Comparison of the use of antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate and wound irrigation-suction in the treatment of lower limb chronic osteomyelitis

Aims

We sought to compare the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate with wound irrigation-suction in patients with lower limb chronic osteomyelitis.

一期病灶清除载药磷酸钙人工骨充填治疗慢性骨髓炎

目的 探讨一期病灶清除载药磷酸钙人工骨(CPC)充填治疗慢性骨髓炎的临床疗效:方法 22例慢性骨髓炎患者行彻底清创后,一期植入载药CPC.结果 22例获随访(26.3±6.5)个月,患者术后均未出现过敏或毒性反应,无皮疹或高热;随访期间均无骨髓炎复发.未见明显的全身反应,无再骨折;X线片显示植入CPC与宿主骨接触紧密,界面处未见间隙存在,骨缺损处的解剖形状完全或大部分恢复,未见脱落现象,随访期内18例患者CPC部分降解成骨.结论 在病灶清除后,载药CPC一期充填残留的感染性骨缺损治疗慢性骨髓炎可有效控制感染.     

Management of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis with pull-through abductor hallucis muscle flap -a report of three cases

Three patients who had chronic osteomyelitis of the calcaneus were treated with radical debridement of all involved soft tissue and bone and obliteration of dead space with a pull-through abductor hallucis brevis muscle flap. Two patients had calcaneal osteomyelitis without soft tissue loss resulting from previous comminuted calcaneal fractures while a third patient had a large soft tissue defect and calcaneal osteomyelitis resulting from a destructive infection. All of the patients had undergone several surgical procedures for treatment of the osteomyelitis with histories ranging 18 months to 30 months. Following treatment with the pull-through muscle flap there has been no recurrence over the longterm (>two years). We believe that radical removal of all contaminated tissue and immediately coverage with a muscle flap provides an effective single stage treatment of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis.     

创伤性跟骨畸形的矫正与重建

目的探讨创伤性跟骨骨折畸形愈合后矫正重建的手术方法及疗效。方法 1999年1月至2008年1月,手术治疗创伤性跟骨骨折畸形愈合患者146例,男114例,女32例,年龄16～56岁,平均39.5岁。单侧跟骨骨折130例,双侧16例。从骨折至本次手术的时间为6～30个月,平均12个月。所有患者均为跟骨闭合性骨折后继发畸形。根据Zwipp提出的跟骨畸形愈合的分型：Ⅰ型22侧足;Ⅱ型38侧足;Ⅲ型32侧足;Ⅳ型15侧足;Ⅴ型7侧足。另有36侧跟骨内、外翻畸形及高度丢失,但距下关节正常或退变较轻。采用的手术方法有跟骨外膨骨突切除及腓骨肌腱松解术。根据距下关节退变的严重程度采用保留距下关节的截骨矫形内固定术,距下关节原位融合术,截骨矫形或丘部重建加距下关节融合术。结果 118例患者获得随访12～48个月,平均20个月。伤口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染。所有患者均牢固愈合,未再次发生跟骨畸形。截骨植骨处愈合时间12～16周,平均13周。患者术后平均13周（12～16周）时可完全负重行走,无明显疼痛不适。采用美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝、后足评分标准,评分由术前的39.7分（27～54分）,上升到术后的87.4分（78～100分）。结论对于创伤性跟骨骨折畸形愈合的患者应积极进行手术治疗,根据跟骨骨折畸形愈合的具体情况采用不同的治疗方案,以达满意疗效。     

