前胸壁径路腔镜甲状腺手术经验总结(附77例报告)

目的：探讨前胸壁径路腔镜甲状腺手术的手术技巧和临床效果。方法：回顾分析2004年5月至2005年 8月我院行前胸壁径路、三孔法，术中不断离颈前肌的腔镜甲状腺手术病例的病理结果、手术时间、失血量及术后引 流量及喉返神经麻痹等情况。结果：本组病人共77例，男19例，女58例，平均年龄43． 1(22～66) 岁，甲状腺肿块平均 直径2． 3(0． 9～5． 0) cm，行单侧次全切除65例；部分切除3例；双侧甲状腺手术9例；暴露患侧喉返神经45例。平均手 术时间82． 4(35～230) min，术中失血量29． 2(14～68) ml，术后第1天的引流量84． 0(33～155) ml，术后第1天平均体 温37． 4(36． 2～38． 5) ℃，平均住院天数6． 7(3～11) d。病理结果：结节性甲状腺肿59例，腺瘤5例，甲状腺慢性炎症3 例，术中冷冻切片提示甲状腺乳头状癌5例，另有5例术后石蜡切片提示乳头状癌，其中3例术后1～2周内行传统 患侧全切除加对侧次全切除术；术后第1～2天发生声音嘶哑5例，观察随访2～6周后恢复正常发音。结论：前胸壁径 路腔镜甲状腺手术过程中，对肿块＜5． 0cm 的病例不需常规切断颈前肌；在行甲状腺次全及全切除时，应尽量暴露并 保护喉返神经，同时尽可能避免超声刀热力对喉返神经的损伤。对病灶较小的甲状腺乳头状癌，尤其是微灶癌的病 例行腔镜手术是可行的；但其远期临床疗效需进一步观察。     

The risk factors for the development of complications during the recovery phase following blunt chest wall trauma: A retrospective study

Study objective

The difficulties in the management of the blunt chest wall trauma patient in the Emergency Department (ED) due to the development of late complications are well recognised in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of complications in the recovery phase following blunt chest wall trauma.

Methods

A retrospective study was completed in which the medical notes were analysed of all blunt chest wall trauma patients presenting to a large trauma centre in South Wales in 2009 and 2010. Using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for development of complications during the recovery phase following blunt chest wall trauma were investigated.

Results

Risk factors for development of complications in the recovery phase following blunt chest wall trauma in the univariate analysis were a patient age of 65 years or more, three or more rib fractures, presence of chronic lung disease or cardiovascular disease, pre-injury anticoagulant use and blood oxygen saturation levels of less than 90%. On multivariable analysis, the risk factors were three or more rib fractures, chronic lung disease, pre-injury anticoagulant use and oxygen saturations of less than 90%.

Conclusion

A number of risk factors have been presented in this study which should be considered in the management of the blunt chest wall trauma patient. This is the first study in which a number of the risk factors have been investigated and this may provide the basis for further prospective studies.     

Comparative histological analysis of anterior vaginal wall in women with pelvic organ prolapse or control subjects. A pilot study

The purpose of this study was to compare smooth muscle content of anterior vaginal wall in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and control subjects. Specimens were taken in the midline from the apex of anterior vaginal cuff from eleven women with POP and eight control subjects operated for hysterectomy without prolapse. Masson’s trichrome stain was used to determine the distribution of collagen in the extracellular matrix of the vaginal muscularis and to quantify the collagen in area of interest. Slides of alpha smooth muscle actin were detected using antibodies. Morphometric analysis was used to compare and to quantify the smooth muscle content of the vaginal muscularis. Fractional area of nonvascular vaginal smooth muscle of women with POP was significantly decreased in comparison to control subjects (41.9 vs 61.9%, p = 0.005). Fractional area of connective tissue was significantly increased (56.8 vs 35%, p = 0.004). Fractional area of blood vessels was similar (2.2 vs 3.4%, p = 0.20).     

