Gait analysis of patients with resurfacing hip arthroplasty compared with hip osteoarthritis and standard total hip arthroplasty

Patients with standard total hip arthroplasties may have reduced hip abduction and extension moments when compared with normal nonosteoarthritic hips. In comparison, patients after resurfacing total hip arthroplasty appear to have a near-normal gait. The authors evaluated temporal-spatial parameters, hip kinematics, and kinetics in hip resurfacing patients compared with patients with unilateral osteoarthritic hips and unilateral standard total hip arthroplasties. Patients with resurfacing walked faster (average 1.26 m/s) and were comparable with normals. There were no significant differences in hip abductor and extensor moments of patients with resurfacing compared with patients in the standard hip arthroplasty group. This study showed more normal hip kinematics and functionality in resurfacing hip arthroplasty, which may be due to the large femoral head.     

螺旋臼全髋关节置换术治疗发育性髋关节发育不良

目的探讨使用螺旋臼假体治疗发育性髋关节发育不良（DDH）继发骨性关节炎患者的临床疗效。方法自2003年5月至2007年12月，使用Zweymaller螺旋臼假体治疗40例（43髋）DDH继发骨性关节炎患者，其中男6例（6髋），女34例（37髋），平均年龄47．6岁（22～70岁）；单侧37例，双侧3例；Crowe分型：Ⅰ级6例，Ⅱ级24例，Ⅲ级10例，Ⅳ级3例。平均随访24．6个月，术前Harris评分最高61分，最低22分，平均43．5分。结果所有患者术后疼痛基本消失，双下肢长度差异平均1．2cm，2例术后出现股神经损伤症状，术后6个月症状基本消失，Harris评分最高97分，最低62分，平均85．3分。结论使用Zweymtiller螺旋臼假体治疗DDH继发骨性关节炎的患者，可以达到良好的恢复关节功能的临床疗效，手术不需大块植骨和骨水泥，初期临床效果满意。     

植骨髋臼成形的人工全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良

目的 :探讨髋关节发育不良成人患者的植骨髋臼成形的人工全髋关节置换方法和疗效。方法 :自 1993年～ 2 0 0 4年 6月 ,对 66例 (81髋 )髋关节发育不良 ,根据影像解剖学的特点 ,将其分为 4型 ,采用自体植骨于髋臼缘 10～ 3点钟位 ,改变髋臼朝向 ,并加深髋臼或植骨下移重建臼顶和后柱后壁等 6项要点 ,正确安置骨水泥型人工全髋假体抑生物型假体。结果 :对 66例 81髋的髋关节发育不良病人术后经平均 5年 2个月随访 ,植入骨均愈合 ,关节功能采用Harris评分 ,优 (>90 ) 42例 5 3髋 ,良 (80～ 89) 17例 2 2髋 ,尚可 (70～ 79) 7例 7髋 ,无失败 (<70 )者 ,优良率为 89 4%。术后有 9例并发症 ,且均已治愈或改善。结论 :成人髋关节发育不良须进一步认识解剖和临床特点 ,自体骨植入重建髋臼顶和后柱后壁 ,使旋转中心下移和内移 ,是使人工全髋关节成功置换和提高疗效的关键     

全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)的手术方法并评价其临床疗效。方法12例DDH患者根据Crowe分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型2例。全部采用B iom et全髋假体置换。髋臼假体均为生物型固定,股骨假体除2例骨水泥固定,其余为生物型固定。3例髋臼重建利用自体股骨头于髋臼前外方植骨造盖,9例于真臼水平将髋臼内移;3例股骨重建于转子下截骨短缩并纠正前倾;Ⅲ、Ⅳ型DDH行关节周围软组织松解。结果患者术后均未出现坐骨神经麻痹、下肢深静脉栓塞、切口感染及早期人工关节脱位等并发症。肢体延长最多4.8 cm,平均2.8 cm。随访6个月~2年,Harris髋关节评分由术前平均40.7分提高到84.5分,未发生人工关节脱位或假体松动。结论对有症状的DDH或强烈要求改善步态的年轻患者,全髋置换术是一种有效的治疗方法。     

