青岛地区无偿献血者乙型肝炎病毒感染血清学和病毒特征分析

目的 分析青岛地区无偿献血者乙型肝炎病毒感染的血清学及病毒学特征.方法 采用常规的血清学试验和核酸扩增技术对本地区315 520份无偿献血者标本进行联合筛查,对HBsAg-/HBV DNA+标本进行高精度病毒载量检测和补充乙肝5项检测,采用PCR直接测序法获得标本中HBsAg编码基因即S基因序列,分析病毒基因型别及氨基...     

Hepatitis-B virus markers in patients with bleeding disorders and in healthy blood donors

Sera from 113 multiply transfused patients with bleeding disorders of whom 92 (81.4 per cent) were hemophiliacs were tested for such hepatitis-B virus (HBV) markers as HBsAg, anti-HBs. anti-HBc, e-antigen and anti-e. For comparison these marker tests were conducted on sera from 398 apparently healthy blood donors, 198 were previously known to be both HBsAg and anti-HBs negative, 126 were anti-HBs positive and 74 were HBsAg positive. Among patients with bleeding disorders, overt HBV infections were infrequent (2 per cent) and there was a low prevalence of HBsAg (3.5 per cent), e-antigen (1 per cent) and anti-e (0 per cent). However, the prevalence of anti-HBs (63 per cent) and anti-HBc (55 per cent) was high. Of the 71 anti-HBs positive patients with bleeding disorders 54 (76 per cent) were also anti-HBc positive. The sera of only four patients contained anti-HBc alone. All but one of the patients with bleeding disorders who were anti-HBc positive exhibited persistent responses. Anti-HBc was detected in all the HBsAg positive blood donors and in 113 of 126 (90 per cent) of those who were anti-HBs positive, but in none who were HBsAg and anti-HBs negative. The highest titers of anti-HBc, both among blood donors and patients with bleeding disorders occurred in those who were HBsAg positive. Among patients who were both anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive, highest anti-HBc titers occurred in those aged 31 to 40. Anti-e was detected in 59 per cent of HBsAg positive and 5 per cent of anti-HBs positive blood donors, but e-antigen was detected in none.     

HBsAg阴性、HBV DNA阳性献血者病毒感染特征研究

目的了解上海地区献血人群中血清HBsAg阴性、HBV DNA阳性感染的流行率、病毒血清学和分子生物学特点。方法选取HBsAg阴性、核酸筛查确认为HBV DNA阳性的献血者血清标本,采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测病毒血清标志物抗-HBc和抗-HBs;PCR扩增HBV S区基因片段,对扩增后的产物进行测序分析后,将产物序列与Genbank中HBV序列进行Blast比对,获得标本HBV毒株的基因型;采用DNAMAN软件进行蛋白表达分析,确定标本毒株的血清型,并与Genbank中野生型HBV序列进行比较,获得S区基因编码蛋白突变情况。结果上海地区HBsAg阴性献血人群HBV DNA阳性感染率约为0.045%。18例HBsAg阴性、HBV DNA阳性标本血清病毒载量均低于200IU/ml,且大部分低于20IU/ml;其中14例（77.8%）病毒血清标志物为抗-HBc和/或抗-HBs阳性。18例样本全部为B和C基因型,主要为adw和adr血清型。14例血清抗-HBc和/或抗-HBs阳性样本中,13例样本发生了S蛋白氨基酸突变,其中8例B基因型较多发生Q101K/H、M103T/I、F134L、D144A突变,5例C基因型较多发生S114T/A、T118K/R、K141T、S143T突变;4例血清阴性样本中,均未发生S区蛋白位点突变。结论上海地区献血者存在HBsAg阴性、HBV DNA阳性感染者,其血清病毒载量低,感染病毒全部为B和C基因型,主要为adw和adr血清型;其中大部分为隐匿性HBV感染,少数可能为窗口期感染;隐匿性HBV感染病毒多发生S蛋白氨基酸位点突变。     

上海地区献血人群隐匿性HBV感染状况

目的 了解HBsAg阴性、抗-HBc阳性的献血人群中HBV DNA感染情况.方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测5 121份HBsAg阴性的合格献血者血清抗-HBc和抗-HBc阳性反应滴度;对抗-HBc阳性样本采用ELISA法检测血清抗-HBs,采用巢式PCR三区段扩增法检测HBV DNA.结果HBsAg阴性的献血人群...     

Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Blood Donors with Negative ID-NAT in Switzerland

IntroductionScreening of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and individual-donation nucleic acid amplification testing (ID-NAT) of blood donors have become standard to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, there is still a residual risk of HBV transmission by blood components of donors suffering from occult HBV infection (OBI). Therefore, many countries implemented universal testing of anti-HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) antibodies in order to increase blood safety. In Switzerland, anti-HBc testing is not part of the routine blood donor-screening repertoire. Therefore, we sought to assess prevalence of donors with OBI in a Swiss blood donor collective.MethodsBlood donations were prospectively investigated for the presence of anti-HBc antibodies during two time periods (I: all donors, March 2017; II: first-time donors only, April 2017 until February 2018). Anti-HBc-positive findings were confirmed by an anti-HBc neutralization test. Discarded plasma samples of anti-HBc-confirmed positive donors were ultracentrifuged and subsequently retested by regular HBV-ID-NAT to search for traces of HBV.ResultsDuring time period I, 78 (1.6%) individuals out of 4,923 donors were confirmed anti-HBc-positive. Sixty-nine (88%) anti-HBc-positive samples were available and processed by ultracentrifugation followed by repeat HBV-ID-NAT. Four samples (5.8%) were found positive for HBV DNA. Sixty-five (94.2%) samples remained HBV NAT-negative upon ultracentrifugation. During time period II, 56 (0.9%) donor samples out of 6,509 exhibited anti-HBc-confirmed positive. Fifty-five (98%) samples could be reassessed by HBV-ID-NAT upon ultracentrifugation. Three (5.5%) samples contained HBV DNA and 52 (94.5%) samples remained HBV NAT-negative.ConclusionOverall, we detected 7 viremic OBI carriers among 11,432 blood donors, which tested negative for HBV by standard HBV-ID-NAT and HBsAg screening. In contrast, OBI carriers showed positive anti-HBc findings which could be confirmed in 83.8% of the cases. Thus, OBI might be missed by the current HBV screening process of Swiss blood donors. We suggest to review current HBV screening algorithm. Extended donor screening by anti-HBc testing may unmask OBI carriers and contribute to blood safety for the recipient of blood products.     

浙江省上虞市人群病毒性乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的了解浙江省上虞市1～59 岁人群病毒性乙型肝炎（乙肝）感染现状,评价实施大规模乙肝疫苗（HepB）接种后的效果 。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法, 抽取664人进行了乙肝血清流行病学调查,用ELISA方法检测了乙肝病毒(HBV)表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc) 。结果上虞市1～59 岁人群HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc 阳性率分别是5.57%、53.46 %、32.83 %,1～14 岁人群HBsAg 阳性率为1.37%。做过创伤性美容、经常去洗浴场所（足浴店）修脚是HBsAg阳性的危险因素,拔牙、补牙、洗牙等口腔诊疗史,经常去理发店修面、修体毛或刮胡须是HBV自然感染的危险因素。与1992 年病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查结果相比,全人群HBsAg 携带率下降47.80%(I/Isup2 /sup=7.12, IP/I＜0.01)。结论接种HepB是控制人群HBV 感染的有效措施,能明显提高抗-HBs阳性率,降低HBsAg携带率,提高人群对HBV的免疫保护能力。     

Value of anti-HBc screening of blood donors for prevention of HBV infection: results of a 3-year prospective study in Northwestern Greece

