乌司他丁联合连续性血液滤过对多器官功能障碍综合征患者白介素-6、白介素-8、肿瘤坏死因子α的影响

目的观察乌司他丁联合连续性血液滤过对多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者血浆炎症因子的影响。方法 50例MODS患者依入院顺序分为观察组（乌司他丁联合连续性血液滤过）与对照组（血液滤过）,比较两组的肾功能指标、炎症因子白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）指标的变化及住院时间、连续性血液滤过（CVVH）的使用时间、APACHEⅡ评分变化情况。结果两组患者的肾功能指标尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组较对照组降低更明显（P〈0.05）。两组患者血清中IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α治疗后均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组较对照组降低更明显（P〈0.05）。两组APACHEⅡ评分均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组较对照组降低更明显（P〈0.05）。观察组患者的CVVH使用时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论 CVVH联合乌司他丁能清除MODS患者血浆多种炎症介质因子,并能改善患者的肾功能,缩短住院时间,值得推广和应用     

连续性血液滤过对多器官功能障碍患者炎性介质的影响

目的 探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）在治疗多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者过程中对其炎性介质的影响。方法 选择30例危重患者，诊断符合MODS标准，分为实验组和对照组；实验组进行常规综合治疗和CVVH治疗，对照组患者采用常规综合治疗，观察2组患者血液及滤液中的白介素-1（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）的变化。结果实验组CVVH前后IL-1β无变化（P〉0．05），血TNF-α、CRP在CVVH后呈降低趋势（P〈0．01）；临床症状也明显改善；对照组无明显变化，且有轻度升高。结论 对MODS患者应用CVVH治疗，可以清除炎症介质，减少其对组织器官的损害；并通过稳定内环境，调节水、电解质及酸碱平衡，进而达到改善临床症状提高生存率的目的。     

血必净注射液对急危重症患者多器官功能障碍的阻断作用研究

目的探讨血必净注射液对急危重症患者全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）和多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）阻断作用的临床意义。方法将120例急危重症患者APACHEⅡ评分〉13分,随机分为对照组（60例）和血必净治疗组（简称治疗组,60例）,观察入院后第1、3、7、10天血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6含量,血常规,肝、肾功能及APACHEⅡ分值,ICU住院天数、病死率、发生MODS例数。结果治疗组治疗后第3、7、10天血清TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平较对照组有不同程度下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;第3、7天CRP较对照组明显下降（P〈0.01）。第3、7、10天血WBC、BPC、ALB、Tbil、Cr及ALT较对照组明显改善（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。治疗组器官衰竭率、病死率、住ICU天数及第7、10天APACHEⅡ分值均低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论血必净注射液可明显抑制血浆内毒素产生,下调促炎介质TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平,改善微循环和组织灌注,保护重要脏器功能,阻断SIRS恶性发展及MODS形成。     

早期免疫型肠内营养对全身炎症反应综合征影响的临床研究

目的：观察早期免疫型肠内营养治疗全身炎症反应综合征的临床疗效、血清炎症细胞因子及免疫球蛋白水平的变化。方法：选择我院重症医学科（ICU）全身炎症反应综合征患者70例,按随机数字表法分为对照组（34例）和试验组（36例）。两组一般治疗措施相同,对照组给予常规肠内营养,试验组在常规营养支持基础上每日添加生理需要量的鱼油、谷氨酰胺及精氨酸。两组均治疗7 d。两组于治疗前后行急性生理与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）和SIRS评分,检测C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL-1、IL-6I、L-8）、免疫球蛋白（Ig G、Ig A、Ig M）水平。结果：两组治疗前APACHEⅡ、SIRS评分,CRP、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6I、L-8、Ig G、Ig A、Ig M水平比较,差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。与对照组比较,试验组治疗后APACHEⅡ、SIRS评分,CRP、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8下降更为显著（均P〈0.05）;Ig G、Ig A、Ig M显著增高（均P〈0.05）。结论：早期免疫型肠内营养能提高患者免疫功能,减轻全身炎症反应程度,促进患者康复。     

老年脓毒症合并心肌损伤患者心肌损伤 标志物、炎症因子与预后的相关性分析

目的 探讨老年脓毒症合并心肌损伤患者心肌损伤标志物、炎症因子变化及其与急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ（acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ）、序贯器官衰竭评估（sequential organ faiure assessment,SOFA）评分的相关性。方法 选取浙江省立同德医院2018年2月至2021年2月收治的66例老年脓毒症患者纳入研究,将合并心肌损伤者纳入观察组（n=33）,无心肌损伤者纳入对照组（n=33）。比较两组患者的心肌肌钙蛋白I（cardiac troponin I,cTnI）、肌酸激酶同工酶（creatine kinase isoenzymes,CK-MB）、肌红蛋白（myoglobin,Mb）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分情况,采用Pearson相关分析法分析血清cTnI、CK-MB、Mb、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分的相关性。结果 观察组患者的血清cTnI、CK-MB、Mb、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析结果显示,血清cTnI、CK-MB、Mb、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分均呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 老年脓毒症合并心肌损伤患者的血清cTnI、CK-MB、Mb、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平升高,可直接反映患者的病情和预后。     