髋关节强直双髋关节同时置换的探讨

[目的]探讨强直性脊柱炎晚期引起的髋关节骨性强直双侧髋关节同时置换术的方法和疗效.[方法]对19例(38髋)强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直患者在全麻口插、鼻插下或气管切开插管麻醉下施行双侧同时全生物型全髋关节置换术,手术采用后外侧切口入路,两次截骨后髋臼成形的方法,根据髋关节术前畸形状态调整髋臼及股骨柄角度,安装大一号生物臼、股骨柄假体紧密压配.指导患者早期肌肉及关节功能锻炼.术后均进行了最短1年,最长8年,平均5.5年的随访,对临床疗效及手术相关问题进行探讨.[结果]术后2例出现脱位,经及时手法复位后未再脱位,2髋在扩髓击入假体股骨柄时出现股骨距裂纹骨折,未做特殊处理.6髋发生轻度异位骨化,根据Brooker分期,Ⅰ级3髋,Ⅱ级3髋,病人除感不适外,对功能无明显影响.术后患者均能生活自理.放射学评定骨皮质较术前有明显增粗,骨小梁结构稀疏改善明显.所有患者髋关节主动屈伸活动由术前的0°增加到随访时的平均81°(650～115°),活动度平均达到160.(110°～230°).[结论]强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直双髋关节同时置换可重建患者髋关节,恢复关节功能,提高生存和生活质量.双侧髋关节同时置换有利于双下肢关节功能的协调发展,也可避免两次择期手术间隔时间里因使用不当导致的人工关节损坏,同时能节约患者医药费用又可减轻患者痛苦,利于其他矫形手术开展和负重功能恢复.     

应用人工全髋关节置换术重建骨性融合的髋关节功能

[目的]评价人工全髋关节置换术重建骨性融合的髋关节的临床和影像学结果。[方法]本组32例(36髋)髋关节骨性融合的患者行人工全髋关节置换术。其中男性18例,女性14例,手术时平均年龄36.5岁。自发性骨性融合20髋,手术融合16髋。平均融合时间为18年7个月;术前16例主诉周围关节疼痛;27例严重跛行和畸形。随访时间平均6年11个月(4～10年);对其临床及放射线影像学结果进行分析。[结果]手术切口均一期愈合,无切口感染,髋关节Harris评分由术前的(52.7±9.2)分提高到术后的(85.1±8.1)分;平均髋关节活动范围:伸直0°位、屈曲86°±10.1°、外旋25°±6.2°、内旋20.1°±5.3°、外展29.7°±6.3°和内收21.3°±5.1°。X线影像学表现:髋臼侧骨溶解5例,髋臼假体松动1例,股骨柄松动1例,异位骨化形成10例。[结论]人工全髋关节置换术重建骨性融合的髋关节,可以缓解周围关节疼痛、增加髋关节的活动度、改善平衡下肢长度和矫正髋关节畸形,从而提高患者生活质量。     

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of hip diagnosed with hip arthroscopy

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a synovial proliferative disorder that rarely involves the hip joint. It is an inflammatory response to an unknown agent. Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip usually presents with extensive joint destruction because of the limited joint space. Various methods of treatment modalities including synovectomy, total hip arthroplasty, radiation therapy and arthrodesis were used for treating this disease in hip joint. Diagnosis and treatment with hip arthroscopy is a new and less invasive modality comparing to open procedures.     

Total hip arthroplasty with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, we implanted 23 cementless cups and femoral head autografts in 20 patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In this study, a retrospective study was made on 21 hips in 20 patients (18 females and 2 males, aged 50 years on an average) with developmental hip dysplasia treated by THA with a cementless cup and femoral head autograft. The acetabular cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum and all the patients required autogenous femoral head grafts due to acetabular deficiency. The average rate of the acetabular cup covered by the femoral head autograft was 31% ( ranging from 10 % to 45 % ). Eight hips had less than 25 % cup coverage and thirteen between 25% and 50%. The average follow-up period was 4.7 years (range, 1-8 years). The replacing outcome was evaluated by modified Harri ship score. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results: All the autografts were united to the host bones. No autograft was collapsed or no component from the hip was loosed in all the patients. According to the modified Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 46 before operation to 89 at the final review. Before operation, the leg-length discrepancy was greater than 2 cm in all the patients except one with bilateral hip dysplasia. After operation, only 2 out of 20 patients had a leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. Three hips showed minor bone resorption in the lateral portion of the graft, which did not support the cup. Three hips developed Grade 1 Brooker heterotopic ossification and one developed Grade 2. Conclusions: THA with a cementless cup and a femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis resulted from hip dysplasia can result in favorable outcomes. This method can provide reliable acetabnlar fixation and restore the aeetabular bone stock in patients with developmental hip dysplasia when the cementless cup covered by the graft does not exceed 50 %.     

