几种常用印模材制取固定义齿模型伯三维精度比较

目的：评价硅橡胶类、琼脂类、藻酸盐类（水粉剂与糊剂）等4各临床常用印模材料的取模精度。方法：分别用4种模型材料制取10个同一金属实验模具的石膏模型,用测量显微镜测量金属模型和石膏模型上各标志点的距离,精度为0．001mm,所得数据进行统计分析。结果：藻酸盐糊剂印模材料制取的石膏模型在长径方向上与其他组有显著差异,且超出了临床允许的精度范围;硅橡胶印模材料制取的石膏模型线性变化率最小且比金属模型略大;琼脂印模材料与藻酸盐印模材料（水粉剂）制取的印模在三维尺寸变化率方面无显著差异。结论：藻酸盐糊剂印模材料取模精度差;硅橡胶印模材料的取模精度最高,且可以起到补偿义齿后续操作中的收缩及提供冠桥粘结剂间隙的作用;琼脂印模材料具有印模精度高,操作比较简单,且价格易于接受等优点,值得在临床应用中进一步普及和推广。     

藻酸盐印模的不同保存状态对尺寸稳定性的影响

目的探讨藻酸盐印模在非密封或密封状态下放置不同时间对尺寸稳定性的影响。方法实验分为藻酸盐印模非密封10min组4、0min组和80min组,藻酸盐印模密封10min组、40min组和80min组,另设1组空白对照。分别用普通石膏、硬石膏和超硬石膏制取模型,电子数显卡尺测量标准实物及石膏模型尺寸,进行ANOVA比较(α=0.05)。结果在藻酸盐印模非密封10min、40min和80min三组中,普通石膏、硬石膏和超硬石膏所灌注的模型尺寸表现为逐渐增加的趋势;在藻酸盐印模密封10min4、0min和80min三组中,三种石膏模型尺寸变化表现为先减小后增大的趋势。各组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论随放置时间的延长,藻酸盐印模在非密封和密封不同状态下,可发生不同的印模尺寸变化。     

翡翠藻酸盐印模不同灌注时间点尺寸的变化

目的对藻酸盐印模不同灌注时间点的尺寸变化进行研究。方法将藻酸盐印模材料糊剂置于直径为9.5 cm的红色打样膏顶盖中振荡均匀后,把底部密封的回收必兰注射液空瓶垂直插入糊剂中制取印模并置于相对恒定环境留存10、40、80 min后,每一时段的印模都用普通石膏、硬石膏、超硬石膏灌注。1 h后脱模,用电子数显卡尺(测量精度0.005 mm)测量各组石膏模型的尺寸变化,数据x珋±s进行方差分析(α=0.05)。结果印模留存10 min普通石膏灌注组、硬石膏灌注组、超硬石膏灌注组的石膏模型表现收缩为主趋势,而在印模留存40 min和80 min普通石膏灌注组、硬石膏灌注组、超硬石膏灌注组的石膏模型表现膨胀为主趋势。此外,随印模留存时间延长,3种石膏灌注组模型尺寸变化量平均值逐渐增大,各组间可见显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论藻酸盐印模不同时间点其尺寸变化因材料的渗润和凝溢随时间延长表现为先膨胀后收缩且均值有增加的趋势。     

几种有效消毒方法对藻酸盐印模精度的影响

目的：比较几种有效的消毒方法对藻酸盐印模精度的影响，以寻求适合临床的消毒方法。方法：制作一个标准下颌牙列金属母模。采用3种有效的消毒方法（1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液浸泡消毒，1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液喷涂消毒及2％戊二醛消毒液浸泡消毒），分别按起效作用时间、起效作用时间延长10min和延长20min共分为9个实验组，每组均制备10个藻酸盐印模进行消毒处理后灌制模型，另外制取10个未消毒的藻酸盐印模作为对照组，用测量显微镜测量模型各标志点的距离，所得数据进行统计分析。结果：①1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液浸泡消毒10～30min对印模精度无明显影响。②1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液喷涂消毒藻酸盐印模45min时，出现统计意义显著的形变（P〈0．05）。③2％戊二醛消毒液浸泡处理50min、60min时，印模出现统计学意义显著的形变（P〈0．05）。结论：不影响藻酸盐印模精度的消毒方法为：1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液浸泡消毒10～30min，1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液喷涂消毒25～35min，2％戊二醛消毒液浸泡处理40min。     