BACKGROUND: The risk of infection with transfusion-transmitted viruses has been reduced remarkably. However, a zero-risk blood supply remains a popular goal. Some authorities have introduced the screening for antibody to HBc (anti-HBc) as a surrogate test for the presence of several infectious agents. A 3-year prospective study was conducted in the Epirus region of Greece to determine the prevalence of several blood-borne viruses. One component of the study was the prevalence of HBV infection markers and the potential value of anti-HBc testing of donors in this area. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1997, some 6696 donors were investigated for the presence of HBV infection markers by standard EIAS: Every sample that tested HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-reactive alone or in combination with either or both antibodies to HBV e antigen (anti-HBe) and low-titered antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs <20 mIU/mL) was further investigated for the presence of HBV DNA by a combination of PCR and DNA EIA. RESULTS: Of these 6696 donors, 15.8 percent tested positive for at least one serologic marker of HBV infection (HBsAg prevalence, 0.85%). Anti-HBc reactivity alone or in combination with either or both anti-HBe and low-titered anti-HBs was found in 282 donors (4.2%). None tested HBV-DNA positive. No transfusion-associated HBV infections were recorded in the recipients of the above 282 blood units. CONCLUSION: A moderate prevalence of HBV infection markers was found. However, taking into account previous studies from this region, it appears that the HBsAg prevalence has declined. In addition, the present study cannot recommend the introduction of anti-HBc screening as a surrogate marker of occult HBV infection. The adoption of this exclusion criterion in this region would result in unacceptably high rejection rates among otherwise healthy donors. The absence of any case of transfusion-associated HBV infection after the transfusion of all HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive units appears to provide further support for the negative HBV DNA results. Before a consideration of screening donors, efforts must be focused on reducing the number of false-positive anti-HBc results.     

Comparison of the results for three automated immunoassay systems in determining serum HBV markers

BACKGROUND: Automated immunoassay analyzers are used to identify hepatitis B virus (HBV) serum markers. In regions with high prevalence of HBV, it is imperative to compare test results from different immunoassay analyzers. METHODS: Samples from 496 subjects were collected and HBV markers were determined (double-blind, parallel manner) using Abbott AxSYM, Roche Modular Analytics E170, and Abbott Architect i2000). RESULTS: Concurrence between AxSYM and E170 was 97.78% for HBsAg, 91.13% for anti-HBs, 98.79% for anti-HBc, 98.39% for HBeAg, and 88.91% for anti-HBe. Positive rates of anti-HBs and anti-HBe from AxSYM were lower than E170 (P<0.01). Concurrence between AxSYM and Architect i2000 was 98.79% for HBsAg, 91.33% for anti-HBs, 95.97% for anti-HBc, 98.39% for HBeAg, and 95.77% for anti-HBe. Positive anti-HBs rates from AxSYM were lower than Architect i2000 (P<0.01). Concurrence between E170 and Architect i2000 was 97.38% for HBsAg, 94.15% for anti-HBs, 95.56% for anti-HBc, 99.60% for HBeAg, and 88.10% for anti-HBe. Positive anti-HBe rates using Architect i2000 were lower than E170 (P<0.01). Overall, the greatest differences were observed in samples with low-level serum HBV markers. CONCLUSION: Significant discrepancies were observed among results for the 3 automated immunoassay analyzers, especially for low-level anti-HBs and anti-HBe results.     