A simplified method for separate measurements of lung and chest wall mechanics in ventilator-treated patients

BACKGROUND: Airway pressure measurements above the endotracheal tube will be distorted because of endotracheal tube resistance. To separate lung and chest wall compliance, esophageal pressure is conventionally measured with an air-filled balloon catheter, which is difficult to insert in unconscious patients. We have developed a methodology with fluid-filled catheters for intratracheal and esophageal pressure measurements. METHODS: Twelve anesthetized patients were studied. Tidal volumes were measured by side-stream spirometry. Airway pressures were measured at the Y-piece and in the trachea with fluid-filled pressure lines. Esophageal pressure was measured via the narrow lumen in a fluid-filled Salem double-lumen stomach tube, which was slowly retracted from the stomach up through the esophagus until maximal respiratory pressure readings and minimal cardiac artifacts were obtained. Lung mechanics were measured at different tidal volumes (TV) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between airway pressures at the Y-piece and in the trachea. Total compliance significantly increased with increasing TV and decreased with increasing PEEP. Chest wall compliance increased significantly with increasing TV, while lung compliance did not change significantly. Two patients showed repeatedly marked increase in lung compliance at one specific ventilatory setting, an increase the proportion of which was not reflected by changes in total compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Y-piece pressures are not representative of intratracheal pressures, which can be measured by inserting a fluid-filled pressure line through the tube. Esophageal pressure is easily recorded with a fluid-filled Salem double-lumen catheter. Large changes in lung compliance may pass unnoticed when only total compliance is monitored. Monitoring of lung compliance may offer an improved basis for decisions about ventilator settings.     

Pilot study of operative fixation of fractured ribs in patients with flail chest

Background: Flail chest is a serious injury in trauma with a significant mortality rate, and long‐term pain and disability. Traditionally, management has consisted of internal pneumatic splinting, leading to prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation, and its attendant complications. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of operative fixation of broken ribs in flail chest using absorbable prostheses. Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients with severe flail chest injury were enrolled in this pilot study. Surgery was planned after viewing three‐dimensional reconstructions of the computed tomography scans of the chest. The plates were applied to the external cortical surface of the rib after reducing the fracture. Segmentally fractured ribs were usually plated only once to convert the flail segment to simple fractured ribs and correct the paradoxical wall motion abnormality. Results: All patients had a good surgical result. On average, four ribs were fixed per patient. All patients were able to be weaned from mechanical ventilation and all patients were discharged from the hospital. There were no deaths. No plates had to be removed. In all patients, the flail chest was successfully stabilized and paradoxical chest wall movement was eliminated. Conclusion: This pilot study of operative fixation of broken ribs in patients with flail chest, using absorbable plates and screws, has shown the technique to be safe and effective. On the basis of these results, a prospective randomized trial has commenced at The Alfred Hospital, comparing this management strategy with conservative management.     

A phase I dose escalation trial of gemcitabine with radiotherapy for breast cancer in the treatment of unresectable chest wall recurrences

The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of gemcitabine when given concurrently with standard radiotherapy for the treatment of chest wall recurrences, and to compare actuarial rates of local-regional control with those achieved in historical controls. Patients with unresectable chest wall recurrences were enrolled in a phase I trial of concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy. Gemcitabine was increased at 150 mg/m(2)/week increments, starting at 300 mg/m(2)/week. Radiotherapy was delivered to the chest wall and regional nodes to a total of 60 to 70 Gy in 2 Gy daily fractions. Treatment toxicity was assessed and a comparison of treatment outcome was performed between study patients and historical groups treated with either radiotherapy alone or excision followed by radiotherapy. The dose-limiting toxicities of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred at the second planned dose of 450 mg/m(2)/week after accrual of only six patients, resulting in a MTD of 300 mg/m(2)/week. Myelosuppression and skin desquamation were commonly observed. Actuarial rates of local-regional control were 100%, 50%, and 90% at 2 years for the gemcitabine with radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, and excision followed by radiotherapy groups, respectively (p = 0.105). The difference among the Kaplan-Meier curves for overall local-regional control was statistically significant at p = 0.007 in favor of combined gemcitabine and radiotherapy. The MTD of gemcitabine is 300 mg/m(2)/week when gemcitabine is delivered concurrently with radiotherapy for unresectable chest wall failures. This novel approach suggests excellent local-regional control when compared to historical controls. A phase II trial is warranted.     

