肝吸虫病的CT表现特征

目的 :分析肝吸虫病导致肝胆管病变的CT表现特征。方法 :回顾性分析 12 8例肝吸虫病患者CT表现及临床资料。结果 :CT主要表现为肝边缘部小胆管小囊状、细枝状扩张 ( 65例 ) ;近肝门侧胆管树枝状扩张 ( 4 1例 ) ;肝实质结节或小斑片低密度灶 ( 6例 ) ;胆囊内条片状软组织影 ( 1例 )。结论 :肝边缘部细枝状、小囊状扩张为肝吸虫病CT表现特征 ;肝内结节、斑片低密度灶可能与炎性肉芽肿及胆管周围炎有关。肝吸虫病具有特征性CT表现 ,CT是肝吸虫病早期诊断有效的检查方法。     

Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma and clonorchiasis: CT findings

Sixteen patients with peripheral cholangiocarcinoma of the liver were examined with computed tomography (CT). None of the 16 patients presented with jaundice or had documented cirrhosis. On scans obtained both before and after the injection of contrast material, the tumors were depicted as low-attenuation masses in all cases, with wide variations in homogeneity. The tumor margin was irregular in 12 cases, and there was minimal contrast enhancement of the tumor in 14 cases. In 11 (69%) patients, CT demonstrated masses of markedly low attenuation, which corresponded to areas of diffuse microcystic change seen at histologic examination of resected specimens. In ten (63%) patients, the results of stool or intradermal tests for Clonorchis sinensis were positive. In all ten cases of clonorchiasis, mild, diffuse dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts was seen in addition to the low-attenuation masses, but there was no dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary tree. In five of the ten patients with clonorchiasis, stippled or aggregated, powderlike areas of high attenuation were seen on precontrast CT scans; at pathologic examination, those areas were found to be mucin. Extrahepatic metastases were demonstrated in ten (63%) patients. Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma should be the primary diagnostic consideration when these characteristic CT findings are detected in a noncirrhotic patient.     

Radiologic findings of clonorchiasis

Clonorchiasis is a trematodiasis caused by chronic infestation of liver flukes, Clonorchis sinensis. The adult flukes reside in the medium-sized and small intrahepatic bile ducts and, occasionally, in the extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreatic duct. The result is mechanical obstruction, inflammatory reaction, adenomatous hyperplasia, and periductal fibrosis. Signs and symptoms are usually mild and nonspecific, but heavy infestation results in obstructive jaundice. The disease has a close relationship with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. In this article, the radiologic findings, including cholangiography, sonography, and CT of clonorchiasis are reviewed in light of the pathophysiology of the disease. The relationship to recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and to cholangiocarcinoma is discussed.     

Experimental clonorchiasis in dogs: CT findings before and after treatment

PURPOSE: To determine whether disease activity in clonorchiasis can be assessed with dynamic computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten dogs infected with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis underwent serial dynamic CT examinations. Five dogs were sacrificed 14 weeks after infection, and another five infected dogs were treated with praziquantel at the 14th week and continued to undergo CT examinations until death or sacrifice at the 25th (n = 1) or 40th week (n = 4). CT images were evaluated for dilatation of the bile ducts, contrast enhancement of bile duct walls and adjacent hepatic parenchyma, visualization of flukes within the bile ducts, and presence of calcifications. Changes in CT findings were analyzed statistically by using a mixed linear model and a generalized estimating equations model. RESULTS: Dilatation of the bile ducts, contrast enhancement of the ductal walls, transient hepatic attenuation differences, and flukes per se were observed at CT from the 2nd through the 5th week, were most apparent between the 5th and 13th weeks, and disappeared or decreased markedly in degree after treatment in all dogs (P <.05). Nodular calcifications were observed at CT after treatment in two dogs. Histopathologic examination revealed proliferation and enlargement of arteries in the periductal area and the portal tracts and congestion of hepatic sinusoids during the acute phase. Treatment was associated with periductal hyalinization, degeneration of the periductal arteries, and calcification of the ductal epithelium. CONCLUSION: Disease activity in experimental canine clonorchiasis can be assessed with dynamic CT.     

肝华支睾吸虫病的CT表现

目的:探讨肝吸虫病的CT表现和诊断价值.方法:对经临床证实的肝吸虫病156例的CT表现进行分析和总结.结果:156例患者CT均表现为肝内胆管呈囊状及杵状扩张,特别是肝脏边缘部明显,胆总管无扩张.扩张胆管内见虫体呈点状软组织影58例.胆囊内见虫体软组织沉积43例,合并胆囊结石51例,合并胆管炎32例,并发肝脓肿8例.合并胆管癌8例.结论:肝吸虫病CT表现具有特征性,结合实验室检查可明确诊断.所以CT对肝吸虫病的诊治具有重要作用.     

