白藜芦醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流的影响

目的 研究白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES)对豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流(INa)的影响,探讨其心肌保护机制.方法 用全细胞膜片钳技术记录RES对单个心室肌细胞INa的作用.结果 RES(10,30,100 μmol·L-1)浓度依赖性的抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞INa,其中30 μmol·L-1对INa的抑制率为(17.3±3.1)%(P<0.005),100 μmol·L-1抑制率(52.7±10.2)%(P<0.01),抑制作用迅速,用药后3 min左右即开始起效,洗脱后均可以完全恢复;100 μmol·L-1使半数最大失活电压(V1/2)由(-89.3±2.0)mV变化到(-100.7±3.3)mV(P<0.005),RES未改变S和半数最大激活电压(V1/2).结论 RES浓度依赖性的抑制INa,作用出现快,并且可逆.     

赛庚啶对豚鼠心室肌细胞钙电流的影响

应用全细胞记录式膜片钳技术研究了赛庚啶(Cyp)对豚鼠心室肌细胞慢钙电流(I_(Ca))的影响,Cyp 3和8μmol·L~1对I_(Ca)的电流-电压关系曲线(I-V曲线)之各电流均有降低作用,使I-V曲线上抬;在指令电位0 mV时,I_(Ca)为次最大值,Cyp 0.3～10μmol·L~1使该I_(Ca)呈浓度依赖性降低,IC_(50)值为1.98μmol·L~1,还观察到Cyp 1μmol·L~1明显增加外向电流(I_(out)),且四乙基铵(TEA)1 mmol·L~1对其有显著的拮抗作用,但对控制电位从80 mV跃升至-40 mV时所出现的瞬时快内向电流,无明显影响.以上结果直接证明了Cyp对心室肌细胞钙跨膜转运有明显降低作用,还可能增加钾外流。     

乙醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞钙钠离子通道电流的影响

目的：观察乙醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙离子通道电流（IGLL）和电压依赖性钠离子通道电流（INa）的影响，并探讨两者在乙醇致心肌损伤中的意义。方法：采用蛋白酶消化的成年豚鼠单个心室肌细胞及膜片钳全细胞技术，记录不同浓度乙醇对ICal.和INa的作用。结果：（1）乙醇抑制ICaL峰值，24mmol/L和240mmol/L乙醇抑制率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）24、80、240mmol／L乙醇使ICaL的电流-电压（I-V）曲线上移，在各测试电压下，电流均减小，但不影响曲线形状，用乙醇后最大激活电压仍在0mV左右。（3）24mmol／L乙醇基本不影响I、峰值，80、240mm01]L乙醇抑制I。峰值，与24mmol／L乙醇的抑制率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（4）24mmol／L乙醇对INa的I-V曲线无明显影响。80、240mmol／L乙醇使INa的I-V曲线上移，在各测试电压下，电流均减小，曲线形状无明显改变，用药后最大激活电压仍在-30mV左右。结论：致毒浓度（24mmol／L）的乙醇对ICal.具有明显抑制作用，可导致心肌产生负性肌力作用，动作电位时程缩短，诱发心律失常。但致毒浓度（24mmol／L）的乙醇不影响INa，而致死浓度（80mmol／L）对INa有明显抑制作用。     

藻酸双酯钠对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位及L-型钙电流的影响

目的　研究藻酸双酯钠 (PSS)对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和L 型钙电流的影响。方法　采用全细胞膜片钳记录技术。结果　PSS明显缩短动作电位时程 (APD) ,5 0、10 0和 2 0 0mg·L-1浓度 ,分别使APD90 缩短 2 4 9% (P <0 0 5 ,n=6 )、37 7%和 4 7 7% (P <0 0 1,n =6 ) ,使APD50 缩短2 1 1% (P <0 0 5 ,n =6 )、4 5 0 %和 6 3 2 % (P <0 0 1,n =6 ) ,呈明显的剂量依赖关系。PSS浓度依赖性减小L 型钙电流 (Ica L) ,5 0、10 0和 2 0 0mg·L-1浓度 ,分别使其峰值降低34 3% (P <0 0 5 ,n =6 )、5 8 4 %和 74 9% (P <0 0 1,n =6 )。随着PSS浓度的增加 ,L 型钙电流的I U曲线逐渐上移 ,但其最大激活电压保持为 0mV不变。结论　PSS明显缩短APD ,抑制Ica L,且呈浓度依赖关系     

