一株引起皮肤播散性孢子丝菌病的孢子丝菌临床分离株的基因型鉴定

孢子丝菌病是由申克孢子丝菌引起的常见深部真菌病,临床多见于淋巴管型及固定型,播散性孢子丝菌病少见.孢子丝菌进入人体后引起不同临床类型的孢子丝菌病与机体免疫状态有关^[1],但是否与菌型有关尚无定论.为此,我们从一皮肤播散性孢子丝菌病患者皮损中分离1株孢子丝菌菌株,利用常规真菌学和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定,并探讨该菌株与皮肤淋巴管型孢子丝菌在基因水平上的异同.     

申克孢子丝菌基因差异、致病力与孢子丝菌病临床型别的关系

目的 探讨申克孢子丝菌基因差异、致病力与孢子丝菌病不同临床型别的关系。方法 ①收集不同临床型别孢子丝菌病的申克孢子丝菌分离株并提取DNA,进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)扩增。②BALB/c小鼠接种不同临床型别孢子丝菌病的分离株菌悬液,观察实验动物发病及病变情况。③发病小鼠皮肤及内脏组织病理学检查,观察接种不同临床型别孢子丝菌病的分离株菌悬液后小鼠病变内申克孢子丝菌孢子数量及分布。结果 ①不同临床型别孢子丝菌病的申克孢子丝菌分离株聚合酶链反应产物电泳带型差异较明显:播散型分离株可见1800bp、850bp、500bp、180bp,皮肤淋巴管型分离株见1400bp、800bp、700bp、500bp,皮肤固定型分离株见2500bp、1400bp、1000bp、700bp。②注射播散型孢子丝菌病分离株菌悬液的BALB/c小鼠比注射皮肤淋巴管型分离株小鼠发病早、病变部位广且死亡率高;注射皮肤淋巴管型分离株的小鼠较注射固定型孢子丝菌病分离株小鼠皮损出现早、病变范围广且严重。③实验BALB/c小鼠病变皮肤及内脏组织病理学检查显示:注射播散型孢子丝菌病分离株的小鼠病变内孢子数量明显多于注射皮肤淋巴管型分离株小鼠病变内孢子数量,而后者较注射固定型孢子丝菌病分离株的小鼠病变内孢子数量多。结论 不同临床型别孢子丝菌病的申克孢子丝菌的基因差异、致病力与孢子丝菌病不同临床型别的关系密切。     

孢子丝菌感染与机体免疫研究进展

孢子丝菌病是常见的深部真菌感染,孢子丝菌侵入机体后,通过自身毒力因子与免疫系统对抗,从而使感染迁延不愈。孢子丝菌感染与机体免疫作用机制的研究相对有限,同时也是目前本领域研究热点之一。本文将从孢子丝菌感染途径、机体的抗孢子丝菌免疫以及孢子丝菌的免疫逃逸机制等几方面,对相关研究进展进行综述。     

阴囊孢子丝菌病1例及申克孢子丝菌基因型检测

孢子丝菌病是由申克孢子丝菌引发的一种皮肤、皮下组织和附近淋巴管的慢性感染性疾病,多发于四肢等容易暴露受伤的部位.本文报道1例发生于阴囊的固定型皮肤孢子丝菌病,并对申克孢子丝菌进行了形态学和分子生物学水平的鉴定.     

孢子丝菌病的研究进展

孢子丝菌病是一种由申克孢子丝菌感染引起的,呈全球性分布的慢性真菌病,由于孢子丝菌的黑素形成对其毒力有很大的影响,故对人体有较大危害性。现就孢子丝菌病的微生物学、流行病学、临床表现、实验室诊断和治疗等方面的研究现状进行综述。     

麻风病患者家属患孢子丝菌病2例

孢子丝菌病是由申克孢子丝菌(spomthrix schenckii)引起的慢性深部霉菌病，临床报道较多，但麻风病患者家属患此病报道较少，笔者在工作中遇到2例，报告如下。     

64例孢子丝菌病临床分析

分析2006年11月至2010年4月我院门诊疑诊抱子丝菌感染病例,利用真菌培养检查和/或皮肤组织病理检查对64例疑诊孢子丝菌病进行统计分析.64例真菌培养阳性(可见孢子丝菌生长),10例皮肤组织病理切片、PAS染色找到真菌孢子或星状体.发病部位主要在裸露部位58例(90.63%),如手部、前臂、面部和小腿等.有明确外伤史11例,皮损类型主要为固定型、皮肤淋巴管型、化脓性肉芽肿卫星型.各种因素(建筑、环境污染、自然灾害等)和腐生菌大量繁殖生长是导致孢子丝菌感染的重要原因,外伤和昆虫叮咬是重要致病条件.     