Recurrent hip instability after hip reconstruction in cerebral palsy children with spastic hip disease

BackgroundMigration percentage (MP) is widely used to evaluate hip stability in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Orthopedic surgeons need more objective information to make a proper hip reconstruction surgical plan and predict the outcome.MethodsMedical records and plain radiographs of children with CP who underwent the hip reconstruction procedure for dysplasia were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsIn total, 253 operated hips (140 patients; 11.7 ± 3.3 years old) were included in this study. MP at pre-operative (T_pre) was 35.3 ± 22.5%; at immediate follow-up (T_post) was 5.9 ± 9.5%; at last follow-up (T_final) was 9.8 ± 10.8% (4.5 ± 2.3 years post-operative at age 16.3 ± 2.8 years). In hips with Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale (MCPHCS) grade 3 (n = 78), around 30–45% had an unsatisfactory outcome at T_post and T_final. However, hips categorized as other grades showed only 2.1–9.1% of unsatisfactory outcome. In less affected hips (pre-operative MP<30%, n = 122), 109 hips (89.3%) had varus derotation osteotomy only, the other 13 hips (10.7%) were combined with a pelvic osteotomy. In more severely affected hips (pre-operative MP ≥ 30%, n = 131), 26 hips (19.8%) had varus derotation osteotomy only, the other 105 hips (80.2%) were combined with a pelvic osteotomy.ConclusionsHips with pre-operative MP between 15 and 29% (MCPHCS grades 3) can be a higher risk group of recurrent hip instability after hip reconstruction surgery. Multiple indications beyond MP should be considered when indicating pelvic osteotomy or hip muscle release as combined procedures with varus femoral osteotomy for hip reconstruction in this milder group to achieve a consistent long-term satisfactory outcome.     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直的功能重建

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎合并双侧髋关节骨性强直时的全髋关节置换方法及其注意事项。方法对17例24～52岁强直性脊柱炎患者骨性强直的34侧髋关节行Zweimüller非骨水泥型全髋关节置换手术。髋关节强直在屈曲0°～100°(平均37°),其中超过90°强直者3例6髋。术前需助行器者7例。生活不能完全自理者9例。所有患者均在一次性经口腔(10例)或鼻腔(7例)气管插管麻醉下完成双侧手术。3例患者后期行脊柱后凸畸形矫正术。结果患者髋关节活动度由术前的0°改善为术后复查时的屈伸平均77°(55°～120°),屈伸、收展、内外旋总活动度平均为150°(105°～230°)。术中有1例因股骨颈截骨造成髋臼后壁缺损,经修补后恢复。术后近期无神经血管损伤、关节脱位、感染等并发症发生,随访18～47个月无假体松动、移位。除2例3髋长时间行走有轻微疼痛外,其余患者无疼痛,患者的生活质量明显提高,1例患者仍需助行器。结论手术技术熟练者可一次顺利完成强直性脊柱炎双髋骨性强直的双侧髋关节置换术,采用Watson-Jones入路可在完成骨性强直的髋关节置换的同时完成髋关节前方的软组织松解;术中注意神经、血管的保护可顺利完成90°以上屈曲骨性强直畸形髋关节的置换;术后康复的重点是锻炼患者的肌力和肌肉活动的协调性;采用自体血回输可以     

先天性髋关节脱位的全髋关节置换术

目的了解先天性髋关节脱位患者行全髋关节置换术后的中远期疗效。方法先天性髋关节脱位患者行全髋关节置换术32例36髋,随访28例31髋,随访时间平均9.5年(3.5~18年)。脱位分类:低位脱位或半脱位15髋,中位脱位11髋,高位脱位5髋。固定方法:髋臼侧,10髋为骨水泥固定,21髋为非骨水泥固定;股骨侧,12髋为骨水泥固定,19髋为非骨水泥固定。结果1例术中发生小转子劈裂,1例术后发生下肢静脉炎,3例两侧肢体不等长2cm以上,1例发生股动脉栓塞。4髋发生假体松动,1髋为大转子不愈合而松动,1髋为单纯假体柄松动,2髋为假体柄和髋臼假体均发生松动;其余27髋Harris评分为85分(术前48分)。结论先天性髋关节脱位的全髋关节置换术,手术相对比较复杂,并发症较多,手术中特别需要考虑两侧肢体的长度、外展肌的平衡、软组织的松解、髋臼骨缺损的处理及假体的选择。     

Total hip arthroplasty in adolescents with severe hip arthropathy and dysplasia associated with camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome

Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome is a rare disorder. Patients with this syndrome experience early symptomatic arthropathy of the hips. We report a case of adolescent siblings with bilateral arthropathy associated with CACP syndrome in which total hip arthroplasty was performed as treatment of severe associated disability. Postoperative Harris Hip Scores for patient 1 were 86 for the right at 18 months and 96 for the left at 12 months. Postoperative Harris Hip Score at 6 months for patient 2 was 53; however, he had good range of motion and lacked deformity. Based on our limited experience and the limited available clinical data, we feel that total hip arthroplasty is a reasonable treatment option for adolescents with debilitating hip arthropathy associated with CACP syndrome.     

