孤立性纤维性肿瘤临床病理分析

目的 探讨孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床及病理形态特征,免疫组化特点,提高对该病的认识.方法 结合文献对3例孤立性纤维性肿瘤的组织学、免疫组化特点进行分析.结果 3例孤立性纤维性肿瘤分别发生于左上腹、前上纵隔,右后纵隔,临床表现为肿块明显增大或有压迫所致的症状.光镜下形态多变,由富含胶原的细胞稀少的纤维样区至富于细胞区,分支状的血管外皮瘤样结构,可见黏液变,脂肪细胞形成.免疫表型:波形蛋白(Vimentin),CD34,CD99,bcl-2均为阳性;S-l00,结蛋白(desmin),平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA),上皮膜抗原(EMA)均阴性.结论 孤立性纤维性肿瘤是一组形态多样,无特殊组织构型及有多少不一胶原纤维的梭形细胞肿瘤,其特殊的免疫表型,有助于对该病的诊断,但孤立性纤维性肿瘤的确诊必须结合组织形态和免疫组化共同完成.     

肺孤立性纤维性肿瘤肉瘤变一例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨肺孤立性纤维性肿瘤(SFT)肉瘤变的临床病理学特征、诊断与鉴别诊断以及治疗和预后。方法:对1例肺SFT伴肉瘤变的标本进行临床病理学观察,并结合国内外文献进行复习。结果:患者男,57岁。因畏寒、发热2个月余,干咳10余天入院,胸部CT示左下肺病灶,体积9.5 cm×6.3 cm×5.5 cm,境界清楚。术中见肿瘤位于左下肺脏层胸膜下,表面光滑,质地较硬。镜检:肿瘤大部分区域由梭形细胞、大片玻璃样变的胶原和分支状血管构成,瘤细胞围绕血管周围排列成血管外皮瘤样,部分区域细胞丰富、密集,异型明显,病理性核分裂象>4/10HPF,并见坏死。免疫组织化学检查示,Vimentin+++、CD34++、CD99+++、Bcl-2++、CD117-、Des-、SMA-、S-100-、CKpan-,Ki-67增殖指数细胞密集区高达50%。病理诊断为肺SFT伴局部肉瘤变。术后随访16个月,一般状况良好。结论:SFT肉瘤变确诊依靠病理组织形态学和免疫组织化学检查,并应与肺部其他恶性间叶源性肿瘤进行鉴别。     

乳腺血管外皮瘤/孤立性纤维性肿瘤临床病理观察

目的探讨乳腺血管外皮瘤/孤立性纤维性肿瘤(HPC/SFT)的病理学特点、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对1例乳腺HPC/SFT进行临床病理、组织形态、免疫组化染色进行观察并复习文献。结果该病组织学特点为血管丰富,呈分支状,瘤细胞围绕血管呈放射状或弥漫排列,瘤细胞呈圆形、椭圆形和梭形,细胞界限不清。免疫组化染色vimentin、CD34、CD99和bcl-2均(+)。结论 HPC/SFT是少见的软组织肿瘤,发生在乳腺更为罕见,预后好。应根据形态学特点,结合免疫组化结果鉴别。     

眼眶孤立性纤维性肿瘤4例临床病理分析

目的探讨眼眶孤立性纤维性肿瘤(SFT)的诊断、鉴别诊断及预后。方法结合文献对4例眼眶SFT的临床资料、病理学形态及免疫表型进行分析并随访。结果 4例眼眶SFT均为男性,平均年龄为46岁(37～57岁);左眼2例,右眼2例;主要临床表现为眼球突出及视力下降。光镜下SFT主要由梭形和类圆形细胞组成,呈无结构性生长,部分排列成束状、车辐状、席纹状等结构,间质有多少不等的胶原纤维沉积,密集细胞区和稀疏细胞区交替分布。免疫组化:肿瘤细胞CD34和vimentin均(+),2例bcl-2和CD99(+)。随访1例3年后再次复发,1例远处转移并死亡。结论眼眶SFT是一种少见的具有形态多样、无特殊组织构型及多少不等胶原纤维特征的间叶性肿瘤,对其确诊必需结合临床特征、病理形态及免疫表型,且需与眼眶其他软组织肿瘤相鉴别。SFT的生物学行为难以预料,肿瘤的形态与生物学行为不相关。肿瘤完整切除是预后良好的因素,对所有的SFT必须进行长期随访。     

肾原发性孤立性纤维性肿瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨原发于肾的孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床病理特点及鉴别诊断要点.方法 复习2例肾孤立性纤维性肿瘤患者的临床资料,并对其进行组织学观察和免疫组化标记.结果 2例肾原发性孤立性纤维性肿瘤患者均为女性,年龄分别为33岁和63岁.临床主要表现为肾区钝痛,无尿频、尿急、尿痛,无血尿.CT检查示肾占位.组织学特征为瘤组织呈束状、波纹状排列,瘤细胞呈梭形,局部富于瘤细胞,间质血管丰富,部分呈血管瘤样或血管外皮瘤样结构,有明显的束状胶原.免疫表型：瘤细胞CD34、CD99和bcl-2（＋）,SMA局灶性（＋）;而HMB45和CD10（-）.结论 孤立性纤维性肿瘤具有低度恶性潜能,发生在肾极少见,以手术治疗为主,预后较好.确诊主要依靠组织病理学,并辅以免疫组化标记.     