An innovative technique of chest wall stabilization and reconstruction in traumatic flail chest: The figure-of-eight suture with polypropylene mesh and musculofascial flap

Surgical stabilization of the flail chest is challenging and has no established guidelines. Chest wall integrity and stability are the main factors that ensure the protection of intrathoracic organs and an adequate respiratory function. Here, we report a novel chest wall reconstruction technique in a 45-year-old man with a traumatic left flail chest and open pneumothorax diagnosed both clinically and radiographically. Rib approximation and chest wall reconstruction was done using intercostal figure-of-eight suture and polypropylene mesh with vascularized musculofascial flap. The patient improved gradually and was discharged after three weeks of total hospital stay. He returned to regular working after a month with no evidence of respiratory distress or paradoxical chest movement. Follow-up visit at one year revealed no lung hernia or paradoxical chest movement. This is a novel, feasible and cost-effective modification of chest wall reconstruction that can be adopted for thoracic wall repair in case of open flail chest, which needs emergency surgical interventions even in resource constraint settings.     

自体与同种异体组织重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床对比研究

目的　观察自体与同种异体移植物关节镜下重建膝关节前交叉韧带 (ACL)的疗效与差异。方法　将 5 3例ACLⅢ度损伤患者随机分为自体组织移植组 (A组 ,n =2 5 )和同种异体组织移植组 (B组 ,n =2 8)。A组包括骨 髌腱 骨 15例 ,4股半腱肌腱或半腱加股薄肌腱重建 10例 ;B组包括骨 髌腱 骨 18例 ,6股半腱加股薄肌腱 4例 ,2股胫后肌腱 4例 ,跟腱骨重建 2例。两组患者术前、术后均行理学检查、Lysholm Tegner和IKDC膝关节综合功能评定及关节活动度测量仪 (KT 2 0 0 0 )检测。随访 12～ 31个月 ,平均 19个月。结果　手术前后两组各项指标有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;但两组间术后除B组手术耗时短和术后发热时间较长外 ,其它各项指标均无明显统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 )。两组术后健、患侧对比 ,胫骨前移小于 3mm分别达 88%和 86 % ;而 >5mm分别占 4 %和 7 1% ;感染率为 0 %和 3 5 %。结论同种异体与自体移植物重建ACL疗效相近 ,对多发韧带损伤、韧带重建翻修及中老年或运动量较少的患者 ,同种异体移植组织仍是重建ACL良好的替代物     

Outcome of posterior wall blowout in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)reconstruction via anteromedial portal approach: A retrospective research in 20patients with 6 years follow-up

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical outcome in patients who received anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction via anteromedial portal with or without posterior wall blowout.

Use of the anterior rectus sheath for abdominal wall reconstruction: A study in cadavers

Our aim was to evaluate the amount of tension present after incision and undermining of the anterior rectus sheaths and the external oblique muscles in 20 fresh adult cadavers. Resistance to traction of the anterior and posterior rectus sheaths towards the midline was measured at three stages of dissection: before any aponeurotic undermining; after incision and undermining of the anterior rectus sheaths; and after incision and undermining of the external oblique muscles associated with the previous dissection. Significance of differences was assessed using non-parametric tests. There was a significant reduction in tension in the anterior and posterior sheaths on both levels after each stage of dissection. The incision and undermining of the anterior rectus sheaths and the external oblique muscles promoted a progressive reduction in tension at the aponeurotic edges of the abdominal wall.     

Investigation and treatment of poor drains of dialysate fluid associated with anterior abdominal wall leaks in patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Reduced dialysate fluid volume and genital and abdominal-wall oedema occurring many months after initiation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been investigated in 20 patients using computed tomographic peritoneography. Leaks into the anterior abdominal wall at the site of insertion of the Tenckhoff catheter have been demonstrated in a series of 14 patients. Nocturnal peritoneal dialysis alone led to resolution of leaks in four of the nine patients who underwent this mode of treatment. Four of the failures plus a further four patients successfully underwent either resuture of the peritoneum or replacement of the catheter. A policy for management of proven anterior abdominal-wall leaks in CAPD patients is described, consisting of nocturnal peritoneal dialysis for 2 weeks followed by surgical intervention if the former is unsuccessful.     

