临床特征、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖水平、幽门螺杆菌感染情况、非酒精性脂肪性肝病发生率等。结果 与对照组比较,病例组的甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白均明显升高（甘油三酯2.90±1.36mmol/L vs 2.03±11.00mmol/L,t=-4.417;总胆固醇3.33±0.45mmol/L vs 4.40±0.64mmol/L,t=-12.417;低密度脂蛋白3.33±0.45mmol/L vs 2.54±0.46mmol/L,t=-12.926,P均<0.01）。病例组非酒精性脂肪性肝病发生率为46.81%,对照组NAFLD发生率为15.56%。两组间性别、年龄、空腹血糖、幽门螺杆菌感染率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素回归分析显示,非酒精性脂肪性肝病是结直肠息肉的风险因素（OR=2.342,95% CI：1.324~2.621）。结论 结直肠息肉和非酒精性脂肪性肝病患病相关,结直肠息肉患者需要加强腹部B超随访。     

老年缺血性脑卒中患者认知功能障碍与血清同型半胱氨酸的关系

目的 本研究旨在探讨老年缺血性脑卒中伴有认知功能障碍患者的血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、部分代谢指标的水平及与认知功能的关系。方法 120例确诊的老年缺血性脑卒中患者依据蒙特利尔评估量表（MoCA）、日常生活活动能力（ADL）量表评价结果分为认知功能正常组57例、认知功能障碍组63例,年龄性别相匹配的60例健康对象作为健康组,分别比较3组研究对象的Hcy及部分代谢指标的差异,并分析Hcy及部分代谢指标与认知功能评分的关系。结果 认知功能正常组、认知功能障碍组的Hcy分别为14.15±2.88、23.44±4.09μmol/L,显著高于健康组的10.57±2.16μmol/L（P<0.05）,认知功能正常组、认知功能障碍组的高密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）分别为0.99±0.12、0.95±0.14mmol/L,显著低于健康组的1.24±0.21mmol/L（P<0.05）。3组研究对象的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、肌酐（Cr）、空腹血糖值（FBG）、尿素氮（BUN）值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。认知功能障碍组的MoCA总评分、视空间与执行能力、注意力与计算能力、抽象能力评分与Hcy值呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;MoCA总评分、视空间与执行能力、注意力与计算能力评分与HDL-C值呈显著的正相关（P<0.05）。结论 对于老年脑卒中患者,Hcy、HDL-C水平与患者的认知功能障碍具有一定的相关性,早期监测Hcy、HDL-C具有重要意义。     

瑞舒伐他汀对急性脑梗死动脉硬化斑块及神经功能恢复的影响

目的 探究瑞舒伐他汀对急性脑梗死动脉硬化斑块及神经功能恢复的影响。方法 回顾性分析合肥市第二人民医院2016年7月至2017年7月收治的68例急性脑梗死动脉硬化斑块患者的病历资料,依据随机数字表分为对照组和观察组各34例。对照组患者采取常规治疗方法,观察组患者在常规治疗基础上采用瑞舒伐他汀治疗,对比分析两组患者治疗前后的斑块面积、数量、斑块性质,比较两组患者治疗后的三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平及NIHSS评分。结果 治疗后,观察组患者的动脉粥样硬化分值（IMT）降低,斑块面积、斑块数量改善情况优于对照组[（15.2±2.04）cm³ VS （20.8±3.1）cm³,（1.52±0.57）个VS （1.71±0.52）个],差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者稳定性斑块比率（29.4%）高于对照组（20.6%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组患者TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者的NIHSS评分下降幅度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者的总有效率（88.2%）高于对照组（70.6%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 急性脑梗死动脉硬化应用瑞舒伐他汀治疗,疗效显著,可有效改善斑块面积、斑块数量及神经功能。     

2型糖尿病患者角膜神经病变与视网膜病变的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者的角膜神经病变与视网膜病变的关系。方法 选取2017年3月至2019年8月于我院就诊的2型糖尿病伴或不伴糖尿病视网膜病变患者58例（58眼）作为研究对象（病例组）,其中无明显糖尿病视网膜病变（NDR）患者16例（16眼）、非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）患者21例（21眼）、增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）患者21例（21眼）。以无糖尿病且年龄相仿的健康人15例（15眼）作为对照（健康对照组）。病例组和健康对照组均进行角膜共聚焦显微镜检查,对所得图像进行量化分析,比较各组角膜神经纤维长度（CNFL）、角膜神经纤维主干密度（CNFD）及角膜神经纤维分支密度（CNBD）。结果 与健康对照组比较,病例组中NDR、NPDR和PDR患者的CNFL、CNFD、CNBD均下降（P均<0.01）。病例组中,随着糖尿病视网膜病变病情进展,CNFL、CNFD逐步降低（P<0.01,P<0.05）;CNBD在NDR患者与NPDR患者间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,PDR患者CNBD低于NDR和NPDR患者（P<0.01,P<0.05）。结论 在角膜共聚焦显微镜下,2型糖尿病患者的角膜神经纤维存在损害,它的出现早于糖尿病视网膜病变,并且与糖尿病视网膜病变程度存在相关性,可为糖尿病视网膜病变的诊断、治疗提供指导。     