绞股蓝总皂甙对单个豚鼠心室肌细胞的钙、钠、钾电流及动作电位的影响

目的研究绞股蓝总皂甙（ＧＰ）对成年豚鼠单个心室肌细胞的动作电位（ＡＰ）、Ｌ－型钙通道电流（ＩＣａ）、快钠通道电流（ＩＮａ）以及内向整流钾通道电流（ＩＫ１）的影响。方法膜片钳全细胞记录。结果５０ｍｇＬ－１ＧＰ能使动作电位时程（ＡＰＤ９０）由给药前的（７０８±２４）ｍｓ缩短到给药后的（３９６±１６）ｍｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１），抑制率５８．１％，动作电位幅值（ＡＰＡ）由给药前的（１２１±７．２）ｍＶ降到给药后的（８６±８．６）ｍＶ（Ｐ＜０．０１），抑制率２４．１％，静息膜电位无明显影响；５～５０ｍｇＬ－１的ＧＰ能浓度依赖性阻滞ＩＣａ和ＩＮａ，但对ＩＫ１无明显影响。结论ＧＰ对缺血心肌的保护作用在于减少“钙超载”和抑制异常兴奋性的产生。     

红花黄素对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞动作电位和钙电流的影响

目的　观察红花黄素对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞动作电位和钙电流的影响。方法　采用膜片钳全细胞式记录技术。结果　红花黄素（３３ μｇ· Ｌ－ １） 能延长单个心室肌细胞动作电位时程,由（３５９３３ ±２７１８） ｍｓ 延长至（４１３３３ ±６１８８）ｍｓ（ Ｐ＜ ００５ ,ｎ ＝ ６） 。同时增加内向 Ｌ 型钙电流的峰值,由（ － １０２１ ±７４） ｐ Ａ 至（ － １４３６ ±２１２） ｐ Ａ（ Ｐ＜ ００５ ,ｎ ＝ ７） 。结论　由于红花黄素具有上述电生理作用,可用于心力衰竭和快速性心律失常的治疗     

花生四烯酸对兔心室肌细胞电压门控钠通道的影响

目的研究花生四烯酸(AA)对兔心室肌细胞电压门控钠通道(VGSC)的影响。方法酶解法分离兔心室肌细胞,采用标准全细胞膜片钳技术记录电压门控钠通道电流(INa)。结果AA可浓度依赖性抑制INa,使INa的I-U曲线上移,但其激活电位、电位峰值和反转电位保持不变;AA使INa稳态失活曲线左移,恢复曲线右移;但对INa的抑制作用不具有明显的频率依赖性。结论AA对INa具有浓度依赖性抑制作用,主要是通过抑制失活和失活后恢复过程而发挥作用。因此AA对INa的抑制作用可能是AA抗心律失常,保护心肌的作用机制之一。     

双苯氟嗪对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-钙电流的影响

目的:观察双苯氟嗪(Dip)对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙电流(I_(Ca-L))的影响。方法:酶解法制备单个心室肌细胞。应用全细胞膜片箝技术记录豚鼠单个心室肌细胞钙电流。结果:在0.3-30μmol/L范围内,Dip可浓度依赖性地降低电压依赖性激活I_(Ca-L)峰值,被Dip 3μmol/L所抑制的I_(Ca-L)在冲洗5min后可得到部份恢复。但Dip对I_(Ca-L)的电压依赖特征,最大激活电压,以及I_(Ca-L)稳态激活无明显影响。在Dip3μmol/L存在下,半数激活电压(V_(0.5))和斜率参数(к)与对照组相比,差异均无显著性。V_(0.5)分别为(-12.8±1.7)mV和(-13.2±2.4)mV,к分别为(7.1±0.4)mV和(7.5±0.5)mV(P>0.05)。Dip3μmol/L可明显使钙电流稳态失活曲线左移,加速钙通道电压依赖性稳态失活。V_(0.5)分别为(-19.7±2.4)mV和(-31±6)mV,к分别为(3.6±0.3)mV和(1.8±0.2)mV(P<0.05).Dip 3μmol/L还使I_(Ca-L)从失活状态下的恢复明显减慢。结论:Dip主要作用于L-型钙通道的失活状态,加速钙通道失活,并使其从失活状态下恢复减慢,从而抑制I_(Ca-L)。     