眼眶孤立性纤维性肿瘤2例报道CSCD

孤立性纤维性肿瘤（solitary fibrous tumor,SFT）是一种少见的间叶性肿瘤,可发生于身体的各个部位。该肿瘤可能是成纤维细胞类型,有一个显著的特征,即具有血管瘤样的分支状血管。形态学上,胸膜外SFT与血管外皮瘤非常类似。眼眶是该肿瘤胸膜外发病较少见的部位之一,本文分析2例眼眶SFT,对其进行组织学和免疫组化观察,并结合文献探讨其临床病理特征和鉴别诊断。     

软组织孤立性纤维性肿瘤（SFT）2例报道及文献复习

目的探讨孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床病理覆免疫组化特征，鉴别要点．方法报道2例软组织孤立性纤维性肿瘤，结合对本稿的临床病理特点进行探讨．结果临床主要表现为肿块，有包膜，切面实性，灰白灰红，质硬．镜下见背部肿块肿瘤细胞为上皮样，细胞丰富肥胖及轻度异型增生，有小核仁，伴乳头样结构，找见个别核分裂相，血管丰富，有包膜：镜下见外阴部肿瘤为梭形细胞增生，血管丰富，胶原丰富呈瘢痕样．免疫组化标记显示：背部肿瘤细胞CD34（＋）、VIM（＋）、α-SMA（部分＋），S-100（＋）、CD31．F8、CK5／6、EMA，CAM5．2、bcl-2、D240均为（-）；外阴部肿瘤细胞Actin（-），CD34（＋）、S-100（＋）。结论背部及外阴部孤立性纤维性肿瘤少见，目前认为SFT有浸润性生物学潜能，约10％-20％表现为恶性生物学行为，应完整切除肿瘤，切缘必须切除干净．     

外阴非典型孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床病理观察

<正>孤立性纤维性肿瘤(solitary fibrous tumors,SFTs)是好发于胸膜的纤维母细胞性肿瘤,瘤细胞具有CD34+树突状间质细胞分化,遗传学显示12q重排,形成NAB2-STAT6融合基因^[1]。临床多呈良性,恶性及交界性SFT较少见。发生于外阴部位的的非典型SFTs是一种少见形态的肿瘤。本文报告1例具有详细临床病理资料的外阴SFTs。本文现报道1例发生于外阴的非典型孤立性纤维性肿瘤(atypical solitary fibrous tumors,ASFTs)并复习相关文献,探讨其临床病理特征、影像学表现、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断等,旨在加深对该肿瘤的认识。     

6例恶性孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床病理特征

回顾性分析6例恶性孤立性纤维性肿瘤(malignant solitar y f ibrous tumor,MSFT)的临床病理特征,其中男5例,女1例;年龄25~69(中位数42.17)岁,分别发生在前额、膝部、大腿、锁骨上及胸腹壁,肿瘤直径1.8~24.5 cm。组织学特点:瘤细胞丰富密集,其间可见绳索样、玻璃样变胶原纤维分隔,瘤细胞呈短梭形、梭形,异型性明显,核分裂易见(≥4/10 HPF),瘤细胞呈束状、漩涡状排列,部分区域可见血管外皮瘤样结构,局灶可见出血或肿瘤性坏死。肿瘤部分区域可见浸润性边缘。免疫组织化学特点:6例均弥漫表达波形蛋白(Vimentin),STAT6,CD34,Bcl-2和CD99,1例的孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)局灶阳性,6例的Ki-67为2%~60%(+)。S100,AE1/AE3,EMA,CD117,SOX10,Desmin,平滑肌肌动蛋白(smooth muscle actin,SMA),雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)均阴性。MSFT的确诊主要依赖组织学的形态特征和免疫组织化学染色。形态学非常温和良善的SFT也可能有侵袭性生物学行为,临床上应尽早完整切除肿物并对孤立性纤维性肿瘤(solitar y fibrous tumor,SFT)长期随访,注意恶变的可能性。手术切除的完整性以及必要的放/化疗、靶向药物治疗等对预后非常重要。     

恶性成脂性孤立性纤维性肿瘤(脂肪瘤样血管外皮瘤):14例临床病理分析(英)

成脂性孤立性纤维性肿瘤(SFT)是一种罕见的SFT变型。大多数成脂性SFT为良性,少数表现恶性组织学特征。为了描述此类肿瘤的特征,本文报道14例组织学恶性的成脂性孤立性纤维性肿瘤。其中女性和男性各7例,年龄20～93岁,平均57     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.