HBsAg阳性血清HBV DNA与HBV标志物定量测定的相关性特征

目的分析HBsAg阳性血清HBV DNA与HBV标志物（HBV M）含量之间的量化关系,揭示两种HBVM血清学模式HBV DNA与HBV M含量的相关性特征。方法对225例血清标本采用PE7000型FQ-PCR仪和AXSYM免疫分析仪分别进行HBV DNA和HBVM的定量测定,以HBV M血清学模式进行HBV DNA分组并分析比较各组的相关性及特点。结果HBsAg/HBeAg/抗-HBc阳性模式的HBV DNA含量54.5%分布在107拷贝/ml以上,HBV DNA的C~G组及抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe的F~G组含量分别与A组比较差异有统计学意义,且HBV DNA含量与抗-HBs呈负相关（r=-0.670）、与HBeAg和抗-HBe则呈正相关（r=0.524、r=0.814）;而HB-sAg/抗-HBe/抗-HBc阳性模式的HBV DNA含量82.2%分布在105拷贝/ml以下,HBV DNA的B~G组分别与A组比较差异有统计学意义,且仅与抗-HBs呈负相关（r=-0.569）。结论不同HBV M血清学模式HBV DNA与HBV M含量之间存在不同的相关性特征。     

大中专学生乙型肝炎病毒感染血清标志组合模式的分析

目的 了解乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)在大、中专学生中感染现状及HBVM组合模式分布情况,探讨其流行规律,为制订乙肝预防策略提供依据。方法 应用ELISA法对3 293名学生进行了血清HBVM监测。结果学生HBsAg总携带率为13.12％,高于全国和本省平均感染水平,男生高于女生。抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-Hbe和抗-HBc阳性率分别为32.49％、8.23％、9.69％、26.24％。HBV总流行率为48.10％。HBVM组合模式共14种,其中单项抗-HBs阳性占19.95％,大、小三阳分别占7.32％和3.98％。大、小三阳及抗-Hbe阳性者占HBsAg阳性人数的92.36％。结论 学校对健康人群应定期进行体检,检测HBVM及肝功能。对已感染HBV并具有一定传染性的人群,学校要做好管理工作;对HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc均阴性者加强乙肝疫苗接种。     

住院患者HBV血清标志物筛查70 582例结果回顾性分析

目的分析近6年来HBV血清标志物检出率变化情况.方法收集3家大型医院2003-2008年6年间排除肝炎及相关病区共70 582例住院患者.采用AxSYM微粒子酶免疫分析技术检测HBV血清标志物5项,包括HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc、抗-HBe和抗-HBs结果及相关资料,并将每例5项标志物结果作为一种模式,对各项标志物及模式检出率逐年变化情况进行回顾性分析.结果 HBV血清标志物5项检出率由高到低依次为抗-HBc(55.17%)、抗-HBs(49.57%)、抗-HBe(28.42%)、HBsAg(8.92%)、HBeAg(2.12%),且6年来均呈逐渐下降趋势.HBsAg由2003年的9.30%降至2008年8.70%,1992年以后出生人群HBsAg检出率(2.28%)明显低于总人群检出率(8.92%),且逐年下降趋势明显,从2003年的3.57%降至2008年1.85%.每项标志物检出率男性(HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc、抗-HBe和抗-HBs检出率依次为12.38%、2.72%、56.57%、41.50%、65.48%)均高于女性(HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc、抗-HBe和抗-HBs检出率依次为7.25%、1.58%、53.43%、28.35%、50.00%),差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为509.74、105.78、69.66、1 321.61、1 726.91,P均＜0.01).在70 582例患者中,5项HBV血清标志物结果可归纳为26种模式,检出率≥1%的模式有8种,"全阴性"模式占第一位,6年间无明显变化.近6年来,人群不同年龄段不同检测模式检测结果不同,≤20岁人群以"全阴性"和"抗-HBs单独阳性"模式为主,＞20岁人群以"抗-HBc和(或)抗-HBe、抗-HBs阳性"等模式为主."HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc阳性"和"HBsAg、抗-HBc、抗-HBe阳性"等模式检出率呈两端低、中间高分布,20～70岁人群检出率高.结论近6年HBV血清标志物检出率呈缓慢下降趋势,低龄人群HBsAg检出率明显下降.总人群HBV感染率依然较高,不断改进HBV血清筛查技术对于降低HBV感染率十分重要.     

Analytical and clinical evaluation of a novel assay for anti-HBc IgG measurement in serum of subjects with overt and occult HBV infection

ObjectivesWe assessed the analytical and clinical performance of the Lumipulse® G HBcAb-N (Fujirebio, Japan) assay for IgG antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgG) measurement in serum of subjects with overt and occult HBV infection (OBI).Materials/methodsSerum anti-HBc IgG was assessed in 181 anti-HBc-positive subjects: 119 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in different infection phases and 62 subjects (35 CHB and 27 OBI) with available liver specimens for HBV covalently-close-circular (ccc) DNA analysis.ResultsThe anti-HBc IgG assay showed a linear dynamic range (R² = 0.9967); lower limit of detection and quantitation were 0.5 IU/mL and 0.8 IU/mL. Reproducibility was 4.9% and accuracy 98.7%. Anti-HBc IgG levels varied according to HBV infection phase, linearly declined during antiviral treatment and resulted correlated to intrahepatic HBV cccDNA (r = 0.752, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe quantitative anti-HBc IgG assay exhibited appropriate analytical performance and may represent a diagnostic complement in CHB patients and OBI subjects.     

405例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者乙型肝炎病毒感染率分析

目的 研究非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染率.方法 采用ELISA法检测NHL患者血清中HBV血清学标志物,并与全国普通人群HBV检出率对比.结果 405例NHL患者的HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率分别为11.6%、39.8%和47.9%,与全国普通人群比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).B细胞NHL和T细胞NHL的HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率分别为13.3%对7.1%(P=0.083)、40.6%对37.5%(P=0.567)、53.2%对33.9%(P=0.001).93例NHL患者中22例(23.7%)HBV DNA阳性,其中38例HBsAg阳性患者中19例(50.0%)HBV DNA阳性,HBsAg阴性但抗-HBc阳性的55例患者中3例(5.5%)HBVDNA阳性.结论 NHL患者的HBV感染率高于全国普通人群,其中隐匿性HBV感染是不容忽视的问题.B细胞NHL患者的抗-HBc阳性率高于T细胞NHL患者.NHL患者如果合并HBV感染,则在抗肿瘤治疗前应该给予抗HBV治疗以预防病毒再激活.HBV与NHL的关系值得进一步研究.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients.Methods The serum HBV markers in NHL patients were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The infection rate of HBV in NHL patients was compared with that in nationwide general population.Results The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in 405 cases of NHL were 11.6%, 39.8% and 47.9%, respectively, which were statistically different from those in general population(P ＜0.01 ).The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in B-cell NHL and T-cell NHL were 13.3% vs 7.1% (P=0.083), 40.6% vs 37.5% (P=0.567), 53.2% vs 33.9% (P=0.001 ), respectively.The HBV DNA positive rate was 23.7% in 93 cases of NHL, and was 50.0% in 38 cases of HBsAg-positive NHL while 5.5% in 55 cases of HBsAg-negative but HBcAb-positive NHL.Conclusions The infection rate of HBV in NHL patients is higher than that in general population, in which occult hepatitis B virus infection can not be ignored.The positive rate of anti-HBc in B-cell NHL is significantly higher than that in T-cell NHL.For NHL patients infected with HBV, prophylactic anti-HBV therapy to prevent viral reactivation should be given before the anti-cancer treatment.Further study in the relationship between HBV and NHL should be carried out in the future.     

The prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers in emergency physicians

Hepatitis B (HBV) is a well-documented, increasing occupational hazard to those in the medical and dental professions. While the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B in the general population in the United States is approximately 3% to 5%, the prevalence in the health professions has been found to be higher. The prevalence of markers in 260 emergency physicians, consisting of teaching and nonteaching staff and emergency medicine residents, was the focus of this study. Two hundred fourteen participants had not received hepatitis B vaccine; 46 had received the vaccine. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti-HBs) and core antibody (anti-HBc) were tested. The overall prevalence of markers in the nonvaccinated group was 11.7% (25/214). Forty-one of 46 participants (89%) who had received hepatitis B vaccine demonstrated anti-HBs, evidence of immunity to hepatitis B. Thirty-nine of them had anti-HBs alone, and two had anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Of the five vaccinees who failed to demonstrate anti-HBs, one demonstrated anti-HBc alone. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in prevalence or type of markers. The prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers in this survey of emergency physicians was two and a half to four times that of the general population. Because of the increased risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus, early immunization against this disease through the use of hepatitis B vaccine should be considered by physicians in the practice of emergency medicine.     

Feasibility and usefulness of an efficient anti-HBc screening programme in blood donors

SUMMARY. Post-transfusion hepatitis B remains a risk for recipients of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screened blood. Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) screening may help reduce this risk. To evaluate its usefulness, 9,238 East Anglian blood donors were screened for anti-HBc. Those with isolated anti-HBc were identified with two confirmatory anti-HBc and anti-HB surface antibody (anti-HBs) assays. The prevalence of anti-HBc reactions in screening and confirmatory assays was 1.29% and 0.35%, respectively. The level of reactivity was significantly higher when two anti-HBc assays gave concordant results or, being concordant, were anti-HBs positive. All isolated anti-HBc-positive units (0.04%) were negative for additional HBV markers including DNA tested with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
A 0.31% prevalence of past HBV infection was found in this population, all carrying both anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibody, most above the protective level (0.IU/ml).
The proposed screening schemes would limit the number of deferred donors and discarded units and keep the testing time within the remit of routine blood banking practices for an additional cost of approximately £1 per unit. However, no evidence was found in this donor population to suggest that anti-HBc screening would significantly reduce the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis B.     

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in patients with chronic kidney disease in the predialysis stage at a university hospital in Turkey

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are the most common viruses that cause viral infections among the hemodialysis patients. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of HBV and HCV in predialytic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: 171 consecutive predialytic CKD patients. MEASUREMENTS: Third-generation micro-ELISA assay was used for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) and surface antibody (anti-HBs), secretory form of hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg), antibody to secretory form of hepatitis B envelop antigen (anti-HBe), and ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). RESULTS: The main causes of CKD were 29.8% diabetic nephropathy, 19.9% chronic glomerulonephritis, 16.3% hypertensive nephrosclerosis, 14.0% unknown, 5.3% amyloidosis, 4.7% autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, 4.1% chronic tubuluointerstitial nephritis, 3.5% malignancies, 1.7% benign prostatic hypertrophy, 0.6% Alport syndrome. The seroprevalence of hepatitis was: HBsAg 10.5%, anti-HBc 36.8%, anti-HBs 28.7%, HBeAg 5.3%, anti-HBe 32.7%, anti-HCV 7% and HBsAg+anti-HCV 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV among predialytic CKD patients was similar to our patients in hemodialysis program.     

乙型肝炎病毒核酸载量与血清学标志物相关性的研究

目的分析HBVDNA载量与血清学标志物的相关性。方法应用乙型肝炎病毒核酸试剂定量检测468份献血员样本HBVDNA含量,并分别定性或定量检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc及抗-HBcIgM血清学标志物,计算不同病毒核酸水平样本中5个乙肝血清学标志物阳性率及HBsAg、抗-HBs水平的分布情况。结果HBVDNA阴性样本中HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性率分别为12.8%、39.8%、0、21.1%、49.6%,而HBVDNA阳性样本中HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc血清学标志物阳性率分别为91.3%、0.7%、20.9%、65.0%、88.6%,血清学指标在不同HBVDNA水平的阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=197.4,P<0.01)。HBVDNA载量与HBsAg水平成正相关性,与抗-HBs水平成负相关性。结论低水平的HBsAg在不同HBVDNA载量水平的样本均有分布,HBsAg检测能力需要进一步提高,另外在我国人群中存在低乙型肝炎病毒核酸水平携带者,乙型肝炎病毒核酸可以弥补血清学检测试剂的不足。     

