单侧全膝关节置换术后两下肢受力不对称性的影响因素

全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是晚期膝骨关节炎最常见的手术治疗手段。已有研究发现,单侧TKA术后两下肢受力不对称,对侧膝关节承担更大载荷,从而使骨关节炎加重面临再次置换的风险。综述单侧TKA术后可能引起两下肢受力不对称的影响因素,主要介绍下肢力线、疼痛、肌肉、本体感受、心理原因等;同时探讨这些影响因素对人体总的影响效果、人体对不对称载荷的补偿机制以及临床干预手段。通过对单侧TKA术后两下肢受力影响因素的分析,可以制定针对性的临床干预手段,用以减小患者对侧膝关节发展为骨关节炎甚至置换的风险。     

Total knee arthroplasty with computer-assisted navigation more closely replicates normal knee biomechanics than conventional surgery

Background

Computer-assisted navigation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) reduces variability and may improve accuracy in the postoperative static alignment. The effect of navigation on alignment and biomechanics during more dynamic movements has not been investigated.

术前膝内外翻畸形程度对全膝关节置换术后疗效的影响研究

目的 探讨术前膝内外翻畸形程度对全膝关节置换术（TKA）后疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2020年6月因膝关节骨关节炎于武汉大学人民医院行初次全膝关节置换术的患者174例（178膝）。依据术前患肢髋膝踝角度分为A组（膝内翻≤10°）、B组（10°＜膝内翻≤20°）、C组（膝外翻≤10°）、D组（10°＜膝外翻≤20°）。其中,男27例,女147例;年龄65 ～ 88岁,平均（72.8±6.2）岁。记录术前及术后1周术侧HKA角,术前1周及术后末次随访时的HSS、ROM、AKS评分、VAS评分、AOFAS评分。对以上指标进行组间比较及相关性分析。结果 174例患者均获得随访,随访15 ～ 66个月,平均（42.0±16.0）个月。各组术后1周时HKA角均较术前明显改善（P＜0.05）;末次随访时各组患者的HSS评分、ROM评分、AKS功能和活动评分、AOFAS评分均较术前明显提高（P＜0.05）;VAS评分均较术前明显下降（P＜0.05）。不同程度内/外翻的术前各项指标、术后HKA及优良率、AOFAS评分比较,内/外翻程度越严重,结果越差（P＜0.05）;术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS功能及活动评分、VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。膝内翻患者的术前HKA角与术前HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分、AOFAS评分、术后AOFAS评分正相关（P＜0.05）,与术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分无相关（P＞0.05）。膝外翻患者的术前HKA角与术前HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、AOFAS评分、术后AOFAS评分负相关（P＜0.05）,与术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分、术前VAS评分无相关（P＞0.05）。结论 从中期随访来看,患者术前膝内、外翻畸形的严重程度对术后HKA对线优良率、术后踝关节功能、术前膝关节功能有显著影响,而对术后膝关节功能无显著影响。     

Short-term functional advantages after medial unicompartmental versus total knee arthroplasty

Background

There are many uncertainties about the advantages and disadvantages of using unicompartmental (UKA) versus total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to treat patients with knee osteoarthritis. It is important to have sufficient early postoperative quadriceps strength for long-term, self-reported and gait-related outcomes after knee arthroplasty, but very limited comparative data exist regarding UKA and TKA patients.

Interleukin-6 and leptin levels are associated with preoperative pain severity in patients with osteoarthritis but not with acute pain after total knee arthroplasty

Background

Identifying drivers of pain that can serve as novel drug targets is important for improving perioperative analgesia. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with significant postoperative pain. Cytokines contribute to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) and associated pain. However, the influence of perioperative cytokine levels after TKA surgery upon postoperative pain remains unexplored.