Fetal liver magnetic resonance imaging in anterior body wall defects: a study of specimens from the museum of pathology

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the appearance of liver anatomy in fetuses with complex anterior body wall defects (ABWD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods. Nineteen specimens from the National Museum of Pathological Anatomy (Vienna) with a wide range of ABWD were studied on a 1.5-T MR scanner (T₁- and T₂-weighted sequences) with special focus on the liver and the relationship between the large lesion and the adjacent structures.Results. The contrast of T₂-weighted sequences was superior to that of the T₁-weighted images. The liver was found in an intraabdominal location in 3 cases and in a completely extraabdominal location in 11 fetuses. Five fetuses had a very special configuration or position of the liver. Furthermore, the images showed an anteriorly located confluence of hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava in 5 specimens. Associated malformations of the complexly structured malformations involved the urogenital tract, the central nervous system (CNS), the cardiac system and the musculoskeletal system. Prenatal fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in one fetus confirmed the liver in a both inside/outside position, whereas the diagnosis at fetal ultrasound scan (US) in this case had been uncertain.Conclusions. These results show that MRI may play an important part in antenatal diagnosis of ABWD, complementary to prenatal US. Prenatal fast MRI should be considered if fetal US yields ambiguous findings.     

The effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on quality of life: A prospective cohort study with 5-years follow-up

Background

Obesity has a negative effect on quality of life (QoL). Bariatric surgery results in significant weight loss with improvement of QoL. Very few studies have evaluated QoL after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), especially with a long-term follow-up.

Abdominal wall reconstruction with Two‐step Technique (TST): a prospective study in 20 patients

Abdominal wall defects continue to be a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons. The aim of our study was to report a 3‐year experience using a simple Two‐step Technique (TST) to treat abdominal wall defects. Between January 2008 and December 2010, 20 patients with abdominal wall defects were treated by TST. Patients had a mean age of 37·5 ± 14·9 years (range: 22–85 years); 5 were women and 15 were men. The size of the defects was prospectively analysed. Early and late complications were recorded. Hospital stay, post‐procedure downtime and patient overall satisfaction were systematically assessed. A secondary defect resulting from self‐manipulation and an infection were responsible for a complication rate of 10%. Both underwent successful surgical revision which led to full resolution. The average hospital stay was 11·2 ± 4·9 weeks for the series. Long‐term complications were scar hyperpigmentation in 11 cases, scar hypertrophy in 5 cases and scar widening in 3 cases. Mean patient satisfaction was 8·3 ± 0·5 [visual analogue scale (VAS) 0–10]. Average downtime post surgery was 4·1 ± 1·2 weeks. The mean follow‐up was 24·6 ± 6·7 months. Reconstruction of abdominal wall defect with the TST is a reliable and reproducible technique. This technique provides excellent outcomes, and we anticipate that it will become widespread in the near future.     

Three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in elderly patients with wedge shaped tricortical autologous graft: A consecutive prospective series

Background:

Treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy/radiculopathy is a matter of debate, more so in elderly patients due to compromised physiology. We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of cervical fusion, using wedge-shaped tricortical autologous iliac graft and Orion plate for three-level anterior cervical discectomy in elderly patients.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve elderly patients with mean age of 69.7 years (65–76 years) were treated between April 2000 and March 2005, for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, using wedge-shaped tricortical autologous iliac graft and Orion plate. Outcome was recorded clinically according to Odom''s criteria and radiologically in terms of correction of lordosis angle and intervertebral disc height span at the time of bony union. The mean follow-up was 29.8 months (12–58 months).

Results:

All the patients had a complete recovery of clinical symptoms after surgery. Postoperative score according to Odom''s criteria was excellent in six patients and good in remaining six. Bony union was achieved in all the patients with average union time of 12 weeks (8–20 weeks). The mean of sum of three segment graft height collapse was 2.50 mm (SD = 2.47). The average angle of lordosis was corrected from 18.2° (SD = 2.59°) preoperatively to 24.9° (SD = 4.54°) at the final follow-up. This improvement in the radiological findings is statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Cervical fusion with wedge-shaped tricortical autologous iliac graft and Orion plate for three-level anterior cervical discectomy is an acceptable technique in elderly patients. It gives satisfactory results in terms of clinical outcome, predictable early solid bony union, and maintenance of disc space height along with restoration of cervical lordosis.     