Arthroplasty of the hip joint in children and adolescents with congenital hip dislocation

The work is devoted to operative treatment of children with repeated dislocations and ankyloses of the hip joint after operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. The dura mater, demineralized allocups and polymer self-resolving film were used as interlayers. Best results were obtained in arthroplasty with using demineralized allocups, polymer self-resolving film or their combinations.     

Intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with the trochanteric fixation nail and sliding hip screw

The primary treatment options for intertrochanteric hip fractures are a sliding hip screw (SHS) and an intramedullary device, with each having its own advantages and disadvantages. The authors retrospectively compared all intertrochanteric hip fractures between 2003 and 2005 using a cephalomedullary nail--the trochanteric fixation nail (TFN)--to those using a SHS. Outcome measures included the following parameters: age, gender, fracture classification, operation time, blood loss, transfusions, complications, follow-up, length of stay, and hospital cost. A total of 95 patients were included in the study (51 SHS and 44 TFN). The two groups were similar in age (p = .52), blood loss (p = .20), follow-up (p = .13), length of stay (p = .63), and hospital costs (p = .70). The TFN procedure required shorter operative times (56.5 min, p < .004) and was used in more complex fracture patterns (p < .03). The SHS group had fewer blood transfusions (1.2 units, p < .0008). The SHS group had a higher complication rate of 19.6%, versus the TFN group's 11.4% rate (p = .13). The TFN is an appropriate and acceptable treatment method for intertrochanteric hip fractures.     

Developmental hip dysplasia treated with total hip arthroplasty with a straight stem and a threaded cup

BACKGROUND: Operative strategies to overcome the anatomical anomalies in patients with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip remain controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of total hip replacement with a grit-blasted cementless threaded cup and a cementless straight stem in patients with developmental dysplasia. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with developmental hip dysplasia who had been treated with a total of 121 cementless total hip arthroplasties were clinically assessed at a mean of 9.3 years. The acetabular reconstruction was done with a cementless threaded cup, which was medialized to ensure that at least one thread was anchored in the bone in order to achieve good primary stability. All radiographs were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis, with radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening as the end point, predicted a survival rate of 97.5% for the acetabular component and 100% for the femoral stem at 9.3 years. The average Harris hip score for the unrevised hips improved from 34.0 points preoperatively to 84.1 points at the latest follow-up evaluation. The average total volume of polyethylene wear at the time of final follow-up was 73.6 mm(3). CONCLUSIONS: These wear and loosening rates demonstrate that very good results were achieved in this relatively young patient population when the hip joint center had been properly restored, even when a small cup with a thin polyethylene liner had been used.     

Newly developed hip geometry parameters are associated with hip fracture

BackgroundThe conventional and newly developed geometry parameters at the femoral neck have formed a large geometry profile and their relationship with hip fracture was largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the geometry profile and hip fracture in Chinese.MethodsThe hip geometry profile contains seven conventional geometry parameters at femoral neck (FN) and thirty newly developed parameters at three sub-regions (Narrow Neck, NN; Intertrochanter, IT; Femoral shaft, FS) of the total hip. Based on 6294 recruited Chinese (≥65 years), 97 subjects with osteoporotic fracture (OF) history and 388 matched controls were selected. The t test, Chi-square statistic, conditional logistic regression model were used.ResultsThree geometric parameters (endocortical diameter, ED; cortical thickness, CT; buckling ratio, BR) have consistent differences at all the sites between the cases and controls (p < 0.01). Conventional geometry parameters (e.g., cross-sectional area, CSA; BR) and the newly developed parameters (e.g., NN_ED, NN_Outer Diameter, IT_ED) were identified as the risk factors of hip fracture independent of BMD. The additional predictive ability of the hip geometric parameters, over BMD alone, (receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis) was improved. Especially at NN, the area of ROC used single NN_BMD is only 0.596, but increased rapidly at 0.705 when combined with the hip geometric parameters.ConclusionsThis study found that three newly developed hip geometry parameters are associated with hip fracture. The results will increase our understanding of the determinants of fracture and provide potential clue for future prevention of fracture in Chinese Population.