新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下口腔颌面外科的护理防控

新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发对口腔颌面外科的诊疗和护理带来了巨大的挑战。为有效防止新型冠状病毒肺炎所致的疫情蔓延,最大限度减少新型冠状病毒肺炎在医疗机构内传播的风险,本文结合国家对新型冠状病毒防控的总体要求和颌面外科专业特点,制定口腔颌面外科护理管理相关防控措施,内容涉及预检分诊、分级防护、健康教育、相关科室防控关键点以及护理操作中的防控策略等,以保证颌面外科护理工作有序进行,同时提出了新型冠状病毒肺炎感染防控期间的口腔颌面外科护理管理建议,期望对疫情期口腔颌面外科的护理管理及今后的研究提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期口腔颌面外科全身麻醉管理

由于口腔治疗操作的特殊性,治疗过程中会不可避免地产生飞沫和气溶胶等漂浮颗粒,在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的防控关键时期内,口腔颌面外科的治疗工作受到很大影响;同时,口腔颌面外科全身麻醉在气道管理过程中极易造成病毒播散,这也为麻醉管理工作带来巨大挑战。本文从专科角度出发,对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期口腔颌面外科全身麻醉管理进行论述,以期为疫情期口腔颌面外科全身麻醉实施提供参考。     

口腔颌面外科手术在新型冠状病毒感染流行期管理的专家意见

由湖北省武汉市首先发现并蔓延至全国乃至世界多个国家的2019新型冠状病毒肺炎（2019-nCoV）主要通过呼吸道飞沫、分泌物或接触传播,具有极强的传染性。口腔颌面外科医师在诊疗过程中,无可避免地需接触患者的口腔、上呼吸道及其他分泌物,极易造成感染,属于高危医务工作者群体。如何提高口腔颌面外科医师的防护意识,在规范或合理建议下开展口腔颌面外科急诊或择期手术的相关工作,是疫情期间亟须解决的问题。为此,口腔颌面外科专业委员会特组织部分专家,撰写了口腔颌面外科手术在新型冠状病毒感染流行期管理的专家建议,为口腔颌面外科临床医师的诊疗提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下提高口腔种植门诊诊疗工作的安全性

新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)的爆发和传播,成为被世界卫生组织认定的“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”[1],对口腔种植门诊的诊疗和护理带来巨大的挑战。口腔种植门诊诊疗操作的特殊性,新型冠状病毒肺炎的流行病学特点,使口腔医务人员成为新型冠状病毒肺炎感染的高危群体,疫情存在口腔操作中爆发的危险。本文根据对新型冠状病毒防控的总体要求,结合口腔种植门诊的专业特点,制定相关护理防控措施,保证护理工作有序进行,提高诊疗工作的安全性。本文内容涉及预检分诊、不同工作场景下的防护及提高口腔种植门诊诊疗环境安全性等,提出了疫情下的口腔护理防护策略,达到保护医护人员和患者健康的目的,以期为口腔种植门诊在疫情期的护理防控工作提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间口腔颌面创伤门急诊护理策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情目前仍然处于严峻阶段。由于口腔颌面创伤处理的特殊性及紧迫性,门急诊创伤工作医务人员承担着潜在的感染风险,切实有效落实防控措施尤为重要。护理工作在整个口腔颌面创伤的诊救过程中扮演着相当重要的角色。如何协同团队,在积极应对急症的情况下,正确落实各项防控措施,阻断疫情扩散,从而降低感染发生的风险,是目前护理工作需要面临的重要问题。本文以上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颌面门急诊创伤护理工作经验为例,初步讨论了口腔颌面门急诊创伤护理策略,旨在为临床开展工作提供参考。     