超硬石膏材料水粉比对模型精度和表面硬度的影响

目的：观察水粉比对超硬石膏制取全牙列模型精度和表面硬度的影响。方法：制取一个标准下颁牙列金属母模。用两种水粉比（22：100;25：100）调拌超硬石膏材料,制取20个模型,每组10个。用测量显微镜测量模型各标志点的距离,用布洛维硬度机测量模型表面硬度,所得数据进行统计分析。结果：①不同水粉比制备超硬石膏模型,模型各线段长度变化无明显统计学意义（P〉0．05）;②当超硬石膏的水粉比增大为25g：100g时,模型的表面硬度出现显著的变化（P〈0．01）,从数值可看出为硬度的降低。结论：①适当增加水粉比,模型仍可获得较高的精度。②随着水粉比的增加,模型表面硬度和抗磨损性降低。     

添加抗菌剂藻酸盐印模材料复制精度的研究

目的：比较添加抗菌剂和未添加抗菌剂而经2％戊二醛溶液浸泡消毒后的藻酸盐印模材料的精度。方法：分别用添加3种不同抗菌剂和未添加抗菌剂的藻酸盐印模材料对仿3单位桥的金属模具制取印模,未添加抗菌剂的印模分别用2％戊二醛溶液浸泡消毒0min（对照组）、10min、20min、30min。每组5个印模,然后灌制人造石模型,测量并比较人造石模型指标线长度的差异。结果：①浸泡消毒组随浸泡时间的延长,单个冠的近远中距离,颊舌距离逐渐减小,基牙间距离及胎龈距离逐渐增大,均与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。②添加磷酸锆载银抗菌剂的藻酸盐印模的精度与对照组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。添加醋酸洗必泰、三氯新藻酸盐印模在精度上与普通印模2％戊二醛溶液浸泡消毒10min效果相当（P〉0．05）。结论：消毒液浸泡消毒会使印模发生变形,随浸泡时间延长变形加大,不同部位变形结果不同。添加抗菌剂的藻酸盐印模在尺寸稳定性方面优于普通印模消毒液浸泡消毒。     

消毒剂对印模材料尺寸稳定性的影响

目的　比较质量分数为 2 %戊二醛溶液与新型有机氯消毒剂———爱尔施消毒液浸泡两种藻酸盐和两种硅橡胶印模材料后 ,对材料尺寸稳定性的影响。方法　用 6 0mm× 10mm× 10mm金属试件制取印模 ,分别在质量分数为 2 %戊二醛溶液与爱尔施消毒液中浸泡 10、2 0、30min ,用JXD - 2 5 0B型数显读数显微镜测量浸泡前和浸泡后各时段印模材料的线性长度。每种印模材料分成 2组 ,每组 10个 ,用SPSS 10 .0统计软件包对结果作统计学分析。结果　爱尔施消毒液对各种印模材料尺寸稳定性的影响与质量分数为 2 %戊二醛溶液相比无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 ) ;ImpregumF硅橡胶和ExpressPutty硅橡胶印模材料浸泡后的体积变化小于红叶和Cavex藻酸盐印模材料。结论　爱尔施消毒液不会影响印模材料的尺寸稳定性 ,可试用于临床印模的浸泡消毒 ;硅橡胶印模材料的尺寸稳定性优于藻酸盐印模材料     

三种模型材料在不同印模材料中尺寸变化的实验研究

目的：本实验旨在观察印模材料对工作模型精度的影响以及模型材料与印模材料间的配伍性。方法将普通石膏、硬石膏、超硬石膏３种模型材料分别灌入金属印模,硅橡胶印模,藻酸盐印模和旨印模中,用激光热膨胀仪（日本产１０００型）测量各组试件的凝固时的尺寸变化,将所得数据换算成尺寸变化率并进行统计分析。结果①普通石 在金属印模中呈现为收缩,而在硅橡胶,藻酸盐及琼脂印模中为高度膨胀,其在各种印模材料中的凝固尺寸变化率有显著性差异。②硬石膏在四种印模材料中的凝固尺寸变化率为均小于０．１５％,尤以在金属及藻酸盐印模中尺寸变化较小,性能较稳定。③超硬膏在金属印模中呈现为膨胀,在硅橡胶及藻酸盐印模中尺寸变化稳定,均不超过０．１０％。而在琼脂中表面为明显的收缩。结论各种模型材料同一种印模中的尺寸变化率不同,同一种模型材料在不同的印模中尺寸变     