Longitudinal study of knee load avoidant movement behavior after total knee arthroplasty with recommendations for future retraining interventions

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate clinical and biomechanical changes in self-report survey, quadriceps strength and gait analysis over 3- and 6-months post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and confirm the immediate effects of two forms of kinetic biofeedback on improving inter-limb biomechanics during a physically demanding decline walking task.MethodsThirty patients with unilateral TKA underwent testing at 3- and 6-months following surgery. All underwent self-report survey, quadriceps strength and gait analysis testing. Patients were assigned to one of two types of biofeedback [vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), knee extensor moment (KEM)].ResultsNo decrease in gait asymmetry was observed in non-biofeedback trials over time (p > 0.05), despite significant improvements in self-report physical function (p < 0.01, Cohen d = 0.44), pain interference (p = 0.01, Cohen d = 0.68), numeric knee pain (p = 0.01, Cohen d = 0.74) and quadriceps strength (p = 0.01, Cohen d = 0.49) outcomes. KEM biofeedback induced significant decrease in total support moment (p = 0.05, Cohen f² = 0.14) and knee extensor moment (p = 0.05, Cohen f² = 0.21) asymmetry compared to using vGRF biofeedback at 6-months. vGRF biofeedback demonstrated significant decrease in hip flexion kinematic asymmetry compared to KEM biofeedback (p = 0.05, Cohen f² = 0.18) at 6-months.ConclusionGait compensation remained similar from 3- to 6-months during a task requiring greater knee demand compared to overground walking post-TKA, despite improvements in self-report survey and quadriceps strength. Single session gait symmetry training at 6-month supports findings at 3-month testing that motor learning is possible. KEM biofeedback is more effective at immediately improving joint kinetic loading compared to vGRF biofeedback post-TKA.     

Gait and functional status analysis before and after total knee arthroplasty

Background

Among the procedures for severe gonarthrosis, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered a successful method patient satisfaction and functional improvement; however, TKA is commonly associated with incompletely recovered gait function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of TKA and physiotherapy programmes on gait features and patient-reported functional status and the relationship between them, leading to broader knowledge of the origins of long-term gait disturbances.

Visual knee-kinetic biofeedback technique normalizes gait abnormalities during high-demand mobility after total knee arthroplasty

Background

Abnormal knee mechanics frequently follow total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery with these deficits amplifying as task demands increase. Knee-kinetic biofeedback could provide a means of attenuating gait abnormalities. The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to describe the gait characteristic differences between patients with TKA and non-TKA adults during level (low-demand) and decline (high-demand) walking; and (2) where differences existed, to determine the impact of knee-kinetic biofeedback on normalizing these abnormalities.

Preoperative quadriceps weakness preferentially predicts postoperative aberrant movement patterns during high-demand mobility following total knee arthroplasty

Background

Nearly all patients with total knee arthroplasty show aberrant movement patterns during tasks requiring greater joint demand compared to matched peers. Greater movement compensation leads to increased loading onto other joints, decreased functional capacity and limited reserve for independence later in life. Understanding how preoperative predictors contribute to postoperative aberrant movement patterns is needed to make better decisions for patients considering total knee arthroplasty.

人工全膝关节研究新进展

膝关节是人体最大、解剖最复杂、对运动要求最高的关节之一。全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)在全世界每年以高于10%的比例增长。TKA是在全髋关节置换术的基础上发展起来的,经过近30的发展,取得了很大进展。本文对近年来假体类型的演变、假体几何外形与尺寸的研究,以及膝关节生物力学方面取得的突破进行了阐述;对目前TKA中存在争议的问题进行了讨论;并结合目前最新发展的技术,对TKA未来发展的方向进行了展望和预测。     

Analysis of the factors that correlate with increased knee adduction moment during gait in the early postoperative period following total knee arthroplasty

Background

Analysis of dynamic knee loading during gait is essential to prevent mechanical failures following total knee arthroplasty. External knee adduction moment during gait is the primary factor producing medial joint reaction force, and an increase in the moment is directly related to an increase in the medial compartment load on the knee.

髌周去神经化预防全膝关节置换术后膝前疼痛

目的　依据髌周解剖学特点,探讨全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）中应用髌周电灼去神经化的临床效果。 方法　纳入82名诊断为骨性关节炎的患者（91膝）,予行双侧或单侧不置换髌骨的TKA,按随机对照原则将病人分为两组,共有41名实验组患者（45膝）在TKA中接受了髌周去神经化处理,41名对照组患者（46膝）未做该处理。手术主刀为同一骨科医师,均使用相同的膝关节假体系统。主要评价项目包括膝关节KSS评分、Western Ontario and McMaster Universities（WOMAC）、Feller髌骨评分及VAS评分。 结果　82名患者术后均获随访,平均随访时间为12个月,两组病人的膝关节KSS评分、WOMAC、Feller髌骨评分及VAS评分均无显著统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论　在TKA中行髌周电灼去神经化,不能显著改善病人的预后。     

