颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄近、远期疗效

目的　评价颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄近、远期疗效。方法　 1993年 5月至 2 0 0 0年 6月 ,共 2 0例患者在中山医院接受 2 1次颈动脉内膜切除术。男性 19例 ,女性 1例 ,年龄 4 7- 76岁 ,平均 6 4± 9岁。其中缺血性中风患者 7例 ,一过性脑缺血者 11例 ,无神经症状者 2例。所有患者均行术前颈动脉Duplex超声检查 ,19例同时行DSA检查 ,18例行MRA检查。狭窄度测定方法同NASCET。 2 1侧手术的颈内动脉中 ,19侧狭窄≥ 70 % ,2侧狭窄 6 0 % - 6 9%伴斑块溃疡。手术均采取颈丛麻醉 ,术中选择性地应用转流管和补片缝合。术后定期行超声检查和随访。结果　术后 30天内无死亡和中风。围手术期有 1例TIA和 2例术后颅神经损伤。 2 0例患者随访 1- 6 3月 ,平均31± 2 0月。术后 2年生存率和中风发生率为 92 3%和 0 % ,5年生存率和中风发生率为 79 1%和 12 5 %。 2例随访中超声检查发现手术侧颈内动脉 5 0 % - 6 0 %的再狭窄。结论　本组病例中 ,颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄取得了满意的围手术期结果和预防中风的远期疗效。     

颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄近、远期疗效

目的　评价颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄近、远期疗效.方法　1993年5月至2000年6月,共20例患者在中山医院接受21次颈动脉内膜切除术.男性19例,女性1例,年龄47-76岁,平均64±9岁.其中缺血性中风患者7例,一过性脑缺血者11例,无神经症状者2例.所有患者均行术前颈动脉Duplex超声检查,19例同时行DSA检查,18例行MRA检查.狭窄度测定方法同NASCET.21侧手术的颈内动脉中,19侧狭窄≥70%,2侧狭窄60%-69%伴斑块溃疡.手术均采取颈丛麻醉,术中选择性地应用转流管和补片缝合.术后定期行超声检查和随访.结果　术后30天内无死亡和中风.围手术期有1例TIA和2例术后颅神经损伤.20例患者随访1-63月,平均31±20月.术后2年生存率和中风发生率为92.3%和0%,5年生存率和中风发生率为79.1%和12.5%.2例随访中超声检查发现手术侧颈内动脉50%-60%的再狭窄.结论　本组病例中,颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄取得了满意的围手术期结果和预防中风的远期疗效.     

Guidelines for the use of carotid endarterectomy: current recommendations from the Canadian Neurosurgical Society

OBJECTIVE: To develop guidelines on the suitability of patients for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). OPTIONS: For atherosclerotic carotid stenosis that has resulted in retinal or cerebral ischemia: antiplatelet drugs or CEA. For asymptomatic carotid stenosis: CEA or no surgery. OUTCOMES: Risk of stroke and death. EVIDENCE: Trials comparing CEA with nonsurgical management of carotid stenosis. VALUES: Greatest weight was given to findings that were highly significant both statistically and clinically. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS: Benefit: reduction in the risk of stroke. Major harms: iatrogenic stroke, cardiac complications and death secondary to surgical manipulations of the artery or the systemic stress of surgery. Costs were not considered. RECOMMENDATIONS: CEA is clearly recommended for patients with surgically accessible internal carotid artery (ICA) stenoses equal to or greater than 70% of the more distal, normal ICA lumen diameter, providing: (1) the stenosis is symptomatic, causing transient ischemic attacks or nondisabling stroke (including retinal infarction); (2) there is no worse distal, ipsilateral, carotid distribution arterial disease; (3) the patient is in stable medical condition; and (4) the rates of major surgical complications (stroke and death) among patients of the treating surgeon are less than 6%. Surgery is not recommended for asymptomatic stenoses of less than 60%. Symptomatic stenoses of less than 70% and asymptomatic stenoses of greater than 60% are uncertain indications. For these indications, consideration should be given to (1) patient presentation, age and medical condition; (2) plaque characteristics such as degree of narrowing, the presence of ulceration and any documented worsening of the plaque over time; (3) other cerebral arterial stenoses or occlusions, or cerebral infarcts identified through neuroimaging; and (4) surgical complication rates at the institution. CEA should not be considered for asymptomatic stenoses unless the combined stroke and death rate among patients of the surgeon is less than 3%. VALIDATION: These guidelines generally agree with position statements prepared by other organizations in recent years, and with a January 1995 consensus statement by a group of experts assembled by the American Heart Association.     