17β-雌二醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流的抑制作用

目的观察17β-雌二醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流的影响及其与雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)的关系。方法酶机械法分离豚鼠单个心室肌细胞;膜片钳全细胞模式观察17β-雌二醇对单个心室肌细胞L型钙电流(ICa-L)的影响,并通过加入雌激素受体阻断剂tamoxifen(TAM)研究该作用与雌激素受体的关系。结果 17β-雌二醇(10-9～10-7mol.L-1)使ICa-L峰电流密度值从(-3.5±0.6)pA.pF-1分别减少至(-2.4±0.3)pA.pF-1、(-1.9±0.3)pA.pF-1和(-1.1±0.3)pA.pF-1(与对照组比较,均为P<0.01,n=5)。TAM(10-7 mol.L-1)预处理后,17β-雌二醇(10-7mol.L-1)使ICa-L峰电流密度值从(-3.5±0.6)pA.pF-1减少到(-1.0±0.2)pA.pF-1(与对照组比较,P<0.01,n=5),与未应用TAM(10-7 mol.L-1)预处理时比较,ICa-L峰电流密度值无变化(P>0.05,n=5)。结论 17β-雌二醇抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞ICa-L的作用呈浓度依赖性,雌激素受体阻断剂TAM不能阻断17β-雌二醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞ICa-L的抑制作用,提示17β-雌二醇对ICa-L的抑制作用可能与ER作用无关。     

银杏叶提取物对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位及L型钙离子通道的影响

目的 :观察银杏叶提取物 (EGB)对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和L 型钙通道的影响。方法 :采用全细胞膜片钳技术的电流钳记录动作电位和电压钳记录L 型钙离子通道电流 (ICa L)。结果 :银杏叶提取物 (原液含银杏黄酮甙 0 .80 4g·L-1,银杏内酯0 .0 6g·L-1)明显缩短心室肌细胞动作电位时程(APD) ,1 80 0稀释液致APD90 缩短 13% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,1 2 0 0稀释液致APD90 缩短 2 3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;银杏叶提取物对心肌细胞L 型钙离子通道的开放有抑制作用 ,在 1 80 0时ICa L 峰值降低 15 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,1 2 0 0时ICa L峰值降低 4 2 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,均呈浓度依赖性 ,随着药物浓度的增加 ,I V关系曲线逐渐上移 ,但出现电流峰值的电压不变。结论 :银杏叶提取物能明显缩短APD ,抑制心肌细胞钙离子通道的开放 ,具有明显的浓度依赖关系 ,可能是其抗心律失常的分子基础。     

苯丙-甲硫-精-苯丙氨酸多肽对豚鼠心室肌细胞Na~+/Ca~(2+)交换尾电流的影响

目的　研究苯丙 -甲硫 -精 -苯丙氨酸 (FMRFa)多肽对心肌细胞膜钙瞬变触发的 Na+ / Ca2 + 交换尾电流的影响。方法　采用蛋白酶 E急性分离的豚鼠心室肌细胞。利用全细胞膜片钳技术观察 FMRFa多肽对心肌细胞膜 Na+ / Ca2 + 交换尾电流的作用。结果　 FMRFa多肽 1、5、10、2 0μm可分别抑制 Na+ / Ca2 + 交换尾电流(13± 3) % ,(2 5± 7) % ,(73± 9) %和 (110± 10 ) %。结论　 FMRFa多肽可剂量依赖性地抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞膜钙瞬变触发的 Na+ / Ca2 +交换尾电流     

Blocking effect of bepridil on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current in guinea pig cardiac ventricular myocytes

We examined the effect of bepridil, a class IV antiarrhythmic drug, on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (I(NCX)) in single guinea pig cardiac ventricular cells using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique. I(NCX) was recorded by ramp pulses from the holding potential of -60 mV in the presence of 140 mM Na+ and 1 mM Ca2+ in the external solution and 20 mM Na+ and 119 nM free Ca2+ (7 mM Ca2+ and 20 mM BAPTA) in the internal solution. Bepridil suppressed I(NCX) in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 value was 8.1 microM with a Hill coefficient of 0.8. Intracellular treatment with trypsin via the pipette solution attenuated the blocking effect of bepridil, suggesting that the inhibitory site is on the cytosolic side of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. In the absence of albumin in the external solution, 10 microM bepridil inhibited I(NCX) by 46+/-7% (n = 8), while bepridil blocked it by 28+/-8% (n = 6) in the presence of albumin. Bepridil inhibited I(NCX) in a supra-therapeutic concentration range.     