Tourniquet time in total knee arthroplasty

Background

Whether the arterial tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a friend or a foe is still debated.Longer ischemia causes hypoxic damage; yet short duration of a tourniquet may influence outcome. Understanding the time-dependent influence of the tourniquet in TKA patients could improve the overall outcome and safety. The purpose of the study was to measure the tourniquet-induced time-dependent alterations in skeletal muscle metabolism in TKA to establish a ‘safe tourniquet time.’

旋转平台全膝置换术治疗治疗重症膝关节炎34例的临床观察

目的探讨旋转平台全膝置换治疗重症膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法对2007年1月～2009年10月我院34例（41膝）人工旋转平台全膝置换术进行临床分析和总结,行HSS[5,6]膝关节评分系统进行分析。结果术后平均随访17个月（5～31个月）,手术前HSS（thehospitalforspecialsurgery）评分平均51分,手术后评分平均92分,手术优良率为91%。病人术后在膝关节疼痛,功能和活动度方面有明显改善。结论旋转平台全膝置换术对治疗重症膝关节炎有良好的疗效。     

膝内翻患者全膝关节置换术后保留轻度内翻对临床效果的影响

目的 评价膝内翻患者全膝关节置换术后保留轻度内翻对临床效果的影响。方法 对2016年3月至2019年11月于武汉大学人民医院因膝内翻膝关节骨性关节炎行TKA治疗的93例（93膝）患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中,男17例,女76例;年龄71 ～ 87岁,平均77岁。按患者术后下肢力线角度将患者分为中立组、轻度内翻组、严重内翻组。用ROM、HSS、AKS评分量表评价患者膝关节功能。结果 患者随访时间15 ～ 47个月,平均（24.4±8.9）个月,ROM术前平均（49.9±6.7）°,术后末次随访中立组、轻度内翻组、严重内翻组分别为平均（111.4±5.3）°、（112.2±5.0）°、（103.1±2.7）°,HSS评分术前平均（52.4±3.0）分,术后末次随访中立组、轻度内翻组、严重内翻组分别为平均（84.2±3.0）分、（87.1±2.6）分、（81.6±1.9）分,AKS功能评分术前平均（49.8±2.8）分,术后末次随访中立组、轻度内翻组、严重内翻组分别为平均（73.2±5.3）分、（80.1±3.0）分、（72.6±1.5）分,AKS活动评分术前平均（60.5±3.7）分,术后末次随访中立组、轻度内翻组、严重内翻组分别为平均（86.0±2.6）分、（89.9±2.0）分、（80.6±2.9）分,三组术后HSS、AKS评分均较术前有所提高,差异有统计学意义。结论 从短期随访来看,膝内翻患者全膝关节置换术后保持3° ～ 6°的轻度内翻会带来更好的临床疗效,但目前还不能判断内翻对齐和翻修率之间是否存在关联。     

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is associated with lower proportions of surgical site infection compared with total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective nationwide database study

BackgroundThis study aimed to clarify the association between types of knee arthroplasty (KA) (total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or unicompatmental knee arthroplasty (UKA)) and surgical site infection (SSI) with adjustment for various factors, using a Japanese national database.MethodsData on 181,608 patients who underwent unilateral primary KA for osteoarthritis from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. SSI was identified based on International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes. Deep SSI (i.e. periprosthetic joint infection (PJI)) was identified as SSI treated with surgical procedures. Multivariable logistic regression analyses for SSI and PJI were performed, in which dependent variables included types of KA, patient backgrounds (sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, comorbidities), and seasonality.ResultsEight percent of analyzed patients underwent UKA, while 92% underwent TKA. The proportions of SSI and PJI after UKA were 0.9% and 0.3%, respectively, both of which were lower than those after TKA (1.9% and 0.6%) (P < 0.001). Multivariable analyses showed lower proportions of SSI for UKA (adjusted odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–0.60; P < 0.001) and PJI (adjusted odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.65; P < 0.001) than TKA. Other factors associated with both SSI and PJI included male sex, BMI >30 kg/m², renal dysfunction and summer season.ConclusionUKA was associated with lower proportions of SSI and PJI than TKA. Surgeons should carefully consider the indication of UKA before performing TKA, especially in patients with knee unicompartmental osteoarthritis who are at a high risk for SSI or PJI.     