Early and late outcomes in patients with severe extracranial internal carotid stenosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy

Ｃａｒｏｔｉｄｅｎｄａｒｔｅｒｅｃｔｏｍｙ (ＣＥＡ )ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｈｏｗｎｔｏｂｅｓｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｔｏｍｅｄｉｃａｌｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｉｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｓｙｍｐｔｏｍａｔｉｃｏｒａｓｙｍｐｔｏｍａｔｉｃｈｉｇｈ ｇｒａｄｅｃａｒｏｔｉｄｓｔｅｎｏｓｉｓ ＡｌｔｈｏｕｇｈＣＥＡｒｅｍａｉｎｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｐｅｒｉｐｈｅｒａｌａｒｔｅｒｉａｌｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＷｅｓｔ,ｉｔｉｓｎｏｔａｓｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｎＣｈｉｎａ Ｔｈｉｓｐ…     

涤纶补片在颈动脉内膜剥脱术中的常规应用

目的：颈动脉内膜剥脱术是防治颅外颈动脉硬化生度狭窄致缺血性脑中风的标准方法，如何预防术后颈动态再狭窄的发生是该手术的关键。本拟对术中常规应用Hema Carotid涤纶补片对内膜剥脱后颈动脉行成形关闭作一些探讨。方法：将58例德国患行标准的颈动脉内膜剥脱术，对术中及术后近期并发症作一总结。结果：围手术期患死亡率及中风率是0％，术后发生一过性脑缺血的患人数是2例（3.45％），但未发现急性颈动脉闭塞，与手术操作有关的并发症是2例（3.45％）。结论：术中常规应用涤纶补片是颈动脉内膜剥脱术手术成功防止术后颈动脉再狭窄的关键步骤，对于国内开展该手术有一定借鉴。     

Early and late outcomes in Hong Kong Chinese patients undergoing carotid endar terectomy

Ｔｈｅｂｅｎｅｆｉｃｉａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｃａｒｏｔｉｄｅｎｄａｒｔｅｒｅｃｔｏｍｙ (ＣＥＡ)ｉｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｓｅｖｅｒｅｃａｒｏｔｉｄｓｔｅｎｏｓｉｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｗｅｌｌｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔｅｄｉｎｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｒａｎｄｏｍｉｚｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｔｒｉａｌｓ ,1,2ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆＣＥＡｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＷｅｓｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｓｉｎｃｅｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅ 3,4 　Ｉｔｉｓｎｏｗｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｐｅｒｉｐｈｅ…     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术在颈动脉硬化性狭窄患者中的疗效

目的 探讨动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄的可行性和疗效.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学寅武医院血管外科白2002年1月至2010年12月针对颈动脉硬化性狭窄患者施行的126例颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA).其中男92例,女34例,平均年龄65.5岁(48～75岁);脑梗死后遗症25例,有脑缺血症状69例,无症状32例;术中62例行经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测;颈动脉阻断后脑血流速度下降＞50％的5例患者采用了动脉转流管;64例患者未行术中TCD监测,均采用了动脉转流管;术中22例分别采用了自体或人工血管补片成形,2例同时行颈-锁骨下动脉人工血管旁路术.术中术后采用控制血压、颈动脉压迫等方法防止颅内过度灌注.结果 所有手术均获成功,无围手术期死亡.全部有症状患者及部分脑梗死后遗症患者均有不同程度改善,术后伸舌偏斜10例,2周内恢复8例.随访118例,平均随访时间46.5个月(6～96个月),2例舌偏有改善;2例颈动脉重度狭窄,行支架成形术;4例颈动脉中度狭窄,继续随访;死亡7例,包括2例脑梗死.结论 CEA治疗颈动脉狭窄成功率高,疗效可靠.术中TCD监测利于防止脑缺血及颅内过度灌注;术中应根据患者具体情况采用动脉转流管和动脉补片成形.     

The problem of recurrent stenosis following carotid endarterectomy.