上海市新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫阶段口腔放射防控规范化专家共识

国家卫生健康委员会公告（2020年第1号）将新型冠状病毒肺炎纳入《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病,按甲类传染病管理。各级人民政府及卫生健康行政部门高度重视。随着全国范围内新型冠状病毒病（corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19）疫情防控向好,口腔科门诊逐步恢复诊疗活动。因新型冠状病毒传播途径主要为呼吸道飞沫和接触传播,部分口腔放射检查为高危操作,规范的口腔放射学检查流程对降低病毒传播风险具有重要意义。按照国家卫生健康委员会发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第7版)》及上海市卫生健康委员会发布的《上海市新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案（第5版）》要求,结合上海市各医疗机构的实际情况,上海口腔医学会口腔颌面放射专业委员会拟定了防控流程规范化专家共识,供临床参照执行,并将根据疫情防控形势及新的诊疗方案及时更新。     

新型冠状病毒防控阶段口腔颌面创伤管理策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情在短期内已扩散至全球30个国家和地区,被世界卫生组织认定为“突发公共卫生事件”。正确的防控措施可以阻断新型冠状病毒在医院内的传播,降低感染发生风险,有效防止疫情的进一步扩散。口腔颅颌面科承担着颌面部创伤急诊的工作,因诊疗操作的特殊性,交叉感染的风险较高,严格的防控措施尤其重要。本文从新型冠状病毒的流行病学特点、患者评估以及门急诊诊疗操作规范、围术期全方位防护管理等方面进行讨论,并提出相应建议。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间对急性牙痛临床诊疗工作的防控建议

当前新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19,简称新冠肺炎）疫情防控形势严峻,口腔诊疗由于其专业特殊性,受到了业界和卫生行政主管部门的关注。那么在疫情防控期间,作为最常见的口腔急症（急性牙痛）应该如何处理？本文结合国家卫生健康委员会颁发的相关规范标准和广东省、广州市卫生健康委员会颁发的口腔门、急诊诊疗工作文件,对疫情期间急性牙痛的处理拟定若干防控建议,以期为临床诊疗提供参考和指引。     

新型冠状病毒感染防控时期口腔外科门诊诊疗的专家建议

随着新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发及蔓延,口腔诊疗过程中带来的感染风险也迅速被人重视。在可择期的口腔诊治项目按照疫情防控相关要求全面暂停的当下,口腔外科医护人员仍坚守一线,担负着口腔颌面部外伤、感染及造成患者极大痛苦且无法保留的患牙拔除等必须急诊处置的工作。本文围绕口腔外科急诊处置的原则、适应证、风险评估、患者准备、医护防护等方面提出建议,以期为疫情期间开展口腔外科诊疗的医护人员提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期口腔专科感染防控的应急管理

本文根据国家有关新型冠状病毒感染防控要求和突发公共卫生事件应急条例,以及口腔专科的临床诊疗特点,参考国内外口腔诊疗中感染防控相关指南和文献,结合医院疫情期口腔诊疗中感染防控的应急管理工作举措,提出应对此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期医院感染防控的建议,重点聚焦疫情期医务人员防护培训及医院感染防控落实等方面,旨在为口腔专科在疫情发生期快速应对新型冠状病毒感染防控的应急管理提供参考。     

口腔急诊医务工作者应对新型冠状病毒感染的防控管理规范

2019冠状病毒病(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情期间,口腔医务人员因其诊疗操作的特殊性存在较大交叉感染的风险。目前多数地区的医院仅保留口腔急诊通道。本文依托本单位急性创伤急救中心,结合临床急救经验,从新型冠状病毒的流行病学特点、口腔科急诊诊疗感染的特点、医务人员的个人防护及诊室环境的防控管理等多个方面提出口腔急诊医务工作者的应急管理和防控规范,供口腔急诊医务人员参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间口腔急诊的管理与防控建议

新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情发展迅速,防控形势严峻。在疫情防控期间,由于口腔诊疗操作的特殊性,如何处理各类口腔急诊,面临着巨大挑战。为了在严密防控疫情的同时,科学有序地做好口腔急诊的临床诊疗工作,本文从人员管理培训、流程及处理、防护和消毒等方面,就新型冠状病毒肺炎疫期口腔急诊处置提出建议,供口腔医疗机构和医务人员参考。     