肝华支睾吸虫病多层螺旋CT 表现的研究

目的：探讨肝华支睾吸虫病的多层螺旋C T表现。方法对经临床证实的65例肝华支睾吸虫病的多层螺旋C T表现进行分析总结。结果65例肝华支睾吸虫病均有肝内胆管呈囊状及杵状扩张,其中38例肝华支睾吸虫病扩张胆管内可见点状软组织密度虫体影,占58％（38/65）,13例胆囊内见点片状沉积物样及团状虫体影,占20％（13/65）。合并胆管结石6例,占9．2％（6/65）。合并胆囊结石8例,占12．3％（8/65）。合并胆管炎8例,占12．3％（8/65）。合并胆囊炎5例,占7．6％（5/65）。合并肝脓肿3例,占4．6％（3/65）。65例胆总管均未见扩张。多平面重建可更仔细的观察肝胆管扩张情况。结论肝内胆管呈囊状及杵状扩张,而胆总管无扩张是肝华支睾吸虫病的特征性CT表现。扩张胆管内点状及胆囊内沉积物样或团状虫体影,是肝华支睾吸虫病的特异征象。多平面重组可更细致观察肝胆管扩张情况和细节,结合实验室检查,可以做出准确的诊断。     

CT findings of BALTOMA

OBJECTIVE: To review the CT findings of BALTOMA, a low-grade malignant lymphoma originating from bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). METHODS: The CT findings, symptoms, and clinical courses of BALTOMA in five patients were reviewed. The specimens obtained at operation were investigated, and the pathological findings were compared with the CT findings. RESULTS: There were no symptoms in four patients and normal laboratory data in all patients. One patient who complained of general malaise underwent surgery under suspicion of lung carcinoma. Four patients were observed from 4 months to 7 years and 1 month under the diagnosis of organizing pneumonia or chronic inflammatory processes. On CT images a localized lesion was seen in four cases, while multiple lesions were seen in one case. Attenuation of the lesions was between 39.15 and 60 HU on nonenhanced CT. Lesions were homogeneously enhanced by contrast material. The margins of the lesion were clearly demarcated by interlobular septa in one portion and were unclear in the other portion in all cases. Air bronchograms were seen in four cases. CT angiogram signs were seen in three of four cases in which contrast study was performed. There was no lymphadenopathy, pleural changes, or invasion to other organs. The pathological investigation revealed small lymphocytes that showed monoclonality in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the CT findings of BALTOMA can help to avoid misinterpreting BALTOMA as chronic inflammation and/or lung carcinoma. When a slowly progressive chronic pneumonia is being followed up, transbronchial lung biopsy and immunoglobulin staining of lymphocytes should be recommended for the correct diagnosis.     

脑裂畸形的CT表现

目的：分析脑裂畸形的CT表现，以提高其CT正确诊断率。方法：回顾性分析17例脑裂畸形的CT资料。其中男11例，女6例，年龄8个月～29岁，其中10岁以下13例。结果：CT表现为横跨大脑半球的裂隙，其壁为异位灰质。本组单侧者14例，双侧者3例，共20个裂隙，10个为融合型，10个为开放型。12例伴透明隔缺如，伴胼胝体发育异常、广泛性巨脑回各1例，裂隙内端囊样扩张1例。结论：CT能很好地显示脑裂畸形及伴发畸形。     

CT findings in eclampsia

Summary Cranial CT was performed in five patients with eclampsia: densitometric modifications were present in all cases. Only one patient, who later died, displayed multiple foci of cerebral haemorrhage; all others presented bilateral, symmetrical, nonenhancing hypodensities with mass effect interpreted as cerebral oedema. At CT performed 7–14 days after interruption of the pregnancy, these characteristic hypodense lesions were no longer present while neurological symptoms disappeared.     

CT findings in hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma is the third most common intraabdominal malignant neoplasm in infants. Computed tomography of six patients with surgically proven hepatoblastoma was reviewed; abnormalities included large, diffuse, or multifocal liver masses with lower attenuation values than normal hepatic parenchyma after contrast enhancement. In three patients, areas of speckled or amorphous calcifications within the tumor were evident on CT, whereas calcification was present on conventional radiography in only one patient. In four of the six infants, CT demonstrated unresectable tumor by virtue of massive pansegmental involvement. Computed tomography is a useful tool for screening patients with suspected hepatoblastoma and for determining the anatomic extent of tumor and thus selecting a group of children for aggressive surgical excision.     

