Relationship between plasma HDL subclasses distribution and apoA-I gene polymorphisms

BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that apolipoprotein (apo) A-I is the dominant structural apolipoprotein of HDL particles and different HDL subclasses have distinct but interrelated metabolic functions. HDL is known to directly affect the atherogenic process hence changes in HDL subclasses distribution may be related to the incidence and prevalence of atherosclerosis. METHODS: The ApoA-I contents (mg/l) of plasma HDL subclasses were determined by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection and apoA-I genotypes were assayed by PCR-RFLP in 307 Chinese subjects (169 males, 138 females). RESULTS: The G/G and C/C genotypes were the most frequent at -78 bp and +83 bp of apoA-I gene, respectively. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of rare A allele at -78 bp and rare T allele at +83 bp between males and females. Compared with the G/G carriers, G/A and A/A carriers had significantly higher plasma concentrations of TG, apoC-II, apoC-III, apoA-I contents of prebeta(1)-HDL, HDL(3a) and TG/HDL-C ratio. And in addition, A/A carriers had significantly lower apoA-I contents of HDL(2a) and HDL(2b). Females had increased plasma concentrations of apoA-I, HDL-C, apoA-I contents of HDL(2a) and HDL(2b) while decreased apoA-I contents of prebeta(1)-HDL, HDL(3b) and TG/HDL-C ratio as compared to males carrying the same genotype. No significant differences were demonstrated on the concentrations of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and apoA-I contents of plasma HDL subclasses between the C/C and C/T subjects. CONCLUSION: The G/A polymorphism at -78 bp of apoA-I gene was associated with changes of HDL subclasses distribution. There was a general shift towards smaller-sized HDL, which, in turn, indicated that reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) might be weakened and HDL maturation might be abnormal in the subjects with G/A mutation.     

Relationship between plasma HDL subclasses distribution and lipoprotein lipase gene HindIII polymorphism in hyperlipidemia

BACKGROUND: Different high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses have distinct but interrelated metabolic functions. HDL directly influences the atherogenic process, and changes in HDL subclasses distribution may be related to the incidence and prevalence of atherosclerosis. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an important enzyme for hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and its activity is positively correlated with the plasma HDL cholesterol level. LPL gene HindIII polymorphism has been found associated with variations in lipid levels, but the impact on HDL subclasses distribution is less clearly established. METHODS: The relative apolipoprotein (apo) A-I contents (% apoA-I) of plasma HDL subclasses were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection and LPL gene HindIII polymorphism was assayed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 173 hyperlipidemic and 155 normolipidemic subjects. RESULTS: The frequencies of 495TT genotype and allele T were the highest both in the hyperlipidemic and control groups. Compared with the control group, the frequency of 495TT genotype was higher, while the frequencies of 495TG and 495GG genotypes were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the hyperlipidemic group. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunodetection showed that HDL subclasses distribution was altered in hyperlipidemia, and had a general shift toward smaller size. Compared with the control group, the hyperlipidemic group had significantly higher relative apoA-I contents of prebeta1-HDL, prebeta2-HDL, HDL3b and HDL3a (P<0.05) and lower HDL2a and HDL2b levels (P<0.001). In the hyperlipidemic group, allele T carriers' frequency was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the genotype of 495TT showed higher levels of plasma TG, apoB100, TG/HDL-C ratio, relative apoA-I contents of prebeta1-HDL, HDL3b and lower HDL2a, HDL2b compared with that of the 495GG genotype subgroup (P<0.05). In the control group, the genotype of 495TT had higher plasma TG, HDL3c and lower HDL2a compared with that of 495GG subgroup (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 495TT genotype of LPL gene HindIII polymorphism was associated with changes of HDL subclasses distribution in Chinese population with hyperlipidemia. The particle size of HDL shifted toward smaller, which, in turn, indicated that RCT might be weakened and HDL maturation might be abnormal in hyperlipidemic subjects with 495TT genotype.     