玉洁新消毒液调拌藻酸盐印模材临床效果评价

目的:应用玉洁新消毒液调和藻酸盐印模材料拓取牙颌模型后,评价印模表面细菌含量及模型尺寸精度的变化。方法:取印模前用无菌棉拭子在志愿者前牙舌侧窝采样,而后用玉洁新消毒液漱口,3min后应用玉洁新消毒液调和藻酸盐印模材料取模,于印模所对应的前牙舌侧窝处取样,4h内送检,接种于营养琼脂平皿,37℃培养48h,进行细菌定性分析。再以同一金属模型为母模,应用玉洁新消毒液调和藻酸盐印模材料制取10个印模,以超硬石膏灌模,比较石膏模型与母模之间指标线段长度差异。结果:(1)消毒前有细菌存在,消毒后印模细菌阴性培养率为100%。(2)经测量灌制的石膏模型与母模之间指标线段长度形变率为0.15%-0.18%。结论:结果显示从统计学和临床的观测,应用玉洁新消毒剂自体消毒印模所合成的石膏模型并不引起显著的尺寸改变。     

消毒液浸泡消毒对藻酸盐印模尺寸稳定性影响的评价研究

目的评价用三种消毒液浸泡不同时间后,四种藻酸盐印模的尺寸稳定性。方法采用符合YY1027国家行业标准和ISO 1563国际标准的标准试验装置,制取四种藻酸盐印模材料的标准印模,每种材料制取6组,每组5个印模,共120个印模。分别用2%戊二醛和84消毒液浸泡30分钟和40分钟、邻苯二甲醛消毒液(Ortho-phthalaldehyde,OPA)浸泡20分钟和30分钟。使用工具显微镜测量浸泡消毒处理前后各组印模的标志线长度,比较浸泡前后印模线性尺寸变化率,并对所得结果应用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学分析。结果①使用2%戊二醛、84消毒液浸泡处理前后,全部印模均发生显著膨胀形变(P<0.05),且形变随浸泡时间的延长而增大。②使用邻苯二甲醛消毒液浸泡处理前后,全部印模均发生显著收缩形变(P<0.05),且形变随浸泡时间的延长而增大。③不同材料的印模之间尺寸变化率的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。登士柏翡翠Jeltrate的形变率最小。④不同消毒液不同浸泡时间处理对印模尺寸稳定性影响的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。在相同浸泡时间时,使用2%戊二醛浸泡处理的印模形变率比使用84消毒液浸泡处理的印模形变率要小。结论①消毒...     

Diagnosis and management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 405–418 Vascular anomalies are congenital errors in vascular development. They frequently involve the head, neck, and oral cavity. Subdivided into vascular tumors (hemangiomas) and vascular malformations, vascular anomalies remain poorly understood. However, growing interest and recent advances in the diagnosis, management, and molecular characterization of these lesions are improving treatment strategies. The role of the multidisciplinary team cannot be overstated. This review provides both basic and up‐to‐date knowledge on the most common vascular anomalies encountered by physicians and practitioners. Because treatment options for vascular anomalies are widely variable and often debated, this report aims to provide a comprehensive approach to these lesions based upon current concepts and practical clinical experience.     

口腔颌面-头颈部胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤临床诊治探讨

目的:探讨头颈部胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后.方法:回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院2000-09--2010-10收治的12例头颈部胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤患者的临床资料.结果:12例患者中9例获得随访.5例术前化疗患者中3例短期疗效达到PR,1例达到MR,化疗有效率达到60%;8例患者行手术治疗...     

Colour and translucency of opaque-shades and body-shades of resin composites

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optical properties--not only the translucency but also the colours--of opaque-shade resin composites. The CIELAB parameters (L*, a* and b*) of disks of A2 and opaque A2 (OA2) shades of Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer), Solare (GC) and Filtek Supreme (3M) were evaluated on backings of black, white and the material itself to calculate the translucency parameter (TP) and the colour differences (delta E*) between A2 and OA2. A two-way analysis of variance (anova) for the TP indicated a less statistically significant TP value in the OA2 shade than the A2 shade for all products. As for the products, Charisma showed a statistically greater TP value than the other two products. Regarding the delta E* between A2 and OA2, all the products revealed clinically perceptible colour differences (delta E* > 3.3). Hence, we must take the colour differences of opaque-shade resin composites into consideration, as well as the translucency of the materials, for a clinically acceptable colour match of the restoration.     

种植体周围炎与牙周炎的类比探究

种植体周围炎症是种植失败的主要原因之一,包括种植体周围黏膜炎和种植体周围炎。种植体周围炎的发生、发展及治疗和预防与牙周炎存在一定的相似性,本文将种植体周围炎和牙周炎的流行病学、组织病理表现、始动因素、危险因素、治疗和预防等方面进行类比,探讨如何更好地预防和治疗种植体周围炎。     

Assessment and comparison of phagocytic function and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in saliva of smokers and non-smokers

OBJECTIVES

Tobacco use is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It is also linked to impairment of normal immunologic surveillance and defence mechanism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Tobacco smoke and its components have been seen to affect the phagocytic ability and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggesting the pathogenesis of tobacco induced oral diseases. Aim of this study was to assess and compare the phagocytic function and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in saliva of smokers and non smokers.

DESIGN

The study comprised of 35 smokers and 35 non-smokers, age matched. Saliva was collected by rinsing method and the polymorphonuclear leukocytes were separated. Phagocytic activity was determined by using latex spheres as targets. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue stain.

RESULTS

Salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in smokers showed significant reduction in the phagocytic activity by ingesting few latex spheres when compared to the non-smokers. The viability of these cells in saliva of smokers was significantly reduced.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study revealed reduced phagocytic activity and viability of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in smokers compared to non-smokers. These findings indicate that smokers are more prone to gingival, periodontal and other oral diseases. Thus indicating that the health care professionals should encourage smoking cessation as an aid in preventing oral diseases.     

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牙拔除术是一种常见的外科手术,术后因机体对拔牙创伤的生理反应会不可避免地引起局部出现程度不一的疼痛、肿胀,这种由手术创伤引起的疼痛、肿胀虽然是正常手术的继发过程,但会导致患者术后生活质量下降,并可使很多由于恐惧而不敢拔牙的患者延误了最佳治疗时机。本文就拔牙术后疼痛和肿胀的发生原因、临床表现、治疗方法和预防措施进行阐述,为临床上如何避免或减轻拔牙术后的疼痛和肿胀提供帮助。     

Combined effects of NaF and SLS on acid- and polysaccharide-formation of biofilm and planktonic cells

Bacteria grow preferentially attached to surfaces embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix to form biofilms. In this mode of growth, bacteria often show reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of NaF and the detergent sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) could result in additive effects on acid formation by planktonic and biofilm cells, as well as on extracellular polysaccharide formation. An additive inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans acid formation was observed, both in planktonic and biofilm cells. In dental biofilms, SLS alone and in combination with NaF reduced acid formation. Extracellular polysaccharide formation by S. mutans and saliva was reduced by SLS alone and in combination with NaF. In dentifrices and mouthrinse solutions, NaF and SLS are often present in combination. It remains to be determined whether an additive effect on acid formation may also occur in dental biofilms under different concentrations from those used in the present study, and whether the effects may be selective for certain bacterial species.     

Effects of zinc and copper on adhesion and hemagglutination of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens

This study investigated the mechanism of protein attachment to the surface of the putative periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in artificial gingival crevicular fluid, and ways to increase protein attachment to the bacterial cells. The effects of cations on protein attachment, bacterial adhesion, and hemagglutination were examined, and cation-binding components on both bacterial species were identified. The presence of cations, especially zinc, copper and cerium, increased attachment of human serum proteins to both bacterial species. In contrast, the presence of hydrophobic inhibitors or sugars had little effect. Protein attachment was reduced by heat treatment of the bacterial cells. Pretreatment of bacteria with human serum proteins inhibited adhesion of both species to buccal epithelial cells and hemagglutination. These effects were enhanced by the presence of zinc and copper during pretreatment. Using a chelating column, specific zinc- and copper-binding proteins were identified on the surfaces of both bacterial species.     

Impact of moderate and severe hypodontia and amelogenesis imperfecta on quality of life and self-esteem of adult patients

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of moderate and severe hypodontia and amelogenesis imperfecta on the quality of life and self-esteem of affected adult patients.MethodsForty one adult patients (aged 18–45 years) with clinical and radiological diagnoses of moderate to severe hypodontia and twenty seven patients diagnosed with amelogenesis imperfecta were age and gender matched with a control group of patients attending for routine dental care. Subjects completed the Oral Health Impact Profile [OHIP-49] and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. A paired t-test was used to analyse data; the test alpha level was set at P ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe results for hypodontia patients were significantly different from controls in six out of the seven OHIP-49 domains, the exception being the Handicap domain. Total scores were also significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.003). Self-esteem was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.98).For amelogenesis imperfecta patients the results were significantly different from control patients in four out of the seven domains of the OHIP-49 and also in the total scores (P = 0.01). When self-esteem was investigated there was no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.92).ConclusionsModerate to severe hypodontia and amelogenesis imperfecta have marked negative impacts on the Oral Health Related quality of life of this patient population relative to controls. However, self-esteem was not significantly affected.