An update on the current training situation of German interns in oral and maxillofacial surgery at special times in 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the current state of training of German interns in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.A previously tested questionnaire consisting of 53 questions was sent to interns in German OMFS (non-) university hospitals and private practices as an online survey. The questionnaire was adapted to current topics, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, aspects concerning nighttime and weekend services, overtime hours, surgical logbooks, benefits of academic degrees and support for scientific activities, part-time employment, parental leave and childcare. Next, results of questions from before the COVID-19 pandemic were re-evaluated.The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the clinical work (71.83%) and the current state of training (68.64%) in OMFS of most participants. Nighttime and weekend services are possible for employees in possession of only one degree (87.93% with a medical degree) in most hospitals. Not having one or both doctorate degrees was considered to be a disadvantage by 54.95%. In all, 42.11% of the participants attested to a positive influence of research on their training situation, and 50% reported financial or non-financial research support from the employer. Part-time employment was possible for 78.81% of the participants. The course of training was interrupted more often for women due to parental or maternity leave (10.53% of men and 30.95% of women). A total of 40.71% of the participants reported that childcare was available at the hospital, theoretically.The state of OMFS training in Germany can be referred to as positive. Current and future challenges are diverse, including aspects originating from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, gender aspects, reconciliation of family and work, and flexible working hours. Addressing these topics will ensure OMFS training at the highest surgical level and further increase interns’ satisfaction, preserving the specialty’s popularity and reception.     

口腔颌面外科手术合并2019新型冠状病毒感染的管理策略

目前,2019冠状病毒病(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)在国内持续蔓延。口腔诊疗存在其特殊性,口腔科医生在诊疗过程中需近距离面对患者的口鼻,而潜伏期的患者在不知情的情况下前来就诊,极易造成医务人员感染,甚至导致疫情蔓延。疫情流行期间,原则上如非急诊手术,应延后择期进行。但因病情需要或需实施急诊手术时,应全面评估病情,掌握手术指征,严格执行消毒隔离制度,认真做好防护工作。为做好口腔颌面外科手术的管理与自身防护,避免疫情扩散,保护医患健康,现提出COVID-19流行期间开展口腔颌面外科手术的防控策略,供口腔科医生参考。     

MaxSim: a novel simulation-based education course for OMFS emergencies

For oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) senior house officers (SHOs) with no formal medical training, the first exposure to emergency scenarios will be the first time they have to manage them, usually alone. Simulation-based education (SBE) has been demonstrated to increase experience and confidence when used in medical education, so an OMFS SBE course was created to facilitate this. The course was centred on scenarios that necessitate a rapid response, including sepsis, retrobulbar haemorrhage, and carotid artery blowout. A questionnaire with a 10-point numerical score was given to assess the change in confidence when managing these scenarios. Learner numbers were limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but all 10 completed both questionnaires. There was an even distribution between first and second-year SHOs. Two had received simulation training before, but it was very limited. In all stations every learner felt an increase in confidence, on average by 45% (range 38%-56%, p<0.05) on the 10-point scale. Positive feedback was also given by them all. SBE has been shown to be an invaluable method of training for clinical scenarios and needs to become common in OMFS. The course is to be expanded post COVID-19 to become available nationally.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下口腔癌患者诊疗及康复策略

2019年末，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，简称新冠肺炎）疫情在中国蔓延，对全国医疗卫生活动带来了巨大的影响和挑战。口腔癌是需要限期治疗的恶性肿瘤，新冠肺炎疫情下如何实现及时诊治是亟待解决的难题。中山大学附属口腔医院在新冠肺炎疫情严密防控基础上，通过院前严格筛查、治疗方案调整、线上复诊及居家功能康复等策略，坚持对口腔癌患者的及时救治。现将我院疫情期间口腔癌患者诊疗及康复策略进行总结，供同行及患者参考。     