去甲肾上腺素和异丙肾上腺素对豚鼠离体心室肌细胞Na^＋／Ca^＋交？…

目的：研究去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）和异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ）对Ｎａ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾２＋交换电流的影响及受体调控机制。方法：应用全细胞电压钳技术的斜坡脉冲程序，测定离体豚鼠心肌细胞准稳态电流－电太关系曲线。结果：ＮＥ０．００５，０．０５和μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１分别使膜电位＋５０ｍＶ时的Ｎｉ＾２＋敏感电流增加２９％±９％，７２％±１１％和１２０％±３１％；Ｉｓｏ１．５，１５０和１５００ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１分别使该电     

六肽FRCRSFa对大鼠心室肌Na^＋／Ca^＋交换的抑制

AIM: To study the effect of Phe-Arg-Cys-Arg-Ser-Phe-CONH2 (FRCRSFa) on Na+/Ca2+ exchange and its specificity in rat ventricular myocytes. METHODS: Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INa+/Ca2+) and other currents were measured using whole-cell voltage clamp technique. RESULTS: A concentration-dependent inhibition of hexapeptide FRCRSFa on Na +/Ca2+ exchange was observed in rat ventricular myocytes. IC50 of inward and outward INa+/Ca2+ were 2 and 4 micromol/L, respectively. FRCRSFa 5 micromol/L did not affect L-type Ca2+ current, voltage-gated Na+ current, transient outward K+ current, and inward rectifier K+ current. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that FRCRSFa is an available inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchange with relative selectivity and m ay be valuable for studies of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange in cardiac myocytes.     

Characterization of SN-6, a novel Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor in guinea pig cardiac ventricular myocytes

We examined the effect of SN-6, a new benzyloxyphenyl Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) inhibitor on the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current (I(NCX)) and other membrane currents in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. SN-6 suppressed I(NCX) in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC(50) values of SN-6 were 2.3 microM and 1.9 microM for the outward and inward components of the bi-directional I(NCX), respectively. On the other hand, SN-6 suppressed the outward uni-directional I(NCX) more potently (IC(50) value of 0.6 microM) than the inward uni-directional I(NCX). SN-6 at 10 microM inhibited the uni-directional inward I(NCX) by only 22.4+/-3.1%. SN-6 and KB-R7943 suppressed I(NCX) more potently when intracellular Na(+) concentration was higher. Thus, both drugs inhibit NCX in an intracellular Na(+) concentration-dependent manner. Intracellular application of trypsin via a pipette solution did not change the blocking effect of SN-6 on I(NCX). Therefore, SN-6 is categorized as an intracellular-trypsin-insensitive NCX inhibitor. SN-6 at 10 microM inhibited I(Na), I(Ca), I(K) and I(K1) by about 13%, 34%, 33% and 13%, respectively. SN-6 at 10 microM shortened the action potential duration at 50% repolarization (APD(50)) by about 34%, and that at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) by about 25%. These results indicate that SN-6 inhibits NCX in a similar manner to that of KB-R7943. However, SN-6 at 10 microM affected other membrane currents less potently than KB-R7943.     

Chronic administration of amiodarone does not affect Na+/Ca2+ exchange current in guinea pig cardiac ventricular myocytes

We investigated chronic effects of amiodarone on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INCX) and on the level of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) mRNA in guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell clamp technique and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. Guinea pigs were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg per day of amiodarone or the vehicle (saline) for 1 or 4 weeks. Single ventricular cells were isolated from the hearts of both groups of animals. Action potential duration at 90% repolarization level was prolonged to 143% and 165% of the control values by treatment with amiodarone for 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. INCX density and the level of NCX1 mRNA were not significantly changed by chronic treatment with amiodarone. The level of thyroid hormone (T4) within the blood was not changed by the treatments. These results suggest that chronic treatment with amiodarone does not affect the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, with respect to the level of its mRNA and current density in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.     