淋巴管型孢子丝菌病1例

患者男,40岁,农民。右下肢可见线状浸润性斑块、结节、溃疡和结痂4个月。右下肢皮损组织病理示表皮下淋巴细胞、浆细胞、中性粒细胞和组织细胞浸润,可见多核巨细胞,有大量红细胞外溢。真菌培养可见孢子丝菌。     

孢子丝菌病46例分析

孢子丝菌病是由申克孢子丝菌引起的皮肤、皮下组织及附近淋巴系统的慢性感染性皮肤病。现将我科门诊1989年至2006年4月经真菌培养证实的46例孢子丝菌病进行回顾性分析。     

DNA测序诊断孢子丝菌病三例

目的: 本文报道通过对组织分子鉴定明确病原菌的孢子丝菌病3例。方法: 提取3例怀疑孢子丝菌病患者活检组织中的真菌DNA,进行ITS区扩增、测序和比对;病变组织行组织病理学检测。,对脓液和组织进行真菌镜检及培养,对培养阳性菌落进行形态学、分子生物学、糖同化实验鉴定以及体外药敏检测。结果: 真菌镜检脓液见少量孢子、未见菌丝;病理检查提示感染性肉芽肿,抗酸染色及PAS染色均阴性;ITS区鉴定提示申克孢子丝菌;真菌培养、形态学及糖同化鉴定及calmodulin分子鉴定为球形孢子丝菌;药物敏感性检测显示其对特比萘芬高度敏感;口服特比奈芬250mg/d;舍他康唑乳膏外用,治疗后明显改善。结论: 直接提取病变组织DNA 进行早期DNA测序能够能尽早明确致病菌种并指导用药。     

黏液性皮肤纤维瘤

报告1例黏液性皮肤纤维瘤.患者女,43岁.右前臂丘疹2周余.皮肤科检查:右前臂一直径约0.8 cm结节.组织病理检查示表皮不规则增生,真皮内可见大量梭形细胞增生,局部胶原排列疏松,阿新蓝染色阳性.免疫组化染色结果示波形蛋白(vimentin)阳性,CD31、CD34、平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)和S-100蛋白阴性.诊断为黏液性皮肤纤维瘤.     

Case of leukoderma punctata after topical PUVA treatment

An 11‐year‐old Korean girl presented with a 2‐year history of asymptomatic multiple punctiform, hypopigmented and achromic spots predominantly on the outer aspect of her right forearm. She had been treated for segmental vitiligo on her right forearm with topical PUVA six times a week for 4 years at a local clinic. The lesions were very distinct, round hypopigmented macules 1–2 mm in diameter, predominantly in nonfollicular distribution ( Fig. 1 ). Not only the site where topical psolaren had been applied but also areas on her right forearm where UVA was exposed for a long time for treatment of vitiligo developed multiple punctiform hypopigmented spots. She also had PUVA lentigenes on her right forearm. Laboratory studies including complete blood cell count, biochemistry, and endocrinologic studies were all within normal limits. There was no history of inflammatory lesions antedating the hypopigmentation. Skin biopsy was taken from punctiform hypopigmented macules. There were no specific findings in the hematoxylin‐eosin stained sections. However, marked reduction of melanin and melanocytes was noted with the Fontana‐Masson stain ( Fig. 2 ) and the S‐100 stain ( Fig. 3 ). With these clinical and histological findings the patient was diagnosed as having leukoderma punctata.

Figure 1 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint Multiple, hypopigmented, and achromic spots on the right forearm     

Unusual clinical features of cutaneous tuberculosis in an immune compromised patient

We report a case of an unusual form of cutaneous tuberculosis in an 82-year-old woman. She visited our hospital because of an intractable ulcer on the fifth finger of her right hand. While examining the ulcer surrounding half of her right fifth finger and covered with necrotic tissue, we also perceived a nodule with crust on the forearm, multiple subcutaneous nodules on the right forearm and upper arm, and a hen's-egg-sized agglomerative nodule on the axilla. All the lesions were located on her right arm. Skin biopsy specimens showed granulomatous tissue with necrosis in the lesions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified by culture of a biopsied specimen, so the diagnosis was confirmed. Further examination revealed that she also had pulmonary tuberculosis. Cutaneous tuberculoses are classified morphologically with reference to host immune status, but no satisfactory classification exists. The present case can't be classified into any of the types which have been proposed so far. She is elderly and suffers from liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and myelodysplastic syndrome. The resulting acquired immunosuppression may have caused a unique form of cutaneous tuberculosis.     