Relationship between plasma apolipoproteinB concentrations, apolipoproteinB/apolipoproeinA-I and HDL subclasses distribution

BACKGROUND: To analyze the relationship between plasma apoB100 concentrations, apoB100/apoA-I ratio and the alteration of HDL subclasses distribution. METHODS: The apoA-I contents of plasma HDL subclasses were quantitated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection in 506 subjects. RESULTS: The subjects in the highest tertile of apoB100 groups had significantly higher small-sized prebeta(1)-HDL, however lower large-sized HDL(2a), HDL(2b) than the subjects in the lowest tertile of apoB100 group. Furthermore, a significant down in the HDL(2b)/prebeta(1)-HDL values (from 6.8 to 1.6) with a rise in apoB100/apoA-I ratio (from 0.4 to 1.4) were observed. Compared to subjects with apoB100/apoA-I ratio<0.9, the subjects with apoB100/apoA-I ratio > or =0.9 had significantly higher small-sized prebeta(1)-HDL whereas lower HDL(3a), HDL(3b) and large-sized HDL(2a), HDL(2b.) Pearson correlation revealed that concentrations of apoB100 were positively correlated with prebeta(1)-HDL but negatively correlated with HDL(2a) and HDL(2b), and in multivariate analysis, all HDL subclasses were independently associated with the apoB100/apoA-I ratio. CONCLUSION: The apoB100 concentrations, especially apoB100/apoA-I ratio could reflect sensitively the alteration of HDL subclasses distribution. And HDL subclasses distribution characteristics of hyperlipidemic subjects appeared in the subjects with apoB100/apoA-I ratio > or =0.9, which indicated the efficiency of RCT was weakened and the maturation of HDL was blocked.     

Prebeta1-high-density lipoprotein (prebeta1-HDL) concentration can change with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration independent of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)

To clarify whether prebeta1-high-density lipoprotein (prebeta1-HDL) concentration changes with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration independent of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), we determined prebeta1-HDL concentration by native two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in 58 subjects with normal triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. We also measured LDL-C and CETP concentrations. In 17 subjects, a second blood sample was taken 1-6 months after the first. We found that prebeta1-HDL concentration was positively correlated with LDL-C concentration (r=0.529, P<0.0001) and with CETP mass (r=0.398, P<0.01). In 17 patients, Deltaprebeta1-HDL was positively correlated with DeltaLDL-C (r=0.635, P<0.01), but not with DeltaCETP mass (r=0.275). In conclusion, prebeta1-HDL concentration changes with LDL-C concentration independent of CETP. These results suggest that prebeta1-HDL concentration may reflect the balance between several regulatory factors, including LDL-C and CETP concentrations.     

T13M mutation of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase gene causes fish-eye disease

BACKGROUND: Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) esterifies free cholesterol (FC) in plasma and plays a crucial role in the maturation of prebeta1-HDL (lipid-poor HDL) into alpha-migrating HDL (spherical HDL). Natural mutations of LCAT gene cause familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) or fish-eye disease (FED). The relationship between mutations and their phenotypes gives important clues to the functions of specific regions of LCAT. We investigated the first homozygous case with a substitution of threonine to methionine at codon 13 (T13M) of LCAT gene. METHODS: We evaluated LCAT activity, LCAT distribution among HDL subfractions and conversion of prebeta1-HDL to alpha-migrating HDL by native two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (N-2DGE). RESULTS: The proband had corneal opacity, severe hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia, half-normal LCAT activity and near normal cholesteryl ester/total cholesterol (TC) ratio in plasma. These features were characteristic of FED. Plasma prebeta1-HDL concentration was near normal, but not converted to alpha-migrating HDL during 37 degrees C incubation. As expected, alpha-migrating HDL (especially large particles) was markedly reduced. In the immunoblot against LCAT, the small alpha-migrating HDL from the proband had much less LCAT in this patient than in controls. CONCLUSION: T13M mutation of LCAT gene causes FED.     

Relationship between apolipoproteins and the alteration of HDL subclasses in hyperlipidemic subjects

BACKGROUND: To elucidate the relationship between the apolipoproteins, especially apoA-I and the alteration of HDL subclasses in hyperlipidemic, HTC and HTG subjects. METHODS: ApoA-I contents of plasma HDL subclasses were quantitated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection in 233 normolipidemic subjects and 312 hyperlipidemic subjects (132 HTC and 180 HTG subjects). Making use of the mean +/-1 SD of apoA-I levels, we further subdivided normolipidemic, hyperlipidemic, HTC and HTG subjects into 3 subgroups, respectively. RESULTS: Subjects in the middle and low apoA-I subgroups had decreased HDL-C and apoA-I while increased TG, apoB100, apoCII, apoCIII and apoE concentrations. With the reduction of apoA-I concentrations, the apoA-I contents of all HDL subclasses decreased successively and significantly. The relative percentage of small-sized HDL increased significantly while those of large-sized HDL(2a), HDL(2b) decreased significantly in hyperlipidemic, especially in HTG group. Multiple liner regression result revealed that apoA-I was positively and significantly correlated with all HDL subclasses and apoA-I level influenced the distribution of HDL subclasses powerfully in hyperlipidemic subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Both the rate and efficiency of RCT might be weakened more seriously in hyperlipidemic, especially in HTG subjects with low apoA-I levels. ApoA-I level might be a powerful factor correlated with the distributions of HDL subclasses.     

LCAT-dependent conversion rate is a determinant of plasma prebeta1-HDL concentration in healthy Japanese

BACKGROUND: Prebeta1-HDL acts as a primary acceptor of cellular cholesterol. Prebeta1-HDL is converted into alpha-migrating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). We examined whether the LCAT-dependent conversion rate of prebeta1-HDL is a determinant of the plasma prebeta1-HDL concentration in healthy Japanese. METHODS: We measured the conversion half time (CHT(prebeta1)), the time required for 50% of baseline prebeta1-HDL to be changed into alpha-migrating HDL by LCAT, in 100 healthy Japanese (47 men, 53 women, 22-88 years). RESULTS: Prebeta1-HDL concentration, as determined by immunoassay, was significantly lower in younger women (<50 years, n=24) than in older women (>or=50 years, n=29) (16.8+/-3.3 vs. 21.7+/-8.0 mg/l apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), p<0.01). There was no significant difference in prebeta1-HDL concentration between younger (n=24) and older (n=23) men (21.2+/-6.8 vs. 22.5+/-6.6 mg/l apoAI). The mean CHT(prebeta1) for all subjects was 47.4+/-13.0 min, and was not influenced by gender or age. Prebeta1-HDL concentration was positively correlated with CHT(prebeta1) in both men and women, suggesting that high prebeta1-HDL levels may reflect delayed conversion of prebeta1-HDL. CONCLUSION: LCAT-dependent conversion rate is a determinant of plasma prebeta1-HDL concentration in healthy Japanese. We speculate that prebeta1-HDL concentration may be used as a metabolic marker for HDL maturation.     

血清脂质、脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白在冠心病中的临床意义

目的研究冠心病患者的血清脂质、脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白的变化、辨别力和诊断价值。方法测定64例冠心病(CHD)患者和60例正常人的血脂、脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白,并比较计算其辨别力和诊断价值。结果和结论冠心病患者的TC(女)、TG、LDL-C、ApoB、LDL-C/HDL-C和ApoB/ApoAI明显高于正常人(P<0.05),HDL2-C、HDL3-C、HDL-C、ApoAI和HDL-C/TC明显低于正常人(P<0.05)。由HDL-C、TC和TG血脂三项可代替HDL-C、LDL-C、VLDL-C、TC和TG血脂五项,对冠心病的诊断目前有应用价值,若加上HDL2-C和HDL3-C或ApoAI和ApoB,则对冠心病的诊断更有意义。     

Fractional esterification rate of cholesterol and ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol are powerful predictors of positive findings on coronary angiography

BACKGROUND: We examined the predictive value of various clinical and biochemical markers for angiographically defined coronary artery disease (aCAD). Specifically, we assessed the value of the ratio of plasma triglyceride (TGs) to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and the fractional esterification rate of cholesterol in plasma depleted of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins (FER(HDL)), a functional marker of HDL and LDL particle size. METHODS: Patients (788 men and 320 women) undergoing coronary angiography were classified into groups with positive [aCAD(+)] and negative [aCAD(-)] findings. Patient age, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), medications, drinking, smoking, exercise habits, and plasma total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-unesterified cholesterol, HDL-C, TGs, FER(HDL), apoB, log(TG/HDL-C), and TC/HDL-C were assessed. Lipids and apoproteins were measured by standard laboratory procedures; FER(HDL) was determined by a radioassay. RESULTS: Members of the aCAD(+) group were older and had a higher incidence of smoking and diabetes than those in the aCAD(-) group. The aCAD(+) group also had higher TG, apoB, FER(HDL), and log(TG/HDL-C) and lower HDL-C values. aCAD(+) women had greater waist circumference and higher plasma TC and TC/HDL-C. aCAD(+) men, but not women, had higher plasma LDL-C. In the multivariate logistic model, the significant predictors of the presence of aCAD(+) were FER(HDL), age, smoking, and diabetes. If only laboratory tests were included in the multivariate logistic model, FER(HDL) appeared as the sole predictor of aCAD(+). Log(TG/HDL-C) was an independent predictor when FER(HDL) was omitted from multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: FER(HDL) was the best laboratory predictor of the presence of coronary atherosclerotic lesions.     

血脂代谢紊乱与中青年脑梗死危险因素的相关性分析

目的探讨血脂与中青年人脑梗死的关系. 方法检测了 111例中青年人脑梗死患者及 80例对照者的三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (High density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、载脂蛋白 A-I(apolipoproteinA-I,ApoA-I)、载脂蛋白 B100(apolipoprotein B100, ApoB100)和脂蛋白 (a)血清含量. 结果脑梗死组三酰甘油 [(1.92± 1.33)mmol/L],总胆固醇 [(5.21± 1.08)mmol/L],LDL-C[(3.13± 0.96)]mmol/L,ApoB100[(1.10± 0.29)g/L]及脂蛋白 (a)[(0.23± 0.18)]g/L水平高于对照组 (t=2.523～ 3.796,P< 0.05),总胆固醇与年龄呈正相关 [青年 (4.96± 1.14)mmol/L,中年 (5.27± 1.06)mmol/L], HDL-C与年龄呈负相关 [青年 (1.39± 0.43)mmol/L,中年 (1.26± 0.35)mmol/L].亚组分析发现青年人脑梗死亚组的脂蛋白 (a)水平和中年人脑梗死亚组的三酰甘油、总胆固醇、 LDL-C、 ApoB100及脂蛋白 (a)水平均显著高于相应的对照组 (t=2.571～ 4.107,P< 0.05);皮层支动脉闭塞亚组脂蛋白 (a)水平显著高于穿通支动脉闭塞亚组 (t=5.414,P< 0.01);首发脑梗死亚组与复发脑梗死亚组之间的血脂水平无显著差异. 结论血脂代谢紊乱是中青年人脑梗死的危险因素.     

2型糖尿病患者血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与脂类代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（sdLDL-C）水平与脂类代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法 193例2型糖尿病患者按胰岛素抵抗情况分为胰岛素抵抗组144例与非胰岛素抵抗组49例。采用奥林巴斯AU2700全自动生化仪检测血清小而密低密度脂蛋白（sdLDL-C）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、空腹血糖（FBG）等,采用化学发光法检测空腹胰岛素（FIN）、C肽,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）等。结果 2型糖尿病患者中,与非胰岛素抵抗组相比,胰岛素抵抗组TG、TG/高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、TC/HDL、sdLDL-C水平显著升高（P〈0.05）,而HDL、载脂蛋白A（apo AⅠ）、脂蛋白（Lpa）水平显著降低（P〈0.05）;对2型糖尿病患者sdLDL-C、胰岛素抵抗指数进行多元逐步回归分析,sdLDL-C与TG（Log）、LDL-C/HDLC及TG/HDL-C（Log）呈正相比关性（r=0.638、0.601、0.290,P〈0.01）,与TG/HDL（Log）和LDL-C/apoB呈负相关关系（r=-0.589、-0.342,P〈0.01）;HOMA-IR与TG/HDL和sdLDL-C呈正相关关系（r=0.281、0.250,P〈0.01）,而与TC呈负相关（r=-0.233,P〈0.01）。结论 SdLDL-C能较好地反映2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗对脂类代谢的影响,TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C等提供的重要临床信息应在以后的临床应用中得到进一步认识和重视。     

血糖调节异常者血脂代谢的初步研究

目的初步评价血糖调节受损患者血脂代谢异常情况。方法检测糖耐量正常(NGT)、单纯空腹血糖异常(IFG)、单纯糖耐量异常(IGT)、空腹血糖异常合并糖耐量异常(IFG IGT)和糖尿病(DM)患者空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖及空腹血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A-I(apo A-I)和载脂蛋白B(apo B)水平,计算非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)和血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP),比较各组间血清脂质成分的差异。结果IFG组血清TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C和apo B水平较NGT组明显升高(P<0.01),而TG、HDL-C、AIP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IGT组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、apo A-I、apo B和AIP水平较NGT组显著升高(P<0.01),前6项指标与IFG IGT组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IFG IGT组与NGT组比较,各指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);HDL-C、non-HDL-C和AIP水平与IFG组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。DM组表现出典型的DM性脂代谢紊乱伴AIP水平显著异常。non-HDL-C和apo B间存在良好的相关性(P<0.01)。结论血糖调节受损者不同程度的存在血脂代谢异常,主要表现为TC、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C和apo B水平的升高和HDL-C、apo A-I的降低,伴不同程度AIP水平的改变。     

2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排出量与血脂代谢异常的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排出量与血脂代谢异常的关系。方法根据尿白蛋白排出率(UAER)将73例2型糖尿病患者分为正常白蛋白尿(UAER<20μg/min)、微量白蛋白尿(UAER 20~200μg/min)和大量白蛋白尿(UAER>200μg/min)3个亚组,并选择28例健康人作为正常对照组。所有研究对象测定空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)、脂蛋白a[LP(a)]。结果2型糖尿病各组FPG及HbA1c与正常对照组的差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),而2型糖尿病三组之间FPG及HbA1c的差异无统计学意义。方差分析显示,4组间TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,LP(a)的差异有显著意义(F分别为4.75,5.22,4.32,6.48;P<0.05或P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,尿白蛋白排出量与TG和FPG成正相关(r2=0.196)。结论2型糖尿病患者血脂代谢异常与尿白蛋白排出率有一定的关系,血脂含量改变越明显,尿白蛋白排出率越高,血脂异常是糖尿病肾病的重要影响因素。     

青壮年女性四肢瘫痪患者的血脂紊乱特点

目的:通过流行病学调查了解青壮年四肢瘫痪女性血脂浓度的特点,探讨绝对缺乏运动的生活方式对青壮年女性血脂浓度的影响。方法:对中国康复研究中心因脊髓损伤致四肢瘫痪入院进行康复治疗的女性患者100例进行入院状态调查,对其血脂指标甘油三酯(TG),总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度进行分析。结果:100例患者TG浓度显著高于女性全国平均水平,HDL浓度显著低于女性全国平均水平;TC、LDL-C平均浓度与女性全国平均水平比较差异无统计学意义。年龄与TG、TC、LDL-C显著正相关(P0.05,0.01);与HDL无显著相关。血脂异常发生率68%,低HDL血症发生率58%。结论:青壮年四肢瘫痪女性患者血脂异常发生率高,与年龄正相关;与病程无相关性;患者均存在心血管健康隐患,有必要给予关注和早期干预。     

2型糖尿病患者的血脂和血尿酸水平的临床分析

目的 为了研究2型糖尿病（DM2）患者测定血脂和血尿酸的临床意义。方法采用生化法测定了98例DM2的血脂和血尿酸水平，其中包括TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C和SUA，并与64名正常对照组进行了对比和相关性分析。结果 98例DM2患者的血脂水平分析：TC、TG、LDL-C和SUA水平较之64名正常对照组明显增高（P均＜0.01），HDL-C水平明显降低（P＜0.05）。血脂TC、TG和LDL-C与SUA呈正相关，r分别为0.612、0.584和0.503（P＜0.05），HDL-C与SUA呈负相关，r为-0.561（P＜0.05）。结论 DM2患者的血脂紊乱和SUA的增高是造成动脉粥样硬化（AS）的危险因素，故应控制饮食和积极治疗以减缓AS的发生.     

Changes in serum lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein composition during isotretinoin therapy

Oral isotretinoin has been reported to increase serum total triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (TPL), apoprotein B (apo B), and to reduce high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). To investigate the effects of isotretinoin on HDL, we measured HDL-C, HDL phospholipids (HDL-PL), apoprotein A1 (apo A-1), and HDL-C subfractions (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) in 24 healthy, male patients receiving a 16-week course of isotretinoin (1.0 mg/kg/day) for treatment of severe acne vulgaris. Patients were placed on a constant diet and fasting lipid parameters were measured every 4 weeks. Analysis of the data from the 20 patients who completed the study confirmed the reported increase in TG, TC, LDL-C, apo B, and LDL-C/HDL-C (all p less than 0.01) observed during isotretinoin therapy. Reduction occurred in HDL-C (p less than 0.05) and HDL2-C (p less than 0.01) while HDL3-C remained unchanged, indicating that the effect of isotretinoin is on the HDL2-C subfraction. Apo A-1 and HDL-PL did not change significantly, suggesting that the reduction in HDL-C represents cholesterol depletion of the HDL particle rather than a reduction in HDL mass. After discontinuing isotretinoin, serum lipid parameters returned to baseline levels.     