From 1977 to 1985, 306 consecutive patients underwent carotid endarterectomy by a single surgeon. The post-operative stroke and death rates were 1.3% and 2.6%. Of the 184 patients with follow-up duplex scanning, 24 (13%) had a recurrent stenosis of 50% or greater. Of 15 possible risk factors studied to assess a possible relationship with recurrent stenosis, four were definitely associated and a fifth probably implicated. The four definitely associated risk factors for recurrent stenosis were an age of 70 years or older (p = 0.0025), female gender (p = 0.0001), ulcerated lesions (p = 0.013), and asymptomatic lesions (p = 0.041). The fifth risk factor that may play a role (though not reaching statistical significance) was combined carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization (p = 0.066). In these patients, we recommend using vein patch angioplasty to reduce the recurrence rate.     

Preliminary results of combined carotid endarterectomy and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases

Background Coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases are common and patients with them remain at a high risk for perioperative stroke or myocardial infarction after coronary bypass surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined carotid endarterectomy （CEA） and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG） in patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases. Methods Between January 2002 and December 2007, consecutive patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases underwent one-stage unilateral CEA and off-pump CABG in Heart Institute of Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. Perioperative complications were assessed and follow-up was carried out. Results A total of 51 cases of isolated off-pump CABG and unilateral CEA, including 34 right and 17 left, were performed. The mean blocked time of carotid artery in CEA was （25.5_±7.0） minutes. The mean number of distal grafts per patient was 3.30±0.45. The mean ventilation time, intensive care unit stay, and postoperative hospital stay was （11.3±5.4） hours, （2.1±0.9） days, and （12.5±6.1） days respectively. None of the patients had stroke or myocardial infarct. There was one perioperative death due to acute cardiac failure, resulting in an operative mortality of 1.96%. Follow-up was completed for 47 patients （92.16%） with a mean follow-up of （39.5±12.5） months. None of the patients manifested stroke, new angina or newly developed cardiac infarct. No late death occurred. Conclusion Combined CEA and off-pump CABG is a safe and effective procedure in selected patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases.     

Carotid endarterectomy and prevention of cerebral ischemia in symptomatic carotid stenosis. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program 309 Trialist Group

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether carotid endarterectomy provides protection against subsequent cerebral ischemia in men with ischemic symptoms in the distribution of significant (greater than 50%) ipsilateral internal carotid artery stenosis. DESIGN--Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. SETTING--Sixteen university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical centers. PATIENTS--Men who presented within 120 days of onset of symptoms that were consistent with transient ischemic attacks, transient monocular blindness, or recent small completed strokes between July 1988 and February 1991. Among 5000 patients screened, 189 individuals were randomized with angiographic internal carotid artery stenosis greater than 50% ipsilateral to the presenting symptoms. Forty-eight eligible patients who refused entry were followed up outside of the trial. OUTCOME MEASURES--Cerebral infarction or crescendo transient ischemic attacks in the vascular distribution of the original symptoms or death within 30 days of randomization. INTERVENTION--Carotid endarterectomy plus the best medical care (n = 91) vs the best medical care alone (n = 98). RESULTS--At a mean follow-up of 11.9 months, there was a significant reduction in stroke or crescendo transient ischemic attacks in patients who received carotid endarterectomy (7.7%) compared with nonsurgical patients (19.4%), or an absolute risk reduction of 11.7% (P = .011). The benefit of surgery was more profound in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis greater than 70% (absolute risk reduction, 17.7%; P = .004). The benefit of surgery was apparent within 2 months after randomization, and only one stroke was noted in the surgical group beyond the 30-day perioperative period. CONCLUSIONS--For a selected cohort of men with symptoms of cerebral or retinal ischemia in the distribution of a high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis, carotid endarterectomy can effectively reduce the risk of subsequent ipsilateral cerebral ischemia. The risk of cerebral ischemia in this subgroup of patients is considerably higher than previously estimated.     