CT findings in melioidosis

CT findings in 5 patients with melioidosis were presented. Lungs lesions consisted of upper lobe infiltration with a small thin-walled cavity in 2 cases and lower lobe consolidation without cavity in another case. Pleural lesions may be seen as a small pleural nodule, effusion with associated lung lesion, hydropneumothorax as a complication or the end stage fibrothorax due to chronic empyema thoracis. In one case hepatosplenic microabscesses were observed.     

CT findings in hemitruncus

Origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital malformation resulting in a large left-to-right shunt through the right lung at systemic pressure. We report the CT findings in an adult with this anomaly. Computed tomography was diagnostic. The patient is the sixth adult with this condition reported in the literature.     

结核性腹膜炎的CT表现

目的 描述结核性腹膜炎（ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｕｓ ｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｉｔｉｓ,ＴＢＰ）的ＣＴ表现特点．方法 共１９例病理证实了的ＴＢＰ。主要观察以下ＣＴ表现：（１）腹膜增厚表现为污迹腹膜（１８例）、饼状大网膜（５例）和腹膜结节（３例）,这３种表现可单纯存在也可并存;（２）腹水１７例,其中高密度腹水（〉２０ＨＵ）４例,余为低密度腹水（〈２０ＨＵ）;（３）只有２例可见明确的腹腔淋巴结肿大,增强扫描无强化。结     

脊椎结核的CT表现

目的：探讨CT对脊椎结核的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析52例经手术、病理证实的脊椎结核CT表现，提出诊断和鉴别诊断要点。结果：脊椎结核的主要有CT表现有：骨质破坏、骨质硬化、死骨形成和椎旁软组织肿块或脓肿。碎裂型骨质破坏和椎旁软组织肿块或脓肿是脊椎结核的典型CT表现。结论：CT能对脊椎结核做出准确的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

肺真菌病的CT影像学表现的探讨

近年来由于广谱抗生素、免疫抑制剂、肾上腺皮质激素、细胞毒药物等的广泛使用,以及器官移植的日趋普及,真菌感染逐渐地增多。肺真菌病的致病菌繁多,不同菌种有不同的影像学表现,也有相似的影像学表现,特异性征像较少,常常因误诊为结核、其他菌种感染或漏诊而延误治疗,     

CT findings of malarial spleen

Malaria is one of the most frequent causes of fever among travellers to tropical countries. We report the CT imaging findings of poor contrast enhancement of the spleen on arterial phase in a case of malaria presenting as splenomegaly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of malarial spleen diagnosed by these CT results.     

CT findings of necrotizing sialometaplasia

An otherwise healthy 56-year-old Caucasian female was referred to the radiology department because of an ulceration of her palatal mucosa. Clinically the lesion was suspected to be malignant and a multislice CT examination of the head and neck region was performed. This revealed an ulcer-like cavity with no tumour-like contrast enhancement. No relevant bone changes or suspicious lymph nodes of the neck were detected. Based on the multislice CT findings, necrotizing sialometaplasia was suspected and the diagnosis was verified histopathologically. This report describes the CT findings of necrotizing sialometaplasia at the ulceration stage.     

肝内胆管细胞型肝癌的CT表现

目的：分析肝内胆管细胞型肝癌的CT表现，加深对肝内胆管细胞癌的认识。方法：回顾分析18例胆管细胞型肝癌CT平扫和增强表现。结果：CT平扫培例均为低密度灶，病灶周围或病灶内均可见胆管扩张。增强扫描：动脉期无强化7例，轻度强化13例。延迟扫描18例均有不同程度延迟强化。结论：CT是胆管细胞型肝癌的重要检查方法。病灶周围或病灶内胆管扩张和病灶延迟强化是胆管细胞型肝癌的重要征象。     

骨纤维异常增殖症的CT表现

目的探讨骨纤维异常增殖症的CT表现并与X线所见进行比较。方法8例骨纤维异常增殖症患,其中,6例在颅面骨,2例在四肢骨,临床出现畸形,疼痛及跛行等后接受了CT扫描。CT表现与X线所见作了比较。3例患又经手术病理证实。结果CT显示骨纤维异常增殖症的病灶呈玻璃样改变见于7例,呈膨胀性改变见于8例,呈囊性改变见于4例,呈虫蚀样破坏性改变见于2例,呈硬化性改变见于4例,骨皮质变薄见于6例,增厚见于2例,颧骨受侵见于l例,上颌窦变形、变小见于2例。与X线比较,CT在显示很小和重叠较多的病灶方面明显优于X线。结论CT显示颅面骨中骨纤维异常增殖症病灶的形态与结构改变远比X线影像清晰。