体重10kg以下婴幼儿体外循环管理体会

目的回顾性总结92例体重为10kg以下婴幼儿的体外循环（CPB）管理体会。方法对我院92例体重10kg以下婴幼儿先心病手术的临床资料（年龄、性别、体重、手术类型）及CPB方法（CPB设备、预充液成分、CPB时间、升主动脉阻断时间等）做回顾性分析。结果全组病例CPB时间16—223min，升主动脉阻断时间0—108min。92例均顺利脱机，5例术后死亡。结论婴幼儿CPB需性能稳定的心肺机及膜式氧合器，尽可能减少预充量，合理的预充，良好的心肺保护，结合超滤技术，可提高手术成功率。     

腔静脉负压辅助引流在低体重患儿手术中的应用

目的 回顾性总结本院18例10 kg以下低体重婴幼儿先天性心脏病手术过程中选择性应用腔静脉负压辅助引流（vacuum assistant venous drainage,VAVD）进行体外循环（extracorporeal circulation,ECC）的管理经验.方法 全组收集了2005年12月至2006年5月的18例10kg以下低体重婴幼儿先天性心脏病手术的临床资料（年龄、性别、体重、手术类型）和ECC情况（ECC设备、预充液组成、预充量、ECC时间、升主动脉阻断时间、血细胞压积）,并对上述资料进行回顾性分析.结果 全组病例18例,男12例,女6例,年龄6～23m,体重4.8～10kg,ECC时间28～249min,升主动脉阻断时间8～135min,全组病例均顺利脱机,一例术后死亡.结论 在低体重婴幼儿ECC过程中应用腔静脉负压辅助引流技术可以保证良好腔静脉引流、最大限度地减少预充量、提供适当的流量灌注、维持合理的内环境和血细胞压积、维持理想的晶胶比.     

129例8kg以下婴幼儿心脏手术的体外循环管理

目的总结8 kg以下婴幼儿心内直视手术的体外循环管理经验.方法2002年1月～2004年2月,129例8 kg以下婴幼儿行体外循环心内直视手术,男:84例,女:45例,年龄13天～2岁2个月(8.9±4.9)月,体重2.95～8kg(6.6±1.3)kg.100例使用dideco901膜肺,13例采用心脏不停跳下手术,其余均阻断升主动脉,灌注冷晶体心脏停搏液,浅或中低温高流量灌注.结果体外循环时间7～371 min(60.0±37.4)min,主动脉阻断时间3～148min(28.5±13.6)min,开放升主动脉后心脏自动复跳率为96.6%,术后早期死亡10例,死亡与体外循环技术无关.结论低体重婴幼儿体外循环应选用优质膜肺.根据病情及手术操作的难易程度采取不同的灌注方法,尽量减少预充总量,提高胶体预充量,采用高流量灌注,积极排出体内多余的水分及良好的心肌保护和脏器保护有利于患儿术后的恢复.     

10kg以下婴幼儿体外循环管理

目的 总结10 kg以下婴幼儿心内直视手术的体外循环(CPB)管理经验.方法 回顾性分析2008年1～11月80例10 kg以下婴幼儿CPB情况.所有手术均使用进口TERMO婴儿膜肺,灌注冷晶体心脏停搏液,心脏表面放置冰屑,浅或中低温高流量灌注.全组均应用超滤或改良超滤.结果 全组CPB时间为23～215 min,主动脉阻断时间为14～148 min,心脏自动复跳率为96.3%,术后恢复良好,全部治愈出院.结论 婴幼儿CPB有其特殊性,应选用优质膜肺.根据患儿的病情制订周密的灌注计划,尽量减少预充总量,提高胶体预充量,最好是血液预充,选择适宜材料和灌注方式,着重心肌保护,同时运用超滤技术,对提高术后成功率起着重要作用.     