清创一期植骨及腓肠神经皮瓣治疗跟骨慢性骨髓炎伴软组织缺损

【摘要】 目的 探讨清创、一期植骨联合腓肠神经皮瓣移植治疗跟骨慢性骨髓炎伴软组织缺损的疗效。方法 2008年11月~2011年11月,对 12例合并软组织缺损的跟骨慢性骨髓炎患者采用清创、一期植骨联合腓肠神经皮瓣移植修复创面,观察术后皮瓣成活、骨髓炎治愈及踝关节功能情况。结果 术后随访9~24个月,平均 17个月。9例皮瓣Ⅰ期愈合,3例窦道形成或边缘坏死经处理后愈合;随访期间无骨髓炎复发;根据美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS ) 踝后足功能评分术后(89.4±7.8)较术前(42.8±15.3)明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 跟骨慢性髓炎合并软组织缺损通过彻底清创、一期植骨及腓肠神皮瓣移植取得良好的效果,该方法具有疗效确切、疗程短、简单易行等特点。     

Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with one-stage allograft

Objective: To avoid disadvantages of two-stage cancellus bone autograft, we investigated the feasibility of one-stage allograft for reconstructing the bone defect resulting from debridement of chronic osteomyelitis in limbs. Methods: Between Feb. 1999 and Apr. 2004, 35 cases of chronic osteomyelitis ( 8 cases of nonunion) underwent one-stage allograft after debridement in our hospital. Results: Thirty-five cases were followed up for an average period of 28 months (range, 13 to 55 months), in which 32 cases (91.43%) were found no infection, and 3 cases (8.57%) were confirmed recurrence of infection. Four out of 8 cases of bone nonunion healed in 9.5 months on average (range, 3 to 12 months), and another case also acquired union after redebridement and autograft of ilium due to infection recurrence 35 days after surgery. Renonunion occurred in 3 cases, 2 out of whom healed after secondary operation with autograft. One case of renonunion and 2 cases of infection recurrence refused further treatment. Conclusions: A high rate of infection arrest can be attained when one-stage allograft is used to reconstruct the bone defect of chronic osteomyelitis after debridement in limbs. Therefore, chronic osteomyelitis should not be regarded as a contraindication to one-stage aliogeneic bone grafting. Renonuion, however, achieves a relatively high rate, especially in cases of segmental bone defect.     

髓内钉结合载抗生素硫酸钙辅助Ilizarov环形外固定架骨搬运治疗胫骨感染性骨缺损

目的 分析髓内钉结合载抗生素硫酸钙辅助Ilizarov环形外固定架骨搬运治疗胫骨感染性骨缺损患者的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月-2020年1月于西安交通大学附属西安市红会医院创伤病院下肢病区治疗并接受手术的11例胫骨骨感染清创后存在骨缺损的患者的临床资料.其中男性7例,女性4例;年龄32～67岁,平均年龄(...     

Surgical management of chronic osteomyelitis: Organisms,recurrence and treatment outcome

PurposeThe study aimed to identify the risk factors of recurrence in chronic osteomyelitis (COM) and to document the microbiological patterns pre- and intra-operatively and at recurrence, if any.MethodsWe performed retrospective review on COM patients treated with surgical debridement and a 6-week course of antibiotics. The patients with symptoms of osteomyelitis for at least 6 weeks, present or past episodes of discharging sinus, documentation of bone sequestration in operative notes or preoperative images were included in the study. Patients with symptoms of osteomyelitis < 6 weeks, lack of history of discharging sinus or lack of evidence of sequestration in preoperative images or intraoperative notes were excluded. Logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of risk factors of recurrence. Cohen-Kappa scores were derived to see the concordance between pre-operative and intra-operative isolates and at recurrence.ResultsTotally, 147 COM patients (115 males and 32 females, mean age (33 ± 19) years) were included in this study. Recurrence was noted in 28 patients (19.0%). Polymicrobial growth and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae increased the chance of recurrence. Cierny-Mader stage-1, hematogenous aetiology and negative intraoperative culture reduced the chance of recurrence. Concordance between pre-operative and intra-operative cultures was 59.85% (Kappa score 0.526, p < 0.001) and between index surgery and at recurrence was 23.81% (Kappa score 0.155, p < 0.001). Lack of knowledge of causative organism preoperatively did not affect outcome. At mean follow-up (42 ± 15) months, all patients were apparently infection free for at least 1 year.ConclusionPolymicrobial growth and multi-drug resistant organisms increase the risk of recurrence in COM. Patients’ age, gender, diabetes mellitus, previous failed treatment, duration of symptoms, haemoglobin, white cell count, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at presentation did not have any impact on the recurrence of infection. Pre-operative isolation of organism is of questionable value. Recurrences of infections do occur and are more of re-infections than relapses. Diligent isolation of organism must be attempted even in re-debridements. Even patients with recurrences do well with appropriate debridement and antibiotic therapy.     