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Consultant Workforce in the UK: reducing consultant numbers resulting from recruitment issues,pension pressures,changing job-plans,and demographics when combined with the COVID backlog in elective surgery,requires urgent action

Mean retirement age for UK doctors is 59.6 years, giving the average OMFS consultant approximately 20 years of practice. Current pension tax regulations, new consultant posts typically restricted to a maximum of 10 sessions (40 hours), increasing proportions of consultants working less than full time (LTFT), all combined with the backlog of elective care created by COVID-19 will create a significant gap between workforce capacity and clinical demand. The age of current OMFS consultants was estimated using the date of their primary medical/dental qualification. Changes in job plans were estimated using data from the BAOMS Workforce Census and from recently advertised posts. Reports of unfilled posts were collated by OMFS Regional Specialty Professional Advisors (RSPAs). First degree dates were identified for 476 OMFS substantive consultant posts. Estimated current average age of OMFS consultants was 52.7 years (minimum 35.9, maximum 72.1), 75th centile age 59.0 and 23% of the current consultant workforce above the average retirement age for doctors. The 10 sessions of new OMFS consultants posts is significantly less than existing consultants' average of 12.1 sessions (48.4 hours). Unfilled consultant posts in Great Britain are 13% of the total compared to 20% in Northern Ireland and Ireland. Many (23%) of the OMFS consultant workforce are above average retirement age. Forty-hour contracts; new consultants working LTFT; and early loss of senior colleagues because of pension pressure will reduce NHS’ capacity to treat OMFS disorders and injuries. This paper suggests increasing consultant posts, increasing trainee numbers, and actively retaining senior surgeons to maintain capacity.     

Management of odontogenic cervicofacial infections presenting to oral and maxillofacial units during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

On 25 March 2020, the Chief Dental Officer issued national guidance restricting the provision of all routine, non-urgent dental services in response to the spread of COVID-19. We analysed odontogenic cervicofacial infections (CFI) presenting to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) departments during the first wave of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom.From 1 April 2020 until 31 July 2020 a database was used to prospectively collect records for all patients with CFI who presented to oral and maxillofacial teams. Information gathered included clinical presentation, location/origin of infection, and how this was managed. The OMFS units were asked to compare the patient’s care with the treatment that would usually have been given prior to the crisis. A total of 32 OMFS units recorded 1381 cases of CFI in the UK. Most of the infections were referred via the emergency department (74%). Lower first or second molars were the most common origin, contributing 40% of CFI. Collaborators reported that patients' treatments were modified as a response to COVID in 20% of cases, the most frequently cited reason being the application of COVID-19 hospital policy (85%). The impact of the first wave of COVID modified the management of a significant number of patients presenting with CFI, and there was a proactive move to avoid general anaesthetics where possible. Some patients who presented to secondary care were given no treatment, suggesting they could have been managed in primary dental care if this had been available. We recommend that OMFS units and urgent dental care centres (UDCCs) build strong communication links not only to provide the best possible patient care, but to minimise COVID exposure and the strain on emergency departments during the pandemic.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间口腔门诊管理与感染防控对策

2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19,简称新冠肺炎）疫情爆发,并快速向全国各地及境外蔓延,严重威胁人民生命健康。口腔诊疗因具有医护患距离近、操作时间长,并且常规使用高速涡轮快速手机、超声波洁牙机等产生大量飞沫和气溶胶设备的特点,存在较高的院内扩散和医院感染风险。为有效地阻断医院内新型冠状病毒的传播,控制疫情的扩散,结合口腔诊疗特点,本文提出了新冠肺炎疫情期间口腔门诊管理及防控对策,并希望对后疫情期即将恢复正常诊疗活动的医院感染防控提供参考。