慢性乙肝血清标志物与HBV-DNA水平的关系

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒免疫标志物不同模式与血清HBV-DNA定量的关系。方法用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测技术对619例慢性乙肝病毒感染患者血清进行HBV-DNA定量测定。结果HBsAg( )/HBeAg /抗-HBc( )组、HBsAg( )/抗-HBe( )/抗-HBc( )组、HB-sAg( )/抗-HBc( )组、单项抗-HBc( )组及抗-HBs( )组HBV-DNA阳性率分别为94.44%、32.26%、24.71%、7.14%和2.50%,HBsAg( )/抗-HBs( )/抗-HBe( )/抗-HBc( )组阳性率为15.79%。各组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。PreS1Ag 、PreS2Ag 在HBsAg( )/HBeAg(-)、HBsAg( )/HBeAg 的患者血清HBV-DNA阳性率分别为41.85%、91.64%和18.36%、46.43%。结论HBeAg、PreS1Ag与HBV-DNA高度相关,可作为HBV复制的免疫指标,HBsAg( )/抗-HBs( )同时存在可能与HBV基因变异或不同亚型二次感染有关,HBeAg 的S/CO值与HBV-DNA定量有相关性,HBsAg( )的S/CO值与HBV-DNA定量无显著相关。     

慢性HBV感染患者血清中HBsAg与抗-HBs两种标志物同时阳性罕见模式的分析

目的 通过分析慢性HBV感染患者乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）血清学标志物HBsAg与抗-HBs同时阻性这种罕见模式的病例，来探讨其存在的原因及临床价值。方法 采用电化学发光法（ECLIA）检测患者血清中的HsBAg，抗-HBs，HBeAg，抗-HBe，抗-HBc，5种标志物，采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ-PCR）检测HBV DNA。结果 HBsAg与抗-HBs同时阳性的罕见模式组仍有病毒复制。应用HBIG治疗失败时可以出现HBsAg与抗-HBs同时阳性。结论 HBsAg和抗-HBs同时阳性并非疾病真正好转的指标。     

血液透析患者两种方法接种乙型肝炎疫苗的疗效分析

目的有效的免疫保护方法对血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)患者这种乙肝病毒(hepatitisB virus,HBV)感染的高危人群有极大的益处,然而大部分HD患者对乙肝疫苗的血清转换率低下。本研究探讨了对HD患者应用两种接种方法的免疫效果。方法 50例具备正常转氨酶水平、HBsAg(-)、anti-HBc(-)及anti-HBs(-)的慢性HD患者分为两组,A组:维持性HD患者32例,进行长疗程(O月、l月、6月、9月)肌肉注射基因重组乙肝疫苗,每次注射剂量为20ìg;B组:维持性HD患者18例,进行多次小剂量皮内注射基因重组乙肝疫苗,总共6次,间隔时间为2周,每次皮内注射剂量5ìg。以乙肝表面抗体滴度≥l0mIU/ml为产生保护性血清转换。注射结束后l～3月检测乙肝表面抗体滴度,分析两组之间保护性血清转换率及抗体滴度水平的差异。结果 A组患者有25例产生了保护性抗体,保护性血清转换率为78.12%,B组患者有16例产生了保护性抗体,保护性血清转换率为88.89%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.904,P0.05);A组的抗体滴度高于B组,两组差异有统计学意义(t=2.197,P0.05)。两组患者抗体滴度水平与患者性别、年龄、病程、肌酐水平、白蛋白水平、血红蛋白水平等无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论血液透析患者长疗程肌肉注射以及多次小剂量皮内注射基因重组乙型肝炎疫苗与传统方法的乙肝疫苗注射相比,均可较高比率的产生保护性抗体,多次小剂量皮内接种乙肝疫苗阳性率更高一些,但长疗程肌肉注射的抗体滴度明显高于小剂量组。本实验的样本量较小,可能需要扩大样本量进一步研究。