体检人群血脂和血糖检测结果与体重指数的相关性分析

目的 探讨体检人群体重指数（BMI）与血糖、血脂的相关性。方法 2007年1月—12月对11 310例在华西医院体检人群进行空腹血糖（FPG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL C）检测,同时测量身高、体重,计算BMI,并对相关资料进行统计分析。结果 11 310例体检人群中超重与肥胖的检出率分别为32.8％、8.1％;体重过低、正常、超重、肥胖4组人群的空腹血糖受损（IFG）患病率分别为3.3％、7.2％、17.6％、24.2％,糖尿病（DM）患病率分别为0.6%、2.7%、6.8%、9.8%,高TC患病率分别为7.0％、11.8％、15.7％、16.9％,高TG患病率分别为3.0％、19.6％、47.5％、58.9％,低HDL C患病分别为0.8％、1.7％、8.1％、14.1％,高LDL C患病率分别为2.4％、5.5％、8.0％、8.0％,各组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜005）;不同体重指数组的FPG、TC、TG、HDL C、LDL C水平差异均有统计学意义（P＜005）。结论 IFG、DM、高TC、高TG、低HDL C的患病率随着体重指数的增大而显著增高,FPG、TC、TG、LDL C值也随着体重指数的增大而增高。建议通过改变不良生活方式、平衡日常膳食、加强体育锻炼、减轻精神压力、控制体重等方式来干预防治超重和肥胖,减少各种慢性病的发生率。     

The efficacy of ginseng supplementation on plasma lipid concentration in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveWe performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of ginseng supplementation on plasma lipid concentration.MethodsThe search included PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar (up to April 2019) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of ginseng supplementation on serum lipid parameters. To estimate the overall summary effect, we used random-effects model.ResultsTwenty-seven studies comprising 35 treatment arms comprising 1245 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results showed that consumption of ginseng did not significantly change the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). However, subgroup analyses showed a significant lowering effect in high dose ginseng supplementation on TC, LDL-C and TG. Also, the impact of ginseng on TC and TG was significant in long-term interventions.ConclusionFurther RCTs with longer supplementation durations in subjects with dyslipidemia are necessitated for a more robust assessment of the lipid-modulating properties of this plant.     

电针丰隆穴对高脂血症大鼠血脂及CGRP的影响

目的：观察电针丰隆穴对高脂血症大鼠血脂及降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的影响。方法：80只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组各20只,A组用普通饲料喂养;B组用高脂饲料喂养;C组用高脂饲料喂养并每天电针丰隆穴30min：D组高脂饲料喂养并每天普伐他汀钠灌胃。30d后检测各组大鼠的体重,血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）及CGRP含量的变化。结果：与A组比较,B组大鼠体重明显增加,TC、TG、LDL-C含量显著升高,HDL-C、CGRP含量显著降低（P〈0.01或0.05）;与B组比较,C、D组大鼠体重、TC、TG、LDL-C含量显著降低,CGRP含量升高。结论：电针丰隆穴或药物治疗均对高脂血症大鼠具有良性调节作用,其中普伐他汀钠升高HDL-C,电针丰隆穴则对HDL-C调节作用有限。     

Lipid plasma concentrations of HDL subclasses determined by enzymatic staining on polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels in children with metabolic syndrome

BackgroundThe antiatherogenic role of different HDL subclasses is still controversial. HDL particles of the same size can have different lipid contents in some physiopathological situations. However, little is known about the plasma lipid levels of HDL subclasses when they are separated by their hydrodynamic diameter.MethodsTriglycerides (Tg), phosphatidylcholine (Ph), and cholesterol (C) plasma concentrations of HDL subclasses, were determined by enzymatic staining on polyacrylamide gradient gel (PAGE) in 50 pediatric patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), and 50 control children paired by age and gender. Proteins of HDL subclasses were also stained for the assessment of the relative size distribution of HDL.ResultsRelative HDL size distribution was shifted to small particles in MS pediatric patients when determined per protein. In contrast, cholesterol plasma concentrations corresponding to the HDL2b, 2a, 3a, and 3b subclasses were decreased; triglycerides of HDL3b and 3c, as well as plasma phospholipids from HDL3c, were elevated in MS patients as compared to controls. The C-to-Ph ratio, considered as indicative of HDL composition, was similar among the 5 HDL subclasses in control subjects, whereas this ratio gradually decreased from large HDL2b to small HDL3c in the MS group. Cholesterol plasma concentrations of HDL subclasses correlated with the components of the MS.ConclusionsLipids of HDL subclasses provide more and accurate information than the relative HDL size distribution determined by protein staining, and may contribute to understand better HDL metabolism and the coronary risk associated to these lipoproteins.