一期手术治疗跟骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎

目的探讨腓动脉穿支(肌)皮瓣联合载抗生素人工骨一期治疗跟骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎的临床疗效。方法对32例跟骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎患者在一期扩创彻底清除骨髓炎病灶的基础上采用载抗生素人工骨植骨抗感染、切取腓动动脉穿支(肌)皮瓣覆盖创面的方式修复治疗。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~32个月。皮瓣均成活,外观形态良好。骨髓炎无复发情况,骨折愈合情况良好,无畸形愈合,骨性愈合时间为6~9.8个月。结论腓动脉穿支(肌)皮瓣联合载抗生素人工骨一期治疗跟骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎是治疗创伤性慢性骨髓炎较理想的方法。     

Microbiological and pharmacological tests on new antibiotic-loaded PMMA-based composites for the treatment of osteomyelitis

Local antibiotic diffusion in rabbit femurs from two new PMMA-based and nail-shaped composites, enriched with β-tricalcium phosphate (P-TCP) and BaSO(4) or only with BaSO(4) (P-BaSO(4) ), and soaked in a solution of gentamicin (G) and vancomycin (V) was studied. Nails were implanted into the intramedullary cavity of healthy and osteomyelitic femurs to study the resolution of infection and to quantify the antibiotic penetration into bone by microbiological, pharmacological, and histological tests. A significant progression of osteomyelitis was recorded 7 weeks after MRSA inoculation, whereas no bacteria were found in animals treated with antibiotic-loaded nails as confirmed by microbiology and histology (Smeltzer score). The release of both antibiotics from composites was high and prompt both in healthy and infected bone; the amount of V was higher than that of G in all bone samples. Antibiotics of both composites were still present in bone 3 weeks after nail implantation. The P-BaSO4 composite released a lower amount of antibiotics than did P-TCP. The G-V combination in vivo exerted a synergistic bactericidal effect, which was confirmed by microbiological, histological, and clinical results (no infection). These new porous PMMA composites, soaked in G-V solution in the operating room, might be an effective and useful drug delivery system for osteomyelitis treatment.     