不同血液净化方式对伴急性肾衰的多器官功能障碍疗效的研究

目的:观察血液灌流(HP)联合持续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗伴急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的临床疗效,并探讨其机制。方法:将40例伴ARF的MODS患者随机分为两组,一组单纯以CVVH治疗,另一组以HP+CVVH治疗,比较两组治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分改善、尿素氮、肌酐和TNF-α及IL-6变化情况。结果:两组治疗后,患者临床状况改善;APACHEⅡ评分均下降,联合治疗组下降更明显;尿素氮和肌酐均下降,两组之间无差别;血清TNF-α及IL-6均降低,但联合治疗组明显优于单纯治疗组(P<0.05)。结论:血液灌流联合持续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗伴ARF的MODS可有效调节患者炎症因子水平,提高疗效。     

高容量连续性血液净化治疗脓毒血症致早期急性肾损伤的临床对照研究

目的探讨高容量连续性血液净化（CBP）治疗对脓毒血症致早期急性肾损伤（AKI）患者的疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法选择60例脓毒血症致早期AKI患者随机进行高容量（70ml&#183;kg^-1&#183;h^-1）、标准容量（35ml&#183;kg^-1&#183;h^-1）连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗,动态观察APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分及细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α的变化,比较两组的转归及对炎症因子的影响。结果和标准容量组比较,高容量组存活率明显增高,肾功能恢复时间明显缩短,APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分下降早且幅度大,两组治疗前TNF-α、IL-6均较正常人显著升高,治疗后高容量组TNF-α、IL-6水平下降早且显著,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论高容量CBP技术在脓毒血症致早期AKI患者中的应用能更好地清除炎症细胞因子,降低病死率,促进肾功能恢复。     

2型糖尿病大血管病变与血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平的变化

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（DM）及大血管病变患者血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平的变化。方法：双抗体夹心ELISA法和特种蛋白分析仪检测2型糖尿病组（20例）、2型糖尿病大血管并发症组（20例）和正常对照组（20例）患者血清中CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平的变化。结果：2型糖尿病及大血管并发症组血清IL-6、TNF-α及CRP的水平较正常对照组均有升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,大血管并发症组IL-6、TNF-α及CRP的水平较2型DM组也有升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：2型糖尿病可能是细胞因子CRP、IL-6、TNF-α介导的炎症反应,是一种免疫性疾病。     

严重多发伤患者血浆TNF-α动态变化及临床意义

目的探讨严重多发伤患者血浆TNF-α动态变化以及与APACHEⅡ评分相关性。方法运用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）测定36例严重多发伤患者伤及12例体检健康者血浆TNF-α的水平。同时对36例多发伤患者进行APACHEⅡ评分。结果多发伤患者血浆TNF-α水平显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）;多发伤合并多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者血浆TNF-α水平及APACHEⅡ评分显著高于未合并MODS（非MODS）患者（均P〈0.01）;死亡组血浆TNF-α水平及APACHEⅡ评分显著高于存活组（均P〈0.05）;血浆TNF-α水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈显著正相关（r=0.837P〈0.01）。结论严重多发伤患者血浆TNF-α水平与APACHEⅡ评分有良好的相关性;测定TNF-α水平有助于判断预后,对早期诊断MODS可起预警作用。     

脉冲高容量血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎患者血清HMGB1 的影响

目的 观察重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者血清HMGB1 的水平,并比较脉冲高容量血液滤过 （PHVHF）和持续静脉静脉血液滤过（CVVH）对SAP 患者血清HMGB1、CRP、TNF-α、ET 水平以及 APACHE Ⅱ评分的影响。方法 对42 例SAP 患者进行基线数据采集,其中39 例患者随机分为CVVH 组（19 例） 和PHVHF 组（20 例）,CVVH 组进行常规剂量35 ml/（kg·h）血液滤过。PHVHF 组进行每日短时间（6 ～ 8 h）85 ml/（kg·h）高容量血液滤过,此后再进行常规剂量35 ml/（kg·h）的CVVH 治疗。观察HMGB1、 CRP、TNF-α、ET 水平及APACHE Ⅱ评分在0、24、48 及72 h 的变化。结果 SAP 患者的ET、CRP、 TNF-α 及HMGB1 的水平高于健康对照者。使用Pearson 相关分析发现,HMGB1 和ET 呈正相关（r = 0.912,P <0.05）,HMGB1 和CRP 呈正相关（r =0.678,P <0.05）,HMGB1 和TNF-α 呈正相关（r =0.906, P <0.05）,HMGB1 和APACHE Ⅱ无相关性（r =0.287,P >0.05）。PHVHF 组和CVVH 组治疗后24、48 及72 h 的HMGB1、CRP 及APACHE Ⅱ评分均较治疗前下降（P <0.05）,而TNF-α 和ET 各时间点比较差异无 统计学意义（P >0.05）。PHVHF 组与CVVH 组同时间比较,HMGB1、TNF-α 及ET 在48 h 差异有统计学 意义（P <0.05）,CRP 和APACHE Ⅱ在72 h 差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 SAP 患者的血清HMGB1 升高,并与ET,CRP,TNF-α 水平呈正相关。PHVHF 比CVVH 更有效地降低血清HMGB1、CRP 水平及 APACHE Ⅱ评分。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.