钻孔外引流加颞肌筋膜下分流术治疗外伤性硬膜下积液32例

目的探讨硬膜下积液的外科治疗新方法一钻孔外引流加颞肌筋膜下分流术及其疗效。方法对32例50岁以上外伤性硬膜下积液患者行硬膜下积液钻孔外引流加颞肌筋膜下分流术手术的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果无手术死亡或慢性硬膜下血肿等并发症。近期复查CT硬脑膜下积液消失者26例（81．25％）,明显缩小者6例（18．25％）。随访0．5～5年（平均25个月）,复查CT,硬脑膜下积液均消失。结论钻孔外引流加颞肌筋膜下分流术治疗外伤性硬膜下积液,手术安全可靠、简单易行、效果良好。     

类风湿性关节炎辨证分型与白细胞介素6、18血清水平的关系

目的:探讨白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素18(IL-18)血清水平与类风湿性关节炎(RA)中医辨证分型的关系。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)双抗体夹心法检测RA患者和健康人的外周血IL-6和IL-18的血清水平,分析不同证型两指标之间及其与C反应蛋白、类风湿因子含量的相关性。结果:RA患者IL-6和IL-18血清水平与健康人比较差异具有显著性,活动期RA患者IL-6水平显著高于稳定期患者(P<0.05)。风寒湿阻型患者血清IL-6浓度明显高于痰瘀互结型与肝肾两虚型(P<0.05),而与风湿热郁型无明显差异(P>0.05);而风寒湿阻型患者血清IL-18浓度明显高于风湿热郁型与肝肾两虚型(P<0.05),而与痰瘀互结型无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:IL-6血清水平与RA的活动性密切相关,且与其中医辨证分型存在一定的联系。     

Vitamin B12 and hepatic enzyme serum levels correlate with interleukin-6 in alcohol-dependent individuals without liver disease

Alcohol abuse is a major cause of liver cirrhosis as well as chronic liver disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible correlation, between liver dysfunction biological markers and vitamin B12, with interleukin-6, in the serum of alcohol-dependent individuals without liver disease (AWLD). In a sample of 43 alcohol abusing/dependent subjects (33 males and 10 females) treated on an inpatient basis according to a standard detoxification protocol, the serum activities of the hepatic enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, gamma-GT), as well as the concentration of B12 and IL-6, were determined on admission. A strong positive correlation has been observed between IL-6 and B12, ASAT, ALAT, and gamma-GT at the beginning of the detoxification period. The results confirmed that in alcohol-dependent individuals, the median serum concentration of IL-6, before the beginning of the treatment, had a significant positive correlation with the liver dysfunction biological markers and B12. In conclusion, IL-6 might be used as an additional diagnostic marker for the degree of liver dysfunction in alcohol dependent individuals.     

Acute meningitis prognosis using cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels

Background

Improved diagnostic tests would aid in diagnosing and treating community-acquired meningitis.

Objective

To analyze the diagnostic value of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients presenting with symptoms of acute meningitis.

Material and Methods

In a 6-month prospective, observational, cross-sectional emergency department (ED) study, serum and CSF samples were obtained from all patients with a headache and fever in whom the physician suspected meningitis. Patients were excluded if computed tomography findings contraindicated a lumbar puncture, if they had bleeding disorders, or if their serum indicated bleeding. IL-6 levels were measured and compared in patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) bacterial meningitis.

Results

Samples were obtained from 53 patients, of whom 40 were ultimately found to have meningitis. These 40 patients averaged 49.6 ± 21.9 years, with number of men 18 (45%), hospitalizations 21 (52%), mortality 3 (.07%), and IL-6 average rating 491 (median: 14.5; range 0000–6000). Findings in the two groups were: Group A (with meningitis): n = 13, average IL-6 level: 1495 (median: 604; 25/75 percentiles: 232.5–2030; 95% confidence interval [CI] 371.7–2618.6; range 64–6000). Group B (with aseptic meningitis): n = 27, average IL-6 level: 7.34 (median: 5; 25/75 percentiles: 0.0/15.1; 95% CI 3.94–10.73; range 0–23.6). Mann-Whitney rank sum test: p < 0.0001.

Conclusions

In patients with acute bacterial meningitis, CSF cytokine concentrations are elevated. Measuring CSF inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with acute meningitis could be a valuable ED diagnostic tool. Using this tool could improve the prognosis of patients with bacterial meningitis by allowing more rapid initiation of antibiotic treatment.     

冠心病患者血浆高迁移率族蛋白B1与白细胞介素18水平变化研究

目的研究冠心病fCHDl患者血清白细胞介素-18（IL-18）、高迁移率族蛋白BI（HMGBl）水平变化的临床意义,为CHD的诊疗提供参考。方法CHD组102例为本院确诊患者。对照组52例为健康体检者．采集早晨空腹静脉血5ml于ED．TA-Na2抗凝管中,3000r／min离心15min后采用ELISA法测定HMGBl、IL-18水平。结果CHD组HMGBl、IL-18水平高于对照组（P〈O．01）,CHD组中HMGBl、IL-18水平在不同病变程度各组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其水平与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关。结论HMGBl、II,_18水平变化佐证冠心病的发生和发展中炎症反应在起着重要作用．血浆HMGBl、IL-18水平检测可作为冠心病病程变化的参考指标。     

One-year-old boy with refractory Listeria monocytogenes meningitis due to persistent hypercytokinemia

We had a case of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) meningitis complicated with hypercytokinemia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a healthy 22-month-old boy. He was admitted to our hospital with a fever, vomiting, mild consciousness disturbances, and extraocular muscle paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral deep white matter lesions. After receiving ampicillin, meropenem, and gentamicin, his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results turned negative on the third day of hospitalization. However, the fever intermittently persisted, and it took approximately 40 days to completely resolve. During this period, various inflammatory cytokine levels, particularly neopterin, in the blood and CSF remained elevated. Therefore, long-term administration of corticosteroids in addition to antibiotics was required. The use of dexamethasone appeared to be effective for neurological disorders such as consciousness disturbance and extraocular muscle paralysis associated with abnormal brain MRI findings. LM meningitis may present with encephalopathy and persistent fever due to hypercytokinemia. In such cases, corticosteroid therapy should be considered.     

Typical subdural contrast effusion secondary to endovascular treatment of a pediatric pial arteriovenous fistula

Subdural contrast effusion secondary to endovascular treatment is exceptionally rare and might be mistaken as subdural hematoma because of similar hyperattenuation on computer tomography. The authors present the case of a 13-month-old girl with a history of increased head circumference and developmental retardation. Cerebral digital subtraction angiography showed a high-flow pial arteriovenous fistula fed by multiple arteries on the right cerebellar surface, with occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus and severe stenosis of the left sigmoid sinus. Staged endovascular treatments were performed to eliminate the fistula. Follow-up head computer tomography scans performed 3 h after both procedures demonstrated typical high-density subdural effusion with computer tomography attenuation value similar to hemorrhage. These effusions did not aggravate the condition and disappeared spontaneously 32 h after the first treatment and 29 h after the second, respectively.     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑脊液白细胞介素-6水平研究

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者脑脊液白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平变化及临床 意义.方法 45 例动脉瘤性SAH 患者,均行开颅动脉瘤夹闭治疗,其中23 例术后腰大池置管或脑室置管外 引流术并注入尿激酶治疗,22 例术后间断腰穿治疗,所有的45 例患者均常规尼莫地平治疗.此45 例患者和 对照组10 例患者均收集治疗后1 ～3 d、5 ～7 d、9 ～11 d、13 ～15 d 的脑脊液标本,对脑脊液IL-6 水平进行动 态测定,并观察其疗效和脑血管痉挛的情况.结果 动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑脊液IL-6 显著高于正 常脑脊液水平,5 ～7 d 达高峰值,发病后不同时期各均值变化明显(P <0.05),IL-6 的升高与病情轻重和出血 量及脑血管痉挛有明显的关系,早期的脑脊液引流治疗可使IL-6 水平下降趋势明显.结论 IL-6可作为观 察病情及脑血管痉挛的指标,早期检测脑脊液中IL-6 水平可为指导治疗及预测预后提供依据,试验证实早期 血性脑脊液外引流是预防脑血管痉挛的有效措施.     

血清IL-6、DD水平在预测高血压患者脑出血风险中的作用

目的 分析血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、D-二聚体(DD)水平对高血压患者发生脑出血的预测作用.方法 选取400例高血压患者,随访5年,按是否发生脑出血分为发生脑出血组、未发生脑出血组,检测其血清IL-6、DD水平.采用Logistic回归分析评估高血压患者发生脑出血的危险因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价各项...     

The critical role of interleukin-6, interleukin-1B and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the pathogenesis of bone lesions in multiple myeloma

Summary Lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia are common features of multiple myeloma. In contrast, they are exceptional in other B-cell malignancies. Myeloma bone involvement is related to an uncoupling process associating increased osteoclastic resorption with decreased bone formation. Several osteoclast-activating factors, such as interleukin-1, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-6, are involved in this process. However, interleukin-6, the major myeloma cell growth factor, plays a critical role in myeloma-induced bone resorption.     

Helicobacter pylori infection enhances mucosal interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and the soluble receptor of interleukin-2

It is thought thatHelicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa might stimulate the production of several cytokines, which might trigger and maintain the gastric inflammation associated withHelicobacter pylori infection. In the present study we evaluated interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and the soluble receptor of interleukin-2 both in mucosal homogenates and in the sera ofHelicobacter pylori-infected (39 cases) and uninfected (40 cases) patients to investigate whether there was any relationship between variations in cytokines and (1) the severity ofHelicobacter pylori-associated gastritis or (2) CagA-positiveHelicobacter pylori strains. Mucosal, but not serum levels of interleukins-1 and-6 and interleukin-2 receptor were significantly higher in infected than uninfected patients, Serum levels ofHelicobacter pylori antibodies were significantly higher in infected than uninfected patients, These levels correlated with mucosal interleukin-1β. The degree of antral or body inflammatory grade was higher in infected than in uninfected patients; cytokines levels were higher in patients with high-grade gastritis, most of whom wereHelicobacter pylori positive. Patients infected with CagA-positive strains also had higher levels of interleukin-1β, but not of interleukin-2 receptor or interleukin-6. In conclusion,Helicobacter pylori infection results in a local increase in interleukins-1β and-6 and interleukin-2 receptor associated with high-grade mucosal inflammation. Interleukin-1β seems to favor anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody production, and mucosal levels are enhanced mainly in patients infected with cytotoxicHelicobacter pylori strains.     

Efficacy of teicoplanin in experimental group B streptococcal bacteremia and meningitis

We evaluated the activity of teicoplanin against a type-III group B streptococcal strain in vitro and in vivo and compared the results with those of penicillin G. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of teicoplanin were 2- to 4-fold greater than those of penicillin G. In vivo studies were carried out with an experimental bacteremia and meningitis model in newborn rats. Eighty-one infected animals were randomized to receive teicoplanin 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, twice daily, or penicillin G 50 or 200 mg/kg, twice daily, or saline (0.05 ml), twice daily. The mean serum levels of teicoplanin were maintained above 100 X the minimal bactericidal concentration for 7-8 h even with a dose of 5 mg/kg. The mean penetration of teicoplanin into the cerebrospinal fluid was estimated as 2.4-8.2% of those of concomitant levels in serum. The overall efficacy of teicoplanin was similar to that of penicillin G as judged by mortality rates. However, two bacteremic animals which were free of meningitis at the beginning of therapy developed this complication during 4 days of teicoplanin therapy, in contrast with none in the penicillin group. Further studies are needed to understand the reason(s) for these failures with teicoplanin therapy.     

Efficacy of imipenem in experimental group B streptococcal bacteremia and meningitis

We evaluated the activity of imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) against a type III group B streptococcal strain in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of imipenem were 15 mg/l. In vivo studies using an infant rat model of group B streptococcal bacteremia and meningitis revealed that imipenem was highly effective. This was shown by (1) rapid bacterial clearance from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid; (2) rapid sterilization of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid; (3) prevention of the development of meningitis in bacteremic animals, and (4) reduction in mortality. Even 10 mg/kg of imipenem produced the mean serum bactericidal titers greater than 1:100 and cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal titers greater than or equal to 1:16 at 1-2 h after subcutaneous administration. These findings suggest that the activity of imipenem is bactericidal in vitro and in vivo and may be an effective regimen against group B streptococci in this experimental model of bacteremia and meningitis.     

Efficacy of cefmenoxime in experimental group B streptococcal bacteraemia and meningitis

Cefmenoxime, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in comparison with penicillin G against a type III group B streptococcal strain. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of the two drugs were very close (less than or equal to 2 dilutions). In-vivo studies using experimental bacteraemia and meningitis in newborn rats revealed that despite similar drug levels, cefmenoxime had significantly greater bactericidal titres in blood at 6-7 h after administration and bacterial clearance from blood was significantly faster with cefmenoxime than with penicillin G at the end of one day of treatment. In addition, all animals with cefmenoxime therapy had bactericidal titres in cerebrospinal fluid greater than or equal to 1:8 at 1-2 h after administration, whereas most (67%) animals receiving penicillin G had titres less than 1:8. However, overall efficacy of cefmenoxime was similar to that of penicillin G. These findings suggest that cefmenoxime may be an effective alternative against group B streptococcal infection.     

血清同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C、白细胞介素-6水平与老年冠心病合并抑郁情绪的关系

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C、白细胞介素-6水平与老年冠心病合并抑郁情绪的关系。方法收集老年冠心病患者103例,进行ZUNG抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,根据评分结果分为冠心病伴有抑郁组与不伴抑郁组,记录年龄、性别、体质量指数等一般资料,并测定血清同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C、白细胞介素-6,血脂水平等相关资料。结果 103例冠心病患者中男性46例(44.66%),女性57例(55.34%),伴有抑郁情绪59例(57.28%),其中男性有21例(35.6%),女性38例(64.5%),男女冠心病患者伴抑郁情绪差异有统计学意义,冠心病伴有抑郁组同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C、白细胞介素-6明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。结论同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C、白细胞介素-6水平升高对老年冠心病抑郁情绪的发生、进展具有重要意义。     

组织因子、白介素-6和血管内皮生长因子对CHF患者预后的判断价值

目的:研究组织因子(tissuefactor,TF)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后中的地位。方法:选择59例CHF患者和20例健康者,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELASA)检测血浆中各细胞因子的含量。结果:与对照组相比,CHF患者血浆中TF、IL-6与VEGF含量明显升高(P<0.05);1年内发生心脏事件的TF、IL-6和VEGF含量分别为(267±32)pg/mL、(412±27)pg/mL和(148±12)pg/mL,与未发生心脏事件患者血浆中细胞因子含量相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);线性相关分析IL-6、VEGF含量与TF含量成正相关(r=0.589、r=0.232,P<0.0001);Logistic多因素回归中年龄、糖尿病、甘油三酯、左心室射血分数(≤30%)、IL-6和TF与CHF患者预后成正相关,VEGF未进入回归模型,TF和IL-6与CHF患者的预后密切相关(r=5.12、r=6.34,P<0.012、P<0.011)。结论:血浆中I...     

血清同型半胱氨酸及白细胞介素-6和超敏C-反应蛋白在急性脑卒中病程中的变化及其意义

目的 观察血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在不同病情程度急性脑卒中(AS)患者中的差异.方法 选择AS患者126例.按临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准进行病情程度及预后分组.分别测定发病后第3、14、28天血清Hcy、IL-6、hs-CRP浓度.选择同期健康体检者108名作为对照组.结果 ①AS组血清Hcy、IL-6和hs-CRP水平明显高于健康对照组[(58.24±9.86)、(17.12±4.23)μmol/L,(59.64±13.82)、(18.46±4.62)ng/L,(19.78±6.12)、(2.28±0.82)mg/L,t值分别为2.623、2.761、3.746,P均＜0.01];②发病第3天重、中、轻型AS组血清Hcy、IL-6、hs-CRP水平均高于健康对照组(P均＜0.01),且重型组、中型组高于轻型组(P均＜0.01);发病第14天重型组与中型组高于轻型组及健康对照组(P均＜0.01);发病第28天重型组高于中、轻型组及健康对照组(P均＜0.01).③发病第28天基本治愈组与显著进步组较无变化组的血清Hcy、IL-6、hs-CRP水平明显降低[(16.12±4.74)、(18.42±5.02)、(48.69±7.89)μmol/L,(19.52±5.67)、(20.74±6.13)、(51.26±11.66)ng/L,(3.21±1.36)、(3.24±2.51)、(8.86±1.32)mg/L,P均＜0.01].结论 血清Hcy、IL-6、hs-CRP是临床评价AS严重程度和预后的重要生物学指标.     

Ceftriaxone therapy of group B streptococcal bacteraemia and meningitis in infant rats

The efficacy of ceftriaxone against group B streptococci was studied in vitro and in vivo with an infant rat model of group B streptococci bacteraemia and meningitis. Twenty-four strains demonstrated minimal inhibitory concentrations of ceftriaxone of 0 . 05-0 . 1 mg/l and minimal bactericidal concentrations of 0 . 1-0 . 4 mg/l. Four strains were selected to induce bacteraemia and meningitis in infant rats by intraperitoneal inoculation. All 45 bacteraemic animals with or without meningitis that were treated with ceftriaxone 2 mg/kg/dose every eight hours for five doses survived, while all 12 control animals died (P less than 0 . 001). When recultured 54 h after the last dose of ceftriaxone, both CSF and blood remained sterile in all treated animals. These results indicate group B streptococci to be sensitive to ceftriazone in vitro and that, in the low dosage used, ceftriaxone effectively eradicates group B streptococcal bacteraemia and meningitis in infant rats.     

Association of catastrophizing with interleukin-6 responses to acute pain

Catastrophizing exerts its deleterious effects on pain via multiple pathways, and some researchers have reported that high levels of catastrophizing are associated with enhanced physiological reactivity to painful stimulation. In this project, 42 generally healthy adults underwent a series of psychophysical pain testing procedures assessing responses to noxious mechanical, heat, and cold stimuli. Pain catastrophizing cognitions were assessed prior to and then immediately after the various pain induction procedures. Blood samples were taken at baseline and then at several time points from the end of the procedures to 1h post-testing. Samples were assayed for serum levels of cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Both cortisol and IL-6 increased from baseline during the post-testing period (p's<.05), with cortisol returning to baseline by 1h post-testing and IL-6 remaining elevated. Pain catastrophizing, measured immediately after the pain procedures, was unrelated to cortisol reactivity, but was strongly related to IL-6 reactivity (p<.01), with higher levels of catastrophizing predicting greater IL-6 reactivity. In multivariate analyses, the relationship between catastrophizing and IL-6 reactivity was independent of pain ratings. Collectively, these findings suggest that cognitive and emotional responses during the experience of pain can shape pro-inflammatory immune system responses to noxious stimulation. This pathway may represent one important mechanism by which catastrophizing and other psychosocial factors shape the experience of both acute and chronic pain in a variety of settings.