载抗生素的硼酸盐生物玻璃治疗慢性骨髓炎的实验研究

目的硼酸盐生物玻璃具有良好的生物活性及生物相容性,在体内可以完全降解。通过将硼酸盐生物玻璃载万古霉素后植入清创后的兔胫骨骨髓炎病灶,探讨硼酸盐生物玻璃作为抗生素缓释载体的可行性。方法将万古霉素溶于固化液,再分别与硫酸钙粉末、硼酸盐生物玻璃粉末混合,制备抗生素缓释系统,万古霉素含量均为80 mg/g。健康成年雄性新西兰大白兔65只,体重2.12～3.91 kg,平均2.65 kg;于右膝骨髓腔注入0.1 mL浓度为1×109 cfu/mL的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)悬液,制备骨髓炎模型。注射后3周,将54只模型制备成功的大白兔随机分成4组:A组(n=11)进行单纯清创处理;B组(n=11)、C组(n=16)、D组(n=16)彻底清创后,分别于缺损处植入硼酸盐生物玻璃、载万古霉素的硫酸钙、载万古霉素的硼酸盐生物玻璃。清创术中取坏死组织行细菌学检查。术后1、2、4、10、24、48 h时测量C、D组血清万古霉素浓度,10、24、48、72、120 h测量B、D组血清硼浓度;8周时处死全部实验动物摄X线片观察并评分;取胫骨进行细菌学检查及组织学观察。结果术后共10只实验动物死亡。C组术后各时间点均未检测到血清万古霉素;D组血清万古霉素浓度逐渐上升,术后4 h时达峰值,之后浓度迅速下降。B组术后各时间点均未检测到血清硼;D组术后10 h血清硼浓度即达峰值,之后呈逐渐下降趋势。X线片观察显示术后8周C组载万古霉素的硫酸钙均降解;D组载万古霉素的硼酸盐生物玻璃部分降解,但骨修复优于C组;B组硼酸盐玻璃无明显降解。术前各组X线片评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后8周D组评分与A、B、C组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组术中坏死组织细菌培养均提示为MRSA阳性。术后8周D组胫骨组织细菌培养阴性率81.25%,与A组36.36%及B组18.18%比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与C组73.33%比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组织学观察显示,D组载万古霉素的硼酸盐生物玻璃周围有大量新骨形成,未见任何异物反应。A、B、C、D组组织学评分分别为(6.45±3.62)、(7.55±3.36)、(4.27±2.91)、(3.81±3.04)分;D组与A、B组比较,C组与B组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余各组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论载万古霉素的硼酸盐生物玻璃在治愈兔慢性骨髓炎的同时可促进骨缺损修复。     

负压封闭引流联合负载万古霉素硫酸钙与自体骨治疗慢性骨髓炎的临床研究

目的 :研究负压封闭引流联合负载万古霉素硫酸钙与自体骨在治疗慢性骨髓炎中的疗效。方法 :2013年6月至2016年12月治疗35例慢性骨髓炎患者,男23例,女12例;年龄11~65岁,平均34岁;病程8~46个月,平均26个月。所有患者为开放性创伤导致的慢性骨髓炎,病灶局部有反复红肿及脓液穿破皮肤病史。32例窦道分泌物细菌培养阳性,3例窦道分泌物细菌培养阴性。影像学检查显示病灶存在骨破坏、骨缺损,周围有骨质增生硬化。Ⅰ期行彻底清创,清除病灶坏死及炎性组织,负压封闭引流敷料完全覆盖创面,以促进创面的修复。Ⅱ期将负载万古霉素硫酸钙与自体髂骨松质骨混合为移植骨复合体,均匀填充病灶。观察患者伤口愈合情况,并对病灶进行X线检查,了解硫酸钙吸收及新骨生长情况。结果:26例行1次清创加负压封闭引流,6例行2次清创加负压封闭引流,3例行3次清创加负压封闭引流。32例伤口甲类愈合,2例乙类愈合的患者经抗感染、伤口换药等治疗后伤口完全愈合。1例丙类愈合的患者于术后4周时再行清创,伤口正常愈合。所有患者病灶处未再次出现皮肤红肿及破溃,X线片显示植入的硫酸钙4周左右开始逐步吸收,8周左右有新骨生成,6~24个月病灶区骨缺损完全愈合。结论:负压封闭引流联合负载万古霉素硫酸钙与自体骨治疗慢性骨髓炎,临床疗效良好、可靠,值得临床推广。     