Prospective study of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction associated with high tibial opening wedge osteotomy in knee arthritis associated with instability

IntroductionChronic ACL insufficiency with associated varus malalignment due to knee osteoarthritis (OA) is challenging to treat surgically. A combined ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) without using any metallic implant for HTO is an effective technique.Materials and methodAll the patients attending the outpatient department ACL injury and with associated medial compartment OA (Kellegren's grade 2 and grade 3) were considered for inclusion in the study. Forty patients who met inclusion criteria were included in the study. Simultaneous ACLR (single bundle of quadrupled hamstring graft fixed with Endobutton on femoral side and biointerference screw on the tibial side) along with medial opening wedge osteotomy (with tricalcium phosphate wedge) was done. The patients were assessed with IKDC, KOOS scores and any change in anterior tibial translation was also checked.ResultsThe combined procedure showed mean varus angle correction of 9° (10.5–1.5°), and the mechanical axis of the knee was restored from an average of 172–181.5°. There was a significant improvement in knee score (KOOS and IKDC) after the surgery (p < 0.05). The average time for the radiological union of the osteotomy was 3.56 months. The anterior tibial translation was improved. No intraoperative complications and slippage of the synthetic graft were noted in any case.ConclusionsCombined ACLR with HTO (using TCP wedge, without any hardware) is a reliable method that prevents rapid progression of OA. It reliably corrects varus deformity and obviates the use of any hardware.     

阴式子宫切除术联合阴道前后壁修补术对子宫脱垂合并阴道壁膨出患者术后疼痛及复发的影响

目的探讨阴式子宫切除术联合阴道前后壁修补术对子宫脱垂合并阴道壁膨出患者术后疼痛及复发的影响。 方法选取2017年1月到2019年1月,安徽省马鞍山市中心医院收治的90例子宫脱垂合并阴道壁膨出患者。采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组。对照组45例采用单纯阴道前后壁修补术进行治疗,观察组45例采用阴式子宫切除术联合阴道前后壁修补术进行治疗,2组术后随访1年。比较2组治疗后的临床疗效及手术前后视觉模拟评分（VAS）;统计2组围手术期手术相关指标及并发症发生率和随访1年的复发率。采用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行数据分析。 结果观察组总有效率为93.33%,显著高于对照组的71.11%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与手术前相比,术后3～7 d,2组VAS评分均呈逐渐降低趋势,且术后3、7 d观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组术中出血量明显较少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的住院时间、肛门排气时间、手术时间等明显较短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组并发症发生率、随访1年复发率分别为6.67%、2.22%,显著低于对照组的26.67%、24.44%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论阴式子宫切除术联合阴道前后壁修补术治疗子宫脱垂合并阴道壁膨出,可显著改善患者围手术期相关指标的情况,减轻患者术后疼痛,并能降低患者并发症发生率及术后复发率,临床疗效显著。     

Chlamydia pneumoniae accompanied by inflammation is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis in CAPD patients: a prospective study for 3 years.

BACKGROUND: The causes of accelerated atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are unknown, although recent studies have suggested that Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) infection and inflammation might be contributing factors. We aimed to evaluate the association of carotid atherosclerosis progression with Cp infection and inflammation in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS: This is a prospective observational study. A total of 52 non-diabetic prevalent PD patients were included. The intima-media thickness of a common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) was measured at baseline and after 36 months by B-mode ultrasonography. Serum antibodies to Cp and inflammatory markers were obtained at the time of initial measurement of the CCA-IMT. RESULTS: CCA-IMT progressors (deltaCCA-IMT > or = 0.015 mm/year) had a higher prevalence of seropositivity for Cp IgA antibody, a higher level of Cp IgA antibodies indices, log IL-(interleukin-)6, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) compared to the non-progressors (deltaCCA-IMT < 0.015 mm/year). On multivariate analysis, Cp IgA index and log IL-6 were independent risk a factors for CCA-IMT progression. Also, Cp IgA index had independent positive correlation with the magnitude of annual deltaCCA-IMT. Cp IgA antibody seropositive patients showed significantly higher mean annual deltaCCA-IMT than seronegative patients. Moreover, patients with both positive Cp IgA antibodies and elevated IL-6 above the median level showed higher deltaCCA-IMT than those with either factor alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that Cp and inflammation were significant risk factors of CCA-IMT change in PD patients. This study strengthens evidence that Cp is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and also suggests that the effect of Cp infection under high inflammatory status might be a risk factor for progression of atherosclerosis.