大鼠各脏器神经节苷脂分布规律的研究

观察发现大鼠不同器官神经节苷脂分布以大脑中含量最高,为(426.5±11.3)μg/g湿组织;其次为肝脏,其含量为(36.0±7.8)μg/g湿组织;骨骼肌中含量最低,为(10.0±1 .8)μg/g湿组织.大脑和肝脏神经节苷脂的含量分别为骨骼肌的42.7倍和3.6倍.并讨论大脑组织神经节苷脂含量丰富的机理及其意义.     

脂脉康胶囊对家兔实验性高脂血症的影响

目的　观察脂脉康胶囊对家兔实验性高脂血症的作用。方法　以高脂饲料喂养新西兰白兔 12周 ,形成高脂血症模型 ,观察脂脉康胶囊对血脂及主动脉和心脏组织脂质含量的影响。结果　脂脉康胶囊 0 .5 g/kg和 1.0 g/kg灌胃 8周 ,使高脂模型家兔血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)水平显著低于高脂模型组 (P <0 .0 1)。脂脉康胶囊 1.0 g/kg灌胃 8周使心脏、主动脉组织TC含量分别由高脂模型组 (5 .1± 1.8)mg/ g组织湿重和 (9.7± 3 .4)mg/g组织湿重降至 (3 2± 1.4)mg/ g组织湿重和 (3 .6± 2 .3 )mg/g组织湿重 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论　脂脉康胶囊可降低高血脂家兔血清TC、TG和LDL -C水平 ,降低心脏和主动脉TC含量。提示脂脉康胶囊对高脂血症具有显著的治疗作用。     

单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂与脑缺血

神经节苷脂(ganglioside、Ggs)是含唾液酸的一类膜糖脂的总称,是细胞膜的重要成分,在各类组织中广泛存在;在哺乳动物的中枢神经系统中含量丰富,以灰质浓度最高,主要为GM1、GD1a、GD1b、GT1b和GQ1b,其次是GM2和GD3;白质以GM1和GM4为主。Ggs在神经元胞体中含量略低于平均水平,突触小体中略高,GT1、     

不同程度急性脑外伤大鼠脑神经节苷脂含量的研究

目的 研究不同程度急性脑外伤大鼠神经节苷脂的含量变化。方法 选取Wistar大鼠34只，采用落体撞击法造成左顶脑轻度（50g.2cm)，中度（50g.10cm)，重度（50g.20cm)挫裂伤，于伤后12小时测定伤侧和对侧脑组织中脂结合唾液酸含量和神经节苷脂组分（GM1，GD3，GD1a,GD1b,GT1b)的相对百分含量变化。结果 不同程度急性脑外伤后，除轻度损伤的对侧外，伤侧和对侧脑组织中脂结合唾液酸含量均随损伤程度增加呈明显下降趋势，神经节苷脂各组分的变化以GM1最为显，伤，对侧均随损伤程度增加而显增加，除轻度损伤外，GT1b含量亦明显增加。结论 不同程度急性脑外伤后脑内GM1的合成加速，推测急性脑外伤后脑内存在自我调节机制来增加GM1的合成，建议在急性脑外伤早期及时补充GM1，有助于减轻脑水肿，增强神经元再生，降低死亡率。     

神经节苷脂快速测定法及其初步应用

本文介绍一种组织神经节苷脂的快速定量测定法,并测定了移植性小鼠肝癌组织和正常小鼠肝组织神经节苷脂结合唾液酸含量.结果表明,肝癌组(64.7±12.2μg/g 湿组织)显著高于正常组(28.2±6.5μg/g 湿组织)(P<0.05).     

鹿茸中神经节苷脂的成分研究

目的分离鉴定鹿茸中神经节苷脂的成分.方法Folsh分配、DEAE-Cellulose柱层析分离、薄层色谱方法鉴定.结果分离鉴定出3种组分(A、B、C),与对照品薄层图谱对照,鉴定了A为GM4,B为GM3,C为GD3,A、B、C的百分含量分别为24.4%、46.2%、29.4%.结论首次从鹿茸中分离出GM4,GM3,GD33种神经节苷脂成分.     

医药用神经节苷脂的制备方法

目的探索医药用神经节苷脂的最优（纯度）、成本低）生产方法。方法牛脑的氯仿-甲醇提取液通过水草取使神经节苷脂与脂溶性成分分离、再经碱水解除磷脂，上吸附树脂柱，使与水溶性杂质分离。然后作产品鉴定（包括纯度、组成成分、含磷量、活性试验及蛋白反应）。结果所制备的神经节苷脂的纯度为唾液酸含量26％；组成成分：GM116％、GD36％、GD1α／45％、GD1b10％、GT1α14％、GT1b17％；含磷量120μg／100mgGLs；生物活性：较好地促进离体鸡胚背根神经节的存活与生长。结论本法制备的神经节苷脂纯度高、成本低适用于医药用神经节苷脂的生长。     

神经节苷脂对大鼠脑缺血损伤后海马组织的保护作用

目的探讨神经节苷脂对脑缺血损伤后大鼠海马组织的保护作用。方法取健康成年雄性SpragueDawley大鼠60只,随机分为假手术组、缺血组和神经节苷脂治疗组(治疗组),每组20只。缺血组和治疗组制备大脑中动脉狭窄模型。模型建立成功后,假手术组和缺血组注射9 g.L-1的氯化钠溶液1 mL.kg-1.d-1,治疗组注射神经节苷脂20 mg.kg-1.d-1。采用末端脱氧核苷酰基转移酶介导性dUTP切口末端标记法检测各组神经元凋亡。结果假手术组、缺血组和治疗组大鼠CA1区凋亡神经元数量分别为2.23±0.67、26.17±4.82、15.40±5.30。缺血组大鼠CA1区神经元凋亡数目高于假手术组和治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组大鼠海马CA1区神经元凋亡数高于假手术组(P<0.01)。结论神经节苷脂可能是通过减少海马神经元凋亡,进而改善脑损伤,起到对脑缺血损伤后大鼠的神经保护作用。     

抗糖脂抗体与周围神经病

周围神经上至少有12种不同的节苷脂,例如GM1、GD1a、GD1b、GT1b、GQ1b等,但节苷脂仅占周围神经总糖脂成分中的一小部分,象其他糖脂一样,神经节苷脂存在于细胞表面,因而成为免疫系统的循环血中组分的潜在靶抗原。而且神经系统的糖脂结构与其他组织相比具有独特性,理论上其免疫反     

鹿茸中神经节苷脂的成分研究

目的:分离鉴定鹿茸中神经节苷脂的成分。方法:Folsh分配、DEAE-Cellulose柱层析分离、薄层色谱方法鉴定。结果:分离鉴定出3种组分(A、B、C),与对照品薄层图谱对照,鉴定了A为GM4,B为GM3,C为GD3,A、B、C的百分含量分别为24.4%、46.2%、29.4%。结论:首次从鹿茸中分离出GM4,GM3,GD33种神经节苷脂成分。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.