一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术治疗下颈椎化脓性骨髓炎

目的:探讨一期前路病灶清除、感染椎体次全切、自体髂骨植骨融合、钛板固定术治疗下颈椎化脓性骨髓炎的疗效。方法:2004年1月至2009年6月共收治17例下颈椎化脓性骨髓炎患者,男性14例,女性3例;年龄42~78岁,平均56.5岁。17例患者均有颈痛,9例伴发热,6例伴脊髓损伤,5例伴神经根性损伤。影像学检查13例有硬膜外脓肿形成,4例椎前脓肿形成伴椎体广泛破坏。均于广谱或敏感抗菌素治疗7~14d后行一期前路病灶清除、感染椎体次全切除、自体髂骨植骨融合、钛板内固定术。术后抗菌素治疗12~14周,定期复查血白细胞计数、血沉和C反应蛋白、颈椎正侧位X线片及CT,术后12个月行MRI检查。结果:手术时间50~150min,平均110min,术中无血管及神经损伤发生;术后2例切口浅层感染,经换药后愈合,无食管漏等严重并发症发生。所有患者于术后1周内颈痛缓解,体温恢复正常。13例于术后12周前白细胞计数、血沉、C反应蛋白均降至正常;4例白细胞计数正常,但血沉及C反应蛋白至术后9个月才降至正常。所有患者于术后12个月复查CT,16例植骨融合;1例融合失败,24个月随访时假关系形成。随访18~24个月,平均20.3个月,术前有脊髓和神经根损伤患者神经功能均完全恢复正常,感染均无复发。结论:在规范、有效、充分的围手术期抗菌素治疗期间行一期前路病灶清除、感染椎体次全切除、自体髂骨植骨融合、钛板内固定术是治疗下颈椎化脓性骨髓炎的有效方法。     

Dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy for the treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: A technical tip to optimize its results and reduce complications

Background

Dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy is a technique for the treatment of Haglund’s triad, which is considered a safe procedure with good results. However, one of the complications that could lead to revision operation is the nonunion of the osteotomy and failure of osteosynthesis. This is attributed to instability of the osteotomy site and proximal migration of the posterior calcaneal process due to breakage of plantar bone-bridge at the apex of the wedge osteotomy.

负载妥布霉素的硫酸钙治疗慢性骨髓炎及合并骨缺损的疗效评价

目的评价应用负载妥布霉素的硫酸钙（Osteoset-T）治疗慢性骨髓炎及合并骨缺损的疗效.方法自2004年4月起,采用Wright公司的Osteoset-T治疗慢性骨髓炎患者4例,慢性骨髓炎合并骨缺损患者11例.其中同时应用带蒂腓肠神经营养皮瓣转移治疗慢性窦道切除后皮肤缺损4例,带蒂小腿内侧皮瓣转移修复1例,平行桥式血管吻合游离背阔肌皮瓣移植1例.所有骨髓炎病例经过彻底清创,去除死骨与肉芽组织后植入Osteoset-T 5～25 mL,平均8.3 mL.结果所有患者平均随访4.5个月.15例患者中13例感染得到控制;2例混合感染者术后渗出较多,经过再次清创取出分解的Osteoset-T后创面愈合.11例骨髓炎合并骨缺损患者中5例术后4周开始出现不同程度的新骨形成,其中3例跟骨骨髓炎患者术后2个月部分负重行走,3个月恢复行走;1例股骨骨髓炎合并骨不连患者术后2个月新骨形成;1例桡骨骨髓炎患者术后6个月骨完全愈合.6例炎症得到控制但无新骨形成,均行自体骨或异体骨植骨后2例已经完全愈合,4例在愈合过程中.结论应用彻底清创合并Osteoset-T可以有效地治疗慢性骨髓炎,并可在一定程度上促进新骨的形成.     

视频辅助腹膜后清创术治疗重症急性胰腺炎继发感染

目的 探讨视频辅助腹膜后清创(video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement,VARD)在重症急性胰腺炎继发感染患者炎症控制中的作用.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院32例次VARD患者的临床资料,采用配对样本t检验比较治疗前后患者心率、平均动脉压、体温及炎症反应指标(白细胞、C-反应蛋白及降钙素原)的变化.结果 经VARD治疗,患者心率(术前比术后8h,108±22次/min比95±17次/min)、平均动脉压(术前比术后12 h,66±18 mmHg比79±19 mmHg)及体温(术前比术后24 h,38.3±1.7℃比37.3 ±1.3℃)状况较前均有好转(均P＜0.05),血白细胞计数[术前比术后48 h,(13.8 ±6.6)×109/L比(10.1±5.2)×109/L]、C-反应蛋白(术前比术后48 h,145±88 mg/L比95±4 mg/L)及降钙素原(术前比术后48 h,1.4 ±0.7 μg/L比0.9±0.4 μg/L)亦明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 VARD治疗能显著减轻重症急性胰腺炎继发感染患者的全身炎症反应,改善患者一般状况.     