急性冠脉综合征患者红细胞微粒水平与冠脉病变严重程度的关系

目的 探讨急性冠脉综合征患者外周血红细胞微粒水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性及影响因素。方法 选择2016年6月~2017年2月收入笔者医院心内科行冠状动脉造影术的患者140例作为研究对象,分为急性冠脉综合征组（ACS组）108例（其中单支病变组25例,双支病变组27例,3支病变组27例,多支病变组29例）和非冠心病组32例,每个患者入院后第二天空腹抽取外周静脉血,分析血脂、血常规、生化指标等,并经流式细胞仪定量分析各组红细胞微粒CD235a表达水平,并根据冠状动脉造影检结果计算Gensini积分。结果 与非冠心病组相比较,急性冠脉综合征组患者红细胞微粒（44.37%±15.48%）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（3.18±1.16mg/L）、脂蛋白a（215.23±183.10mg/L）、超敏C反应蛋白（19.58±26.94mg/L）水平均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。急性冠脉综合征组各亚组间比较红细胞微粒与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其中有多支血管病变组红细胞微粒水平及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平最高（P<0.05）。ACS组Gensini积分与红细胞微粒水平呈正相关（β=2.157,P<0.05）,与高密度脂蛋白呈负相关（β=-15.579,P<0.05）。结论 急性冠脉综合征患者红细胞微粒水平明显高于非冠心病患者,红细胞微粒水平与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉病变严重程度密切相关,红细胞微粒水平对预测急性冠脉综合征冠状动脉变严重程度具有较高的价值。     

血管内皮生长因子促进慢性心肌梗死血管生成

目的 探索血管内皮生长因子对猪慢性心肌梗死的治疗作用。方法 通过开胸直视下结扎前降支建立猪的心肌梗死模型,1个月后将建模成功的猪分为血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）组和对照组,分别直视下心肌内注射VEGF和磷酸缓冲盐溶液（PBS）,2个月后行MR检查比较两组心功能参数,梗死心肌组织分别做HE染色和免疫组化染色,分析梗死区域微血管生成和细胞增殖情况。结果 因子注射2个月后,两组干预前后的心功能指标差值比较分别为左心室射血分数（LVEF）（4.0%±10.4% vs 1.8%±1.6%,P>0.05）、心排出量（CO）（2.1±1.6L/min vs 1.4±0.8L/min,P>0.05）、左心室后壁舒张期厚度（LVPWTd）（2.8±0.5mm vs 2.0±0.8mm,P>0.05）、左心室舒张末期容积（EDV）（24.0±5.0ml vs 39.6±16.2ml,P>0.05）。通过免疫组化染色分析,VEGF组的微动脉密度比对照组高（87.0±9.1 vs 50.8±7.2,P<0.05）,毛细血管密度比对照组高（367.5±50.8 vs 188.5±14.3,P<0.05）,增殖细胞核数目较对照组多（432.5±37.7 vs 132.0±29.0,P<0.05）。结论 VEGF能够促进梗死心肌的血管新生,促进梗死区域侧支循环建立。     

大五人格特征与2型糖尿病患者血糖控制、焦虑、抑郁的关系

目的 探讨大五人格特征对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖控制、焦虑、抑郁症状的影响。方法 选取2015年12月至2016年4月安徽医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科T2DM患者90例,根据患者糖化血红蛋白高低分为血糖控制组（HbA1c<7.5%）38例、血糖未控制组（HbA1c ≥ 7.5%）52例;根据焦虑自评量表（SAS）标准分数分为焦虑组（标准分 ≥ 50分）12例、无焦虑组（标准分<50分）78例;根据抑郁指数分为抑郁组（抑郁指数 ≥ 0.50）19例、无抑郁组（抑郁指数<0.50）71例,应用大五人格量表、Zung氏焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表分别评估患者的人格特征、焦虑及抑郁状况,比较不同组别患者的人格特质差异,并对患者焦虑、抑郁分数与人格特征指标作Pearson相关性分析。结果 T2DM患者血糖控制组的严谨性人格得分（34.03±8.92）分高于血糖未控制组（29.96±7.25）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;焦虑组的神经质分数（42.58±7.17）分高于非焦虑组（33.77±8.30）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;抑郁组的神经质分数（39.32±7.47）分高于非抑郁组（33.77±8.62）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示神经质人格得分与焦虑、抑郁均呈正相关（r=0.483、0.333,P<0.05）。结论 严谨性人格的T2DM患者血糖控制较好,神经质人格的T2DM患者更易产生焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.