颈动脉内膜剥脱患者围手术期急性冠脉综合征的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术围手术期急性冠脉综合征的发生率、诊断与治疗策略.方法 回顾性分析2003--2009年北京协和医院血管外科收治的143例重度动脉硬化性颈动脉狭窄患者,共施行159例次颈动脉内膜剥脱术围手术期发生急性冠脉综合征的相关临床资料.结果 年龄40～86岁,平均(66±9)岁.术后30d内出现脑卒中5例(3.1%),有症状颈动脉狭窄组术后30 d卒中/死亡4例(3.6%),无症状颈动脉狭窄组1例(2.1%).13例(8.2%)围手术期发生急性冠脉综合征,12例经药物治疗缓解,1例行冠脉球囊扩张并植入支架后康复,无1例死亡.糖尿病史(RR=7.727,P=0.001)、吸烟史(RR=8.138,P=0.020)和既往心梗病史(RR=4.567,P=0.027)是颈动脉内膜剥脱术围手术期发生急性冠脉综合征的显著危险因素.结论 急性冠脉综合征是颈动脉内膜剥脱术围手术期重要的非神经系统并发症,糖尿病史、吸烟史和既往心梗病史是发生急性冠脉综合征的显著危险因素,综合运用多种策略预防治疗急性冠脉综合征对增加颈动脉内膜剥脱术的安全性具有重要意义.     

A meta-analysis of carotid endarterectomy versus stenting in the treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis

Background  Carotid stenosis is one of the common reasons for patients with ischemic stroke, and the two invasive options carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) are the most popular treatments. But the relative efficacy and safety of the methods are not clear.

Methods  About 521 articles related to CAS and CEA for carotid stenosis published in 1995–2011 were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library (CL), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) China Journal Full-Test database. Of them, eight articles were chosen. Meta-analysis was used to assess the relative risks.

Results  The eight studies included 3873 patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, including 1941 cases in the carotid stent angioplasty group, and 1932 cases in the carotid endarterectomy group. Fixed effect model analysis showed that within 30 days of incidence of all types of strokes, surgery was significantly highly preferred in CAS patients (CAS group) than the CEA patients (CEA group), and the difference was statistically significant (relative ratio (RR)=1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.380–2.401, P <0.0001). But the incidence of death in the two groups is not showed and is not statistically significant after 30 days (RR=1.52, 95% CI: 0.82–2.82, P=0.18). The rate of cranial nerve injury in the CAS group is lower than the CEA group (RR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.05–0.43, P=0.0005). The incidence of CAS patients with myocardial infarction is lower than the CEA group after 30 days, but statistically meaningless (RR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.05–1.02, P=0.05). The stroke or death in CAS patients were higher than the CEA group after 1 year of treatment (RR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.03–6.48, P=0.04).

Conclusions  Compared to CAS, carotid endarterectomy is still the preferred treatment methodology of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Future meta-analyses should then be performed in long-term follow-up to support this treatment recommendation.

     

Effect of anesthetic management on resource utilization and outcome in carotid endarterectomy patients

Several well-controlled randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for prevention of stroke in patients with symptomatic, severe (> 70%) internal carotid artery stenosis. This benefit has resulted in a significant increase in the number of carotid endarterectomies performed annually. However, the benefit of carotid endarterectomy depends on low perioperative stroke, death and complication rates. This fact has drawn the attention of third party payers and there is considerable emphasis on further decreasing complications and medical expenditures. Implementations of clinical pathways and preventive strategies to obviate complications that increase length of stay and hospital costs have been critical. Although the incidence of perioperative stroke has decreased considerably over the recent years, cardiac and other systemic complications have remained relatively stable. Even though there is no unequivocal evidence of one anesthesia technique over another, several trials have suggested suggested improved clinical outcomes and economic benefit for carotid endarterectomies performed under regional anesthesia. This article describes a study at West Virginia University to assess the role of anesthetic management upon resource utilization and outcome in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.     