慢性骨髓炎的分期治疗策略

背景：慢性骨髓炎是骨科临床的疑难杂症之一,本文旨在探讨一种目前比较合理的治疗方式。目的：探讨运用灌洗负压引流和可吸收人工骨或者骨水泥混合抗生素分期治疗慢性骨髓炎的临床效果。方法：2008年3月至2012年3月采用一期清创灌洗负压引流,二期可吸收人工骨或者骨水泥混合抗生素植入治疗27例慢性骨髓炎患者,男21例,女6例;年龄20~77岁,平均38岁;骨髓炎发生部位：胫腓骨17例,股骨7例,跟骨3例。结果：27例患者均得到随访,随访时间6~51个月（平均27个月）,25例痊愈,2例复发。结论：一期清创、灌洗负压引流,二期可吸收人工骨或者骨水泥混合抗生素治疗慢性骨髓炎可以取得良好的临床疗效。     

Recurrent heel ulcers with calcaneal osteomyelitis in myelomeningocele: Treatment by partial calcanectomy and posterior transfer of tibialis anterior tendon

OverviewCalcaneus deformity of the foot is common in patients with myelodysplasia, mainly due to muscle imbalance. This deformity, especially in ambulatory patients, can result in gait problems and development of pressure sores, which can be complicated by calcaneal osteomyelitis.Material and methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 12 patients (18 feet), with calcaneus deformity due to myelomeningocele, and presented with penetrating heel ulcers complicated by calcaneal osteomyelitis. The mean age of the included cases was 11 years. The ulcers were unilateral in six patients and bilateral in six. Sensation was absent on the plantar aspect of the foot in all cases. The treatment was done in two stages; The first stage was eradication of infection and obtaining good soft tissue coverage, and the second stage was obtaining motor balance to achieve a more plantigrade and braceable foot.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 19.2 months. In the final follow-up, twelve feet were graded as good, five as fair and one as poor according to Legaspi grading system.ConclusionThe combination of partial calcanectomy and subsequent transfer of tibialis anterior tendon, to improve the foot position and gait, can efficiently prevent ulcer recurrence in myelomeningocele patients with calcaneal deformity.Level of clinical evidence: 4Retrospective case series study.     

颅骨慢性骨髓炎的手术治疗

目的总结颅骨慢性骨髓炎的治疗方法及其疗效。方法 2004年1月-2009年2月,收治24例颅骨慢性骨髓炎患者。男16例,女8例;年龄18～56岁,平均45.6岁。病程3～11年,平均5.8年。病因:开颅术后感染3例,烧伤15例,电击伤6例。部位:额顶部10例,颞顶部8例,枕部6例。彻底清除感染坏死组织后软组织缺损范围为7 cm×6 cm～19 cm×12 cm,颅骨缺损范围为5 cm×4 cm～10 cm×7 cm。采用邻位头皮瓣(12例)、斜方肌肌皮瓣(6例)、游离股前外侧皮瓣(6例)修复,皮瓣切取范围为8 cm×7 cm～20 cm×13 cm。供区直接缝合或中厚皮片游离移植修复。结果术中病理检查均为颅骨化脓性骨髓炎伴死骨形成,1例发现局部鳞癌。术后2周1例出现皮瓣下感染,再次手术清除残留组织后愈合;其余皮瓣及皮片均成活好,切口Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访,随访时间10个月～4年,平均2年。皮瓣颜色、质地较好,骨髓炎无复发。1例局部鳞癌患者术后随访4年未复发。8例术后3～6个月出现头痛、头晕等颅骨缺损相关症状,二期行钛网颅骨重建。结论颅骨慢性骨髓炎应早期彻底清除感染病灶,选择适宜的皮瓣或肌皮瓣修复创面,可获满意效果。