Inhibitory effect of aprindine on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular myocytes

1. Using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique, the effect of aprindine on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (I(NCX)) was examined in guinea-pig single cardiac ventricular myocytes and CCL39 fibroblasts expressing a dog cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1). 2. I(NCX) was recorded by ramp pulses from the holding potential of -60 mV with the external solution containing 140 mM Na+ and 1 mM Ca2+, and the pipette solution containing 20 mM Na+, 20 mM BAPTA and 13 mM Ca2+ (433 nM free Ca2+). 3. External application of aprindine suppressed I(NCX) in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of outward (measured at 50 mV) and inward (measured at -100 mV) I(NCX) components were 48.8 and 51.8 microM with Hill coefficients of 1.3 and 1, respectively. 4. Intracellular application of trypsin via the pipette solution did not change the blocking effect of aprindine, suggesting that aprindine does not affect the exchanger from the cytoplasmic side. 5. Aprindine inhibited I(NCX) of a mutant NCX1 with a deletion of amino acids 247 - 671 in the large intracellular domain between the transmembrane segments 5 and 6 in a similar manner to that of the wild-type, suggesting that the site of aprindine inhibition is not in the large intracellular domain of NCX1. 6. A kinetic study indicated that aprindine was cooperatively competitive with KB-R7943, another inhibitor of NCX and that aprindine was a competitive inhibitor with respect to external Ca2+. 7. We conclude that aprindine may modestly inhibit I(NCX) in a therapeutic range of concentrations (around 2.5 approximately 6.9 microM) possibly at an external or intra-membranous site of the exchanger.     

Amiloride and KB-R7943 in outward Na+ /Ca2+ exchange current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes

The reverse mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchange represents an important pathway in inducing Ca2+ overload during ischemia and reperfusion. The inhibitory effects of amiloride and KB-R7943 on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INa/Ca) were investigated in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used under bidirectional ionic conditions and 25 mM of Na+ in pipette solution. At +50 mV, amiloride 10, 30, and 100 microM inhibited the outward INa/Ca by 15, 23, and 41%, respectively; at -80 mV, it inhibited inward INa/Ca by 6, 15, and 23%, respectively. Its inhibitory effect on outward INa/Ca was greater than that on inward INa/Ca. At +50 mV, KB-R7943 1 and 10 microM inhibited the outward INa/Ca by 29 and 61%, respectively; at -80 mV, it inhibited inward INa/Ca by 22 and 57%, respectively. KB-R7943 inhibited both directions of the exchange current with an equal potency. The data suggest that KB-R7943 is not a selective inhibitor on reverse mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchange.     

Class III anti-arrhythmia drug E-4031 potentiates Na+/Ca2+ exchange current in rat ventricular myocytes

AIM: To study the effects of E-4031 on the Na+/Ca2+ exchange currents (INa/Ca). METHODS: The quasi-steady state current-voltage relationship from the isolated rat ventricular myocytes was measured using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques with a ramp pulse protocol. RESULTS: At potential of mV, E-4031 5, 10, and 20 mumol.L-1 increased Ni(2+)-sensitive current from (0.48 +/- 0.12), to (0.78 +/- 0.20), (0.96 +/- 0.16), and (1.15 +/- 0.13) pA/pF, respectively; tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) 50 nmol.L-1 increased Ni(2+)-sensitive current from (0.60 +/- 0.16) to (1.33 +/- 0.25) pA/pF. Tamoxifen 20 mumol.L-1 completely prevented the current changes induced by E-4031 and TPA. CONCLUSION: E-4031 stimulates the Na+/Ca2+ exchange via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.     

Acidic preconditioning inhibits Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger interaction via PKCepsilon in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes

An interaction between the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) induces reperfusion injury. We investigated the effect of brief repetitive acidosis as acidic preconditioning on NCX and NHE interaction during recovery from acidosis. NCX current with the reversal potential was measured in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell voltage clamp. The cells were exposed to 5 min of acidosis preceded by two episodes of brief acidosis as acidic preconditioning. Acidosis inhibited NCX current and upon recovery shifted its reversal potential in the negative direction. The shift was prevented by cariporide, but was augmented by a high concentration of phorbol 13-myristate acetate (PMA). Acidic preconditioning prevented the shift, but not in the presence of a selective PKCepsilon inhibitor. A low concentration of PMA, which activates PKCepsilon selectively, prevented the shift, but together with PKCepsilon inhibitor (epsilonV1-2) restored the shift during recovery. 5-Hydroxydecanoate inhibited the effects of acidic preconditioning and those of both low and high concentrations of PMA. The negative shift of NCX reversal potential during recovery from acidosis may be due to [Na(+)](i) accumulation by the NHE. Acidic preconditioning prevented the shift most likely by activating PKCepsilon, which in turn inhibited the NHE. The NHE-NCX interaction may be one of the important end-effectors of preconditioning.