The appropriate use of carotid endarterectomy

FOR THE FIRST 30 YEARS AFTER CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY WAS FIRST DEVELOPED, anecdotal evidence was used to identify patients with internal carotid artery disease for whom this procedure would be appropriate. More recently, the appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic patients and asymptomatic subjects has emerged from 7 randomized trials. Risk of stroke and benefit from the procedure are greatest for symptomatic patients with at least 70% stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Within this group, carotid endarterectomy is most beneficial for the following patients: otherwise healthy elderly patients, those with hemispheric transient ischemic attack, those with tandem extracranial and intracranial lesions and those without evidence of collateral vessels. Risk of perioperative stroke and death is higher in the following groups, although they still benefit: patients with widespread leukoaraiosis, those with occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery and those with intraluminal thrombus. Patients with 50% to 69% stenosis experience lesser benefit, and some other groups may even be harmed by carotid endarterectomy, including women and patients with transient monocular blindness only. The procedure is indicated for patients presenting with lacunar stroke and for those with a nearly occluded internal carotid artery, but the benefit is muted. Patients with less than 50% stenosis do not benefit. In the largest randomized trial of asymptomatic subjects, the perioperative risk of stroke and death was very low (1.5%), but the results indicated that a prohibitively high number of subjects (83) must be treated to prevent one stroke in 2 years. The subsequent literature reported higher perioperative risks (2.8% to 5.6%). In asymptomatic individuals nearly half of the strokes that occur may be due to heart and small-vessel disease. These limitations counter any potential benefit. Another trial is in progress and may identify subgroups of asymptomatic subjects who would benefit. Meanwhile, most individuals without symptoms fare better with medical care.     

Stent-supported angioplasty correction of symptomatic critical carotid angulation

Carotid stent-supported angioplasty is currently under investigation in many medical centers, for use in treating extracanial cerebrovascular disease. The early results of CSSA in selected patients appear promising. While carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remains the current standard of care, we believe that a small subgroup of patients at a high risk for surgery can benefit from CSSA. This case report describes a patient with symptomatic high-grade recurrent stenosis due to critical angulation (kinking) and redundancy of the internal carotid artery following CEA with patch angioplasty who was then treated successfully with CSSA.     

参麦注射液联合右旋糖酐、阿司匹林在预防颈动 脉内膜剥脱术后并发症中的应用价值

目的 探讨围手术期应用参麦注射液联合右旋糖酐、阿司匹林预防颈动脉内膜剥脱（CEA）术后 并发症中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析齐齐哈尔医学院附属第三医院接受在CEA 手术治疗的颈动脉狭窄患者 122 例作为观察对象,根据患者围手术期处理措施分为A、B、C 3 组,A 组39 例仅施行建立临时转流的CEA 手术,B 组35 例CEA 术后早期应用右旋糖酐与阿司匹林抗凝抗栓治疗方案,C 组48 例CEA 围手术期静滴参 麦注射液,术后早期应用右旋糖酐与阿司匹林抗凝抗栓方案,比较3 组治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果 3 组 患者术后6 个月头晕、视力模糊、面部针扎感、上肢沉重感、大脑中动脉收缩期峰值、颈动脉收缩期峰值比较 差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。3 组患者围手术期在过度灌注、局部血肿、脑组织损伤和心率、血压降低各项 比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,在主要并发症发生情况总体比较中差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,组间两两 比较,A 组与C 组比较,B 组与C 组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.0167）。术后脑卒中、心肌梗死、死亡的 比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,总体发生情况的比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,组间两两比较,A 组与 C 组比较,B 组与C 组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.0167）。3 组患者在1 年后随访致残、致死性卒中,以 及总体情况比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 CEA 围手术期应用参麦注射液联合右旋糖酐、阿司匹林 可有效降低CEA 围手术期并发症及不良结局发生率,并且对手术治疗效果无影响,具有临床应用及推广价值。     

颈动脉支架的安全性和有效性

目的评价颈动脉支架植入安全性和有效性。方法前瞻性观察70位中国人所接受的76次颈动脉内膜旋切术 (CEA),对CAS的安全性及有效性做初步探讨。人选者均属高危患者,包括不稳定型心绞痛、同侧CEA史、对侧颈动脉狭窄、颈动脉放疗后狭窄及其他严重的合并症。患者于术前、术后及半年后随访时均接受独立的神经专科检查;于远期随访时复查脑血管造影。结果手术成功率为100％;术前平均狭窄程度达(82±18)％,术后狭窄程度下降至(5±10)％。所有患者共发生3次小卒中(5．7％),均无大卒中事件;住院期间及术后30 d内均无心肌梗死及死亡事件。平均随访期达 (20±12)月;2例患者发生无症状颈动脉再狭窄;2例患者发生非Q波型心肌梗死;两例患者因非神经源性因素死亡;3 例患者发生小卒中;远期随访未发现大卒中。结论在中国人群中,经皮颈动脉支架植入术是安全可行的,它的远期再狭窄率亦低。     