10kg以下婴幼儿体外循环中液体出入量的管理

目的总结33例10kg以下婴幼儿的体外循环(CPB)中液体出入量的管理体会。方法对我院2007年9月至2008年9月收治的33例10kg以下婴幼儿先心病手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全组病例均在全麻CPB下行心内直视手术,CPB时间17～178min,主动脉阻断时间6～86min,不停跳心内直视术2例,33例顺利脱机,术后无一例与CPB相关的严重并发症。围术期死亡2例。结论在CPB管理上注重合理选用CPB设备和装置、特别关注灌注与引流的关系、调整适度的血液稀释及细致的CPB监测管理,加强了CPB中各种液体出入量的平衡的管理,可降低与CPB直接相关的并发症与死亡率。     

冠脉搭桥术的体外循环总结

目的 回顾我院104例冠脉搭桥术(CABG)患的体外循环(CPB)状况，总结CABG术中的灌注技术。方法 对我院1999年至2002年12月的104例CABG手术的临床资料(年龄、性别、体重、手术种类)及CPB(预充液组成、CPB时间、升主动脉阻断时间、心肌保护等)情况做一回顾性的总结。结果 104例患男性79例(75．96％)，女性25例(24．04％)。年龄37～76岁，体重39～115kg。CPB时间56～362分钟，升主动脉阻断时间30～232分钟。4：1温血停跳液顺灌、逆灌和桥灌相结合，在CABG术中较好地保护了心肌。应用抑肽酶、回收剩余机血，减少了库血的应用。结论 顺灌、逆灌和桥灌相结合，应用综合血液保护措施在CABG手术中起着重要作用。     

100例体重7kg以下婴幼儿先心病的体外循环管理

目的探讨体重7kg以下婴幼儿心内直视手术的体外循环（CPB）灌注技术。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月～2005年5月100例7kg以下婴幼儿先心病心内直视手术的CPB管理过程。结果全组病例CPB方法为深低温停循环9例,深低温低流量19例,浅低温或中低温高流量72例。57例婴幼儿使用常规超滤（CUE）加改良超滤（MUF）技术。治愈91例,死亡9例,死亡率9％,无1例出现严重CPB并发症。结论婴幼儿CPB必须最大限度减少预充量,提供合适的流量灌注和良好心肌保护,维持合理血球压积（HCT）和晶胶比,同时采用超滤技术,减轻CPB后水肿,是保证手术成功的关键。     

低体重婴幼儿心内直视手术的体外循环管理

目的 总结低体重婴幼儿先天性心脏病心内直视术中的体外循环技术与经验.方法 回顾78例低体重(＜15 kg)婴幼儿先心病心内直视手术中体外转流情况,根据婴幼儿自身特点,选择合理的体外循环方法,预充液以胶体为主,甚至全胶体预充,10 kg以下婴幼儿均应用改良超滤保持液体平衡,全组灌注流量120～200ml/(kg·min),转流中维持平均动脉压30～80 mmHg,心肌保护采用主动脉根部顺行灌注,以冷晶体含钾停跳液为主,部分采用4:1含氧血灌注,辅以心脏局部冰屑.结果 全组体外循环时间(76.3±47.5)min,主动脉阻断时间(43.9±31.8)min,转中尿量平均270 ml,超滤量平均350 ml,心脏自动复跳率94.8%,75例停机顺利,3例停机困难,术后死亡5例,病死率为6.4%.结论 选择适宜婴幼儿的优质体外循环器具,制定严密的灌注计划,降低晶/胶比例提高灌注流量以及运用超滤技术,注重未成熟心肌的保护是婴幼儿先心病根治术中体外循环管理的关键.     

小体重先天性心脏病患儿的体外循环管理

目的：回顾我院16例小体重先天性心脏病患儿的体外循环(CPB)状况,总结其灌注技术。方法：对我院1995-1996年的16例小体重先天性心脏病患儿临床资料及CPB情况(人工心肺机类型、预充液组成、CPB操作步骤、CPB时间、升主动脉阻断时间、心肌保护等)做一回顾性总结。结果：16例患儿。年龄5个月。2岁,平均1．2岁;体重4.5-9.5kg,平均8．2kg。CPB时间32-284min(平均92min),升主动脉阻断时间14-121min(平均64min)。冷晶体高钾停搏液经滚压泵自主动脉根部间断灌注较好的保护了心肌。结论：适宜的血液稀释,根据不同疾病选择正确的灌注方法,良好的术中管理及心肌保护,可有效的使小体重先天性心脏病患儿在CPB中平稳过渡,减少术后的并发症和死亡率。     

5公斤以下婴幼儿先天性心脏病的体外循环管理

方法总结我院自2007年1月至2008年12月5kg以下133例低体重婴幼儿先心病的体外循环（ECC）管理。结果 ECC时间13～382（55.72）min,主动脉阻断时间0～135（34.07）min,术后死亡3例,与ECC无直接关系。结论合理的预充,足够的流量灌注,行常规超滤和改良超滤,重视机体各脏器的保护,是5 kg以下婴幼儿ECC管理的确切有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.