全膝关节表面置换术后切口非感染性渗出的危险因素分析

目的 探讨引起全膝关节表面置换术（TKA）术后切口非感染性渗出的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集2018年1月至2022年4月河南大学第一附属医院骨科一病区因膝关节骨性关节炎行全膝关节表面置换术的210例患者的临床资料。根据术后切口是否发生非感染性渗出分为渗出组（16例）和非渗出组（194例）。将可能引起切口非感染性渗出的因素纳入单因素与多因素分析,找出引起切口非感染性渗出的因素。结果 经单因素分析,BMI、术前白蛋白、手术部位、手术时间、术中出血量、缝合方式、加压包扎时间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。经二元Logistic回归分析,BMI（OR=1.218,P=0.014）、术前白蛋白（OR=0.680,P＜0.001）、缝合方式（OR=7.967,P=0.002）差异有统计学意义。结论 BMI、术前白蛋白水平、缝合方式是影响TKA术后切口非感染性渗出的危险因素。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of in vivo patellofemoral kinematics after total knee arthroplasty

Simulated partial weight bearing during magnetic resonance imaging of the knee was used to measure patellar tilt, medial–lateral patellar shift, and patellofemoral contact area in three groups of subjects; patients with posterior cruciate retaining (PCR) TKA, patients with bicruciate substituting (BCS) TKA, and healthy controls. Contact stress was also calculated based on the contact area and body weight-based estimates of contact force. Contact stress was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in PCR knees (2.5 ± 3.0 MPa) than in BCS knees (0.2 ± 0.1 MPa) when knees were fully extended, but this difference was not significant (3.7 ± 3.5 MPa for PCR knees vs. 1.4 ± 1.9 MPa for BCS knees; p > 0.05) in early flexion. The results also indicate that patellar tilt (normal = 2.4° ± 4.8°, BCS = 5.5° ± 5.5°, PCR = − 3.0° ± 6.9° change in lateral tilt when moving from full extension to early flexion) and contact area (full extension: normal = 267 ± 111 mm², BCS = 344 ± 201 mm², PCR = 83 ± 80 mm²; early flexion: normal = 723 ± 306 mm², BCS = 417 ± 290 mm², PCR = 246 ± 108 mm²) in BCS TKA mimic those in the normal knees more closely than PCR knees do. These results suggest that the patellar component in BCS TKA may be expected to experience less wear than the patellar component in PCR TKA over time.     

Preoperative varus deformity of the knee affects the intraoperative joint gap in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

BackgroundIt is generally believed that contraction of the soft tissue structures on the medial side may occur in the knee with severe varus deformity. However, the relationship between the severity of varus deformity of the knee and the intraoperative soft tissue balance in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has not been well reported thus far.MethodsOne hundred and three consecutive medial UKAs were enrolled. After the femoral trial prosthesis was placed, the component gap was measured at 10° (extension) and 120° (flexion) of flexion using a UKA tensor. The pre-osteotomy gap was then calculated from the thickness of the bone cut. Paired Student’s t-test was used to compare the component gap, as well as the pre-osteotomy gap, in extension and those in flexion. The relationship between the preoperative Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angle and the pre-osteotomy gap was analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe component gap in extension was significantly smaller than that in flexion while the pre-osteotomy gap in extension was significantly wider than that in flexion. There was a positive correlation between the severity of varus deformation in preoperative knee and the pre-osteotomy gap in extension, while there was no correlation between the preoperative HKA angle and the pre-osteotomy gap in flexion.ConclusionsThe tension of the medial tightness does not correlate with the degree of preoperative varus deformity in UKA.     

Instrumented gait analysis in patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee after mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Background

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Instrumented gait analysis provides an objective measure to quantify and qualify postoperative changes of gait. The purpose of this study was to evaluate standardized instrumented gait analysis for functional recovery and gait as an outcome of mobile-bearing UKA in patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee.