益气清热养阴方对卵巢癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的分析益气清热养阴方对卵巢癌患者腹水中Treg细胞及腹水中IL-10与TGF-β1水平的影响。方法选择卵巢癌伴腹水患者60例,随机分为观察组与对照组,对照组患者按照2010年卵巢癌诊治中国专家共识给予规范治疗。观察组患者在对照组治疗基础上给加用益气清热养阴方辅助治疗。分别与治疗前及治疗后第15天检测腹水中Treg细胞及IL-10与TGF-β1水平的变化,比较2组患者水平差异。结果治疗前后,观察组Treg细胞比例[(15.94±3.16)%;(10.53±2.76)%],对照组Treg比例[(15.62±3.71)%;(18.43±4.71)%],2组患者治疗后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组治疗后腹水中IL-10[(20.55±4.17)ng/m L比((28.94±4.05)ng/m L],TGF-β1水平[(189.35±46.82)pg/m L比((265.73±51.38)pg/m L]水平明显减少,2组间、不同时间、时间点、组别交互作用比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论益气清热养阴方能明显降低卵巢癌患者腹水中调节性Treg细胞比例及抑制性细胞因子水平,调节免疫抑制,增加患者机体免疫功能。     

TGF-β1对原发性肝癌患者外周血单个核细胞免疫功能影响

目的 探讨TGF-β1对人外周血单个核细胞免疫功能的影响.方法 采用淋巴细胞转化试验、噻唑蓝(MTT)试验、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),流式细胞术分别对PBMC的增殖率、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素(IFN-γ)的浓度及分组培养后T细胞表面抗原变化进行检测.结果 原发性肝癌患者血清对健康人PB-MC增殖率的影响,T1期、T2期、T3期组均明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),淋巴结转移组血清对健康人PBMC增殖率高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).在TGF-β1与PBMC共培养后,培养上清中IL-2(24.27±3.73)ng/L和IFN-γ水平(16.84±3.45)ng/L,明显低于无TGF-β1作用组[(257.08±51.23)ng/L和(143.20±27.25)ng/L],(P＜0.01).TGF-β1作用组CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞占CD4 T淋巴细胞的比例[(19.12±0.56)%]明显高于无TGF-β1组[(5.58±0.67)%],细胞表面CTLA4表达率也明显上调.结论 血清中高水平的TGFβ1是造成PBMC增殖抑制的主要原因,TGF-β1是原发性肝癌患者血清中重要的免疫抑制因子.TGF-β1能抑制T细胞的细胞因子释放.TGF-β1是造成肝癌细胞癌患者免疫低下的重要因素之一.     

支气管哮喘患者血清IL-33、IL-35水平及相关性分析

目的 研究支气管哮喘患者血清IL-33、IL-35的表达水平,分析IL-33、IL-35间相关性.方法 采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测81例非细菌性感染所致中-重度支气管哮喘急性发作期患者治疗前及80名正常对照者血清IL-35、IL-33水平,采用血细胞分析仪检测白细胞数(WBC)、中性粒细胞绝对值(N)、嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值(EOS).细胞培养实验分为空白对照组、细胞刺激素组和IL-35刺激组,ELISA法检测其培养上清IL-33浓度.统计分析支气管哮喘患者急性发作期与正常对照组血清中IL-35、IL-33、WBC、N、EOS,并分析IL-35、IL-33间的相关性.结果 ①哮喘组血WBC、N及EOS计数均高于正常对照组[(7.82±2.93)×109/L vs.(6.38±2.14)×109/L;(5.63±1.47)×109/L vs.(4.57±1.22)×109/L;(0.43±0.27)×109/L vs.(0.22±0.15)×109/L;P＜0.001].②哮喘组血清IL-33水平较正常对照组明显升高[(217.26±52.31)ng/L vs.(105.43±31.64)ng/L],IL-35水平较对照组明显降低[(156.71±24.29)ng/L vs.(311.62±35.28)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);总体IL-35与IL-33水平呈负相关(r=-0.803,P＜0.05).③哮喘组经过IL-35刺激IL-33水平与仅细胞刺激素相比更低[(15.08±1.92)ng/L vs.(57.33±15.62)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 IL-35、IL-33均参与了支气管哮喘的发病,支气管哮喘发作期存在各细胞因子间调节失衡.     

慢性心力衰竭与白细胞介素-17及白细胞介素-10的相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭与白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-10的相关性.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测37例慢性心力衰竭患者(慢性心衰组)和34例健康体检者(对照组)血浆IL-17和IL-10水平,并进行相关性分析.结果 慢性心衰组血浆IL-17水平高于对照组[(46.37±10.57) ng/L vs(32.45±4.55)ng/L],IL-10水平低于对照组[(27.49±4.19) ng/L vs(32.71±4.38) ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(t=7.09,5.46,P＜0.01);慢性心力衰竭患者血浆IL-17与IL-10呈负相关(r=-0.63,P＜0.01).结论 慢性心力衰竭的发病可能与体内IL-17、IL-10的水平失衡存在相关.     

孟鲁司特钠联合甲泼尼龙治疗儿童过敏性紫癜的效果及对患儿炎性因子和免疫功能的影响

目的探讨孟鲁司特钠联合甲泼尼龙治疗儿童过敏性紫癜的效果及对患儿炎性因子和免疫功能的影响。方法选取台州市妇女儿童医院及台州医院医疗中心(集团)恩泽医院2019年3月至2021年3月收治的过敏性紫癜患儿94例为观察对象, 采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组, 每组47例。对照组给予甲泼尼龙治疗, 观察组给予孟鲁司特钠联合甲泼尼龙治疗。两组疗程均为2周。比较两组治疗效果, 治疗前后炎性因子和免疫功能的变化。结果观察组治疗2周总有效率[93.62%(44/47)]高于对照组[74.47%(35/47)](Z=2.15, P < 0.05)。治疗后, 两组血清白细胞介素4(IL-4)、IL-6和IL-18水平均低于治疗前(t观察组=21.19、22.26、27.20, t对照组=11.10、13.21、14.86, 均P < 0.05);观察组血清IL-4[(48.98±5.21)ng/L]、IL-6[(34.10±6.42)ng/L]和IL-18[(53.29±5.67)ng/L]水平均低于对照组[(65.38±7.08)ng/L、(47.83±4.71)ng/L、(67.83±7...     

风湿痛消丸的临床疗效观察

目的 观察风湿痛消丸对类风湿关节炎患者血清中自细胞介素(IL)-1、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、IL-4和IL-10的影响.方法 将60例类风湿关节炎患者完全随机分为2组,雷公藤多甙组30例,给予雷公藤多甙片进行治疗;风湿痛消丸组30例,给予风湿痛消丸进行治疗;对照组30例为我院正常体检健康者,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组患者IL-1、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-10的水平.结果 给药前雷公藤多甙组与风湿痛消丸组患者血清中IL-1和TNF-α水平与对照组比较都有明显升高[IL-1:(72.3±9.4)ng/L、(70.5±10.4)ng/L比(9.9±2.4)ng/L;TNF-α:(109.4±14.5)ng/L、(110.3±13.2)ng/L比(12.6±1.7)ng/L;P＜0.05],IL-4和IL-10的水平与对照组比较有明显下降[IL-4:(30.2±6.8)ng/L、(27.4±7.4)ng/L比(125.3±13.2)ng/L;IL-10:(9.6±2.2)ng/L、(9.8±1.4)ng/L比(60.3±7.4)ng/L;P＜0.05];给药后雷公藤多甙组和风湿痛消丸组患者各项指标与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 风湿痛消丸对类风湿关节炎有明显的治疗作用.     

复方丹参滴丸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子 β1/Smads信号通路表达的影响

目的 观察复方丹参滴丸(DSP)对糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/Smads信号通路表达的影响.方法 链脲佐菌素诱导建立糖尿病大鼠模型,大鼠采用随机数字表法分为正常组(NC组)、糖尿病模型组(DM组)、复方丹参滴丸低剂量组(DSP低剂量组)、复方丹参滴丸高剂量组(DSP低剂量组).DSP低、高剂量组大鼠每天分别给予200、400 mg/kg的DSP与生理盐水混悬液灌胃治疗,每日1次.8周末,检测各组大鼠空腹血糖、血肌酐、尿素氮表达水平;荧光定量PCR法检测各组大鼠肾脏组织TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad7的mRNA表达水平;蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)检测各组大鼠肾脏组织TGF-β1的蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠尿中肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)以及肾脏组织p-Smad2、p-Smad3、Smad7的浓度水平.结果 与NC组相比,DM组大鼠空腹血糖[(27.19±1.55)mmol/L比(5.94±1.15)mmol/L]、血肌酐[(39.25±2.18)μmol/L比(26.20±1.18)μmol/L]、尿素氮[(12.81±0.65)mmol/L比(6.25±0.41)mmol/L]、尿KIM-1[(67.90±1.69)ng/L比(17.85±1.14)ng/L]、OPN浓度[(58.74±1.34)ng/L比(15.40±1.01)ng/L]明显升高(P<0.05);肾脏TGF-β1的mRNA[(1.72±0.15)比(1.00±0.00)]和蛋白表达[(0.81±0.05)比(0.27±0.06)]明显升高(P<0.05);肾脏Smad2[(1.80±0.09)比(1.00±0.00)]、Smad3的mRNA表达[(1.90±0.07)比(1.00±0.00)]以及p-Smad2[(69.45±1.43)ng/L比(10.71±1.09)ng/L]、p-Smad3的浓度[(65.73±1.79)ng/L比(9.84±0.33)ng/L]均明显升高(P<0.05),而肾脏Smad7的mRNA表达[(0.52±0.05)比(1.00±0.00)]和浓度[(10.61±0.65)ng/L比(21.02±1.32)ng/L]均明显降低(P<0.05).与DM组相比,DSP低、高剂量组大鼠空腹血糖、血肌酐、尿素氮、尿KIM-1、尿OPN浓度明显降低(P<0.05),并抑制了肾脏TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的活性.结论 DSP可能通过抑制DM大鼠肾脏TGF-β1/Smads信号通路,从而延缓DM大鼠肾脏损伤.     

血清细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平与脑梗死后抑郁症的相关性研究

目的 探析血清细胞因子、IL-1 β、IL-6、TNF-α水平与脑梗死后抑郁症的相关性研究.方法 入选我院2013年5月至2014年4月脑梗死后抑郁症患者80例为研究组,同期入选脑梗死后无抑郁症患者80例为对照组,进行ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)水平,同时服用百忧解抗抑郁药物,连续服用1个月,观察两组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平;观察不同程度抑郁者的血清细胞因子水平;比较脑梗死后抑郁症治疗前后血清细胞因子水平.结果 研究组的TNF-α为(32.2±7.5)ng/L、IL-6为(12.9±3.8) ng/L、IL-1 β为(40.9-4.6) ng/L,对照组TNF-α为(19.7±4.1) ng/L、IL-6为(5.2±2.1)ng/L、IL-1β为(16.6±3.1) ng/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血清细胞因子水平随着脑梗死后抑郁症程度加重而逐渐升高,重度抑郁症患者的TNF-α为(6.5±3.2) ng/L、IL-6为(6.7±1.7) ng/L、IL-1 β为(24.3±2.7)ng/L,轻度抑郁症患者的TNF-α为(39.2±7.4)ng/L、IL-6为(19.8±6.4)ng/L、IL-1β为(42.4±5.6)ng/L,中度抑郁症患者的TNF-α为(29.7±5.1) ng/L、IL-6为(9.2±3.1)ng/L、IL-1 β为(31.6±3.1)ng/L,重度抑郁症患者血清细胞因子水平与轻、重度抑郁症患者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);中度抑郁症患者的血清细胞因子水平显著高于轻度抑郁症患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);脑梗死后抑郁症治疗后的血清细胞因子水平[TNF-α(23.4±3.9) ng/L)、IL-6(7.4±2.7) ng/L、IL-1 β(22.4±3.4) ng/L)]显著低于治疗前[(TNF-α(32.2±7.5) ng/L)、IL-6(12.9±3.8) ng/L、IL-1[β (40.9±4.6) ng/L)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 血清细胞因子水平与脑梗死后抑郁症密切相关,可直接反映脑梗死后抑郁症的病情进展.     

解郁清胃汤对胃溃疡患者血清中IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α的影响

目的 探讨解郁清胃汤对肝胃郁热证胃溃疡患者的治疗效果及其对IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α的影响.方法 选取2012年1月至2014年11月来本院消化内科就诊的胃溃疡患者87例,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组43例,观察组44例.对照组患者口服奥美拉唑肠溶片、阿莫西林胶囊及克拉霉素胶囊,2周1个疗程;观察组使用院内自拟中药处方解郁清胃汤加减治疗,2周为1个疗程.4个疗程后观察两组患者溃疡面愈合情况及不良反应情况,同时比较两组患者治疗前后血清中IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α的含量.结果 治疗后观察组患者血清中的IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α含量分别为(102.24±9.08) ng/L、(33.02±3.60) ng/L及(21.86±2.21)ng/L,对照组患者血清中的IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α含量分别为(127.32±9.22) ng/L、(46.26±4.86) ng/L及(29.43±3.23) ng/L,两组患者血清中炎性因子水平与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),并且观察组的IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α含量明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组溃疡面愈合总有效率为93.2％,对照组溃疡面愈合总有效率为79.1％,观察组显著优于对照组(P＜0.05),观察组出现不良反应的患者例数也明显少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 解郁清胃汤对肝胃郁热证胃溃疡疗效确切,值得临床推广应用.     

IL-1β对人鼻黏膜上皮细胞黏蛋白MUC5AC mRNA的表达的影响

目的探讨IL-1β对鼻黏膜上皮细胞黏蛋白MUC5ACmRNA表达的影响。方法在培养的第二代人鼻黏膜上皮细胞加入IL-1β(10ng/ml)刺激24h后,采用荧光定量巢式RT-PCR检测人鼻黏膜上皮细胞中MUC5ACmRNA的定量表达。结果在培养的鼻黏膜上皮细胞上检测到MUC5ACmRNA的表达,IL-1β刺激组MUC5ACmRNA定量表达[(4.60±1.89)108拷贝/μg]均高于对照组[(2.50±1.40)107拷贝/μg],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05﹚。结论 IL-1β诱导鼻黏膜上皮细胞中MUC5ACmRNA的表达增高,提示IL-1β可能具有上调鼻黏膜上皮细胞黏蛋白mRNA的表达的作用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.