颈内动脉假性闭塞手术治疗的单中心经验总结

 目的 评价颈内动脉假性闭塞(atheromatous pseudo-occlusion, APO)手术治疗的安全性及有效性。方法 对复旦大学附属中山医院2011年12月至2016年6月间接受颈动脉内膜切除术的颈动脉狭窄患者资料进行回顾性分析,其中研究组为APO患者32例,对照组为重度狭窄(70%~99%)患者124例。对两组围手术期各主要及次要并发症、随访中的同侧缺血性脑卒中复发率、再狭窄率及死亡率进行比较。结果 围手术期主要并发症:APO组发生心梗1例(3.1%),无缺血性脑卒中、脑出血及死亡病例;对照组发生缺血性脑卒中2例(1.4%),心肌梗死6例(4.2%),死亡1例(0.7%)。次要并发症:APO组发生切口渗血1例(3.1%),肺部感染2例(6.3%),高灌注综合征2例(6.3%);对照组发生切口渗血3例(2.1%),切口感染2例(1.4%),肺部感染4例(2.8%),颅神经损伤2例(1.4%),高灌注综合征2例(1.4%)。术后随访6~60个月,平均随访(35.3±17.5)个月。APO组1例(3.1%)同侧缺血性脑卒中复发,4例(12.5%)发生再狭窄,死亡3例(9.4%),死因均非神经系统疾病。对照组同侧缺血性脑卒中复发8例(5.6%),再狭窄9例(6.3%),死亡8例(5.6%)。两组间围手术期各主要及次要并发症,随访中的同侧缺血性脑卒中复发率、再狭窄率、死亡率的差异均无统计学意义。结论 对APO患者行颈动脉内膜切除术治疗安全有效,围手术期及随访结果满意。     

Percutaneous transluminal stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal stenting for pati ents with carotid artery stenosis.Methods Selective percutaneous transluminal stenting was performed for patients with sym ptomatic carotid artery stenosis (luminal narrowing ≥70%). Success rates and c omplications associated with the procedures were observed. During six months of follow-up, both recurrent symptom and restenosis rates were recorded. Results There were 17 bifurcating lesions among 27 stenoses in 26 patients, of whom 18 had concomitant coronary artery diseases. The acute procedural success rate was 96.3% (26/27), and the degree of stenosis was reduced from 88.6%±8.9% （ran ge 70-100） to 0.4%±2.0% （range 0-10）. Six patients developed severe brady cardia and hypotension, and 3 experienced transient loss of consciousness during balloon dilatation. During hospitalization, 2 patients experienced loss of con sciousness and convulsion, respectively, due to hyperperfusion, and both recover ed 12 hours later. There were 2 minor stroke cases (7.4%) but no cases of majo r stroke or death. At the 6-month follow-up, there were no cases of TIA or ne w onset of stroke. There was no restenosis detected in 16 cases using angiograp hy and in 10 cases using MRI in 6 to 16 months of follow-up. Conclusions Percutaneous transluminal stenting for patients with carotid artery stenosis has a high procedural success rate with few and acceptable complications. Few pati ents suffered from recurrent symptoms or showed restenosis in long-term follow -up.     

支架置入术与内膜切除术治疗颈动脉狭窄的系统评价

目的:评价颈动脉血管成形术和颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉狭窄的近期临床疗效和安全性。方法:电子检索中国学术期刊网全文数据库(1996～2006年)、Medline(1996～2006年)和Cochrane图书馆(2006年12月前已发表的文献和已注册但未发表的临床试验),并与研究者取得联系获得更多的相关研究资料。纳入比较颈动脉血管成形术和内膜切除术治疗颈动脉狭窄的随机对照试验,比较两种治疗方法术后30d内卒中发生率和卒中与死亡的联合发生率。以卒中发生率作为疗效评价指标,以卒中和死亡的联合发生率作为安全性评价指标。2名评价员独立检索和提取资料,对纳入试验的方法学质量进行评价。结果:在术后30d内的卒中发生率方面,共纳入4项临床试验的2541例患者,其中颈动脉血管成形术组1278例,颈动脉内膜切除术组1263例,在术后30d的卒中和死亡的联合发生率方面,纳入5项临床试验,共2760例患者,其中颈动脉血管成形术组1385例,颈动脉内膜切除术组1375例。分析结果显示,在术后30d内的卒中发生率方面,颈动脉血管成形术与颈动脉内膜切除间差异无统计学意义(OR:1144;95%CI:1105～1197,Z=2128,P=0...