The fish tank strikes again: Metachronous nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infection in an immunosuppressed host

An 82‐year‐old woman on long‐term prednisolone for chronic obstructive airways disease presented with a 2‐month history of nodules on her left forearm. This occurred 10 years after nodules on her right forearm caused by a culture‐proven Mycobacterium marinum infection. Histopathological examination, polymerase chain reaction and culture of biopsy specimens were positive for M. chelonae. To our knowledge this is the first case of metachronous nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infection reported, and it highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of such infections.     

Erythematous Papules in a Patient with Cardiac Myxoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 35-year-old woman was followed up by a physician for one and a half years as a case of transient ischemic attack (TIA) due to thrombosis. She had a few erythematous papules on the dorsal side of her right forearm and on the right side of her neck. From the history of TIA and the transient erythematous papules, we suggested the possibility of cardiac myxoma. Echocardiogram demonstrated a large mass in her left atrium. An immediate operation was carried out, and the cardiac myxoma was excised surgically. Histological examination of the erythematous papule revealed myxoma emboli.     

Multiple pilomatricoma with perforation

A 22‐year‐old woman presented to our clinic with a complaint of masses on various parts of her body. A mass on her right forearm had appeared 5 years ago and had enlarged during the past 6 months. Two lesions on the back of her neck had a 3‐year history, one lesion on her eyebrow had a 2‐year history, and one lesion on her left forearm had a 1‐year history. The lesion on her left forearm was discharging purulent material. Dermatologic examination revealed a 15 × 16 mm tumor on the right forearm, 11 × 6 mm and 10 × 5 mm tumors on the back of the neck, and a 20 × 20 mm tumor on the eyebrow; they were flesh‐colored, well‐defined, firm tumors. On her left forearm, there was a 12 × 10 mm, well‐defined, firm, blue–red tumor discharging chalky white granules; purulent material was detected ( Fig. 1 ).

Figure 1 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint Firm, blue–red tumor discharging chalky white granules     

鱼刺伤肉芽肿一例

患者,女,43岁。右手背、右前臂红斑、触痛性结节2个月。发病前患者右手中指远节伸侧被海虾钳刺伤。组织病理不排除感染性肉芽肿。给予利福平、克拉霉素,病情好转。综上诊断为鱼刺伤性肉芽肿。     

Eccrine Nevus Affecting the Forearm of an 11‐Year‐Old Girl Successfully Controlled with Topical Glycopyrrolate

Eccrine nevi are rare lesions characterized by a sharply demarcated area of localized hyperhidrosis. We present an 11‐year‐old girl with an eccrine nevus on her right lower forearm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case successfully controlled with topical glycopyrrolate wipes.     

An unusual presentation of subcutaneous granuloma annulare in association with juvenile-onset diabetes: case report and literature review

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SGA) is a rarely reported subtype of granuloma annulare that occurs almost exclusively in children. The etiology of these lesions is unknown, although a possible relationship to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been proposed in the literature. Here we present an unusual case of SGA on the right forearm in a 3-year-old girl. Unlike the typical lesions noted on the extremities, on magnetic resonance imaging her lesions involved the subcutaneous tissue and adjacent muscles in multiple locations. Histopathologically, the case was consistent with SGA but was unusual in its distribution involving multiple muscles, a finding that has not been previously reported. Weeks after incisional biopsy, she was readmitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) secondary to IDDM. After treatment of her DKA and control of her glycemia, the forearm SGA vanished, which supported the pathologic diagnosis and alleviated our concerns secondary to the unusual distribution.     

Cat-transmitted cutaneous lymphatic sporothricosis

Sporotrichosis is the most common of the deep mycoses. In most cases the transmission occurs secondary to recent penetrating trauma with plant thorns, wood splinters or contaminated organic material. We report a case of a 68-year-old Brazilian female with a small ulcer on her right forefinger and palpable erythematous nodules on her right forearm. These occurred after the bite of a domestic cat that had a lesion on its hind-foot. Since the 1980s, the role of felines in the transmission of this mycosis to humans has gained attention among animal owners, veterinarians, and caretakers. Humans can be contaminated by a cat scratch or bite and even by contact with contaminated solutions.