The original versus a modified inside-out transobturator procedure: 1-year results of a prospective randomized trial

Introduction and hypothesis  

The aim of this study is to compare a modified inside-out transobturator procedure with its original counterpart [inside-out transobturator (TVT-O)] for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).     

An inexpensive modified transobturator vaginal tape inside-out procedure for the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence

Introduction and hypothesis  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a modified transobturator vaginal tape inside-out (TVT-O) procedure for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) using custom-tailored polypropylene mesh and helical needles.     

Pudendal neuralgia following transobturator inside-out tape procedure (TVT-O)--case report and anatomical study

Persistent pain after TVT-O procedure is a rare complication. Nerve injuries have been suspected as a cause of persistent pain. We present one case of atypical postoperative pain—pudendal neuralgia following TVT-O procedure—which persisted 3 years after the primary procedure. The patient required surgical removal of the tape, which brought only partial relief. Complete relief from pain was afterwards achieved with repeated local applications of anesthetics with corticosteroids. The recurrent stress urinary incontinence was treated with retropubic TVT. Pudendal nerve irritation was also described after retropubic sling procedure, and the cadaveric dissection indicated the theoretic possibility of nerve injury during retropubic sling procedure. To explain the mechanism of nerve injury, we performed cadaveric dissections on a formalin-embalmed female body. We were able to demonstrate the contact of the needle with the pudendal nerve after aberrant passage of the inserter.     

Retropubic tension-free vaginal tape and inside-out transobturator tape: a long-term randomized trial

Introduction and hypothesis

The tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and inside-out transobturator tape (TVT-O) are first-line surgical treatments for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, there is a lack of information regarding the long-term comparative safety of these procedures.

Methods

A total of 140 SUI patients were randomized to the TVT or TVT-O procedure and were interviewed by an independent investigator at the follow-up. The primary outcomes were the proportions of patients with long-term postoperative complications. The secondary outcomes included the cure rates, quality of life (QOL) and sexual function based on validated questionnaires.

Results

One hundred and twenty (85.71 %) patients completed the long-term follow-up. More TVT patients experienced perioperative complications (P?<?0.05). However, in a mean follow-up of 95 months, no significant between-group difference was found in the proportions of patients with long-term complications or in the variety of reported complications. The long-term complication rates for TVT and TVT-O were 43.1 % and 27.4 % respectively (P?=?0.07). De novo voiding (15.8 %) and storage symptoms (10.8 %) were the primary long-term complications. Tape exposure was possible up to 7 years after TVT-O. The objective cure rates of TVT and TVT-O procedures were 79.30 and 69.35 % respectively, which were not significantly higher than the subjective rates. The Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) scores remained improved (P?<?0.001) after both procedures, even at the 95-month follow-up. No difference was observed in the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire Short Form (PISQ-12) scores after either procedure.

Conclusions

In the long term, the proportion of patients with complications and the cure rates of the two procedures did not differ significantly. The long-term complication rates were high, but morbidity was low, and the QOL remained improved.

     

Hemodynamic status after the Norwood procedure: a comparison of right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery connection versus modified Blalock-Taussig shunt

Background

The aim of this study is to compare hemodynamic status, in particular systemic oxygen delivery, in patients undergoing a Norwood procedure with a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) versus a modified Blalock-Taussig (mBT) shunt.

Methods

From June 2000 to November 2003, 44 consecutive neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome underwent a Norwood procedure. The first 25 patients received an mBT shunt; the subsequent 19 an RV-PA shunt. Hemodynamic data, including mixed venous oxygen saturation, was determined during the first 48 hours after surgery.

Results

The mBT and RV-PA shunt patients had no significant differences in systemic oxygen saturation, mixed venous oxygen saturation, arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference, or oxygen excess factor during the first 48 hours. Mixed venous saturation declined to a nadir in both groups at 6 to 12 hours. The RV-PA patients had significantly higher diastolic and mean blood pressures, and lower systolic blood pressure. Mean heart rate, common atrial pressure, and inotrope score did not differ between the two groups. The RV-PA patients received higher fraction of inspired oxygen and minute ventilation to achieve partial pressures of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide, and pH, similar to mBT patients. Durations of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay did not differ between mBT and RV-PA patients. Operative survival in the mBT versus RV-PA group was 20 of 25 (80%) versus 17 of 19 (89%; p = 0.7).

Conclusions

Indicators of postoperative systemic oxygen delivery are equivalent in neonates who have undergone a Norwood procedure with an mBT or RV-PA shunt. Both mBT and RV-PA patients undergo similar declines in hemodynamic status 6 to 12 hours after surgery. Any advantages of one approach over the other lie in areas other than systemic oxygen delivery, such as resistance to physiologic insults, or preservation of ventricular function.     

Vesicovaginal fistula following a transobturator midurethral sling procedure

Synthetic mid-urethral slings are currently the most common surgical procedure performed for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. The transobturator mid-urethral sling technique was originally described in 2001 and has since become widely accepted due to its high rate of success and low complication rate. Although complications remain infrequent, when they do occur, there is potential for significant patient morbidity. We report a case of a vesicovaginal fistula following a transobturator mid-urethral sling procedure and describe successful reconstruction with transvaginal sling excision, fistula closure, and placement of an autologous pubovaginal sling.     

先天性巨结肠改良Rehbein根治术中的解剖学根据(附49例分析)

目的:探讨先天性巨结肠改良Rehbein根治术中的应用解剖,明确直肠游离的标准术式及其理论依据.方法:对49例先天性巨结肠改良Rehbein术式进行回顾性分析,分析手术步骤的解剖根据.结果:标准术式:游离直肠后壁时,先在子宫(或膀胱)直肠陷凹腹膜反折水平之右直肠旁凹处用电刀切开腹膜,在直肠后间隙向外、向下分离,两侧达直肠侧韧带前面,直肠侧韧带断离至其中部即止,向下楔形分离直肠后壁至提肛肌,将直肠后壁沿正中线切开至齿状线上0.5～0.8cm,严密、轻巧吻合远、近端肠段,术后排便优良率98.0%.结论:标准术式解剖层次清晰,出血少,吻合口血供良好,直肠前壁的排便反射区基本不受干扰,术后排便功能良好,病人生活质量高.     

Clinical comparison between original and modified distal splenorenal shunts

This article reports on a retrospective clinical comparison between the original Warren shunt and one that we modified with Gore-Tex (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) interposition. The former operation was performed on 35 patients between June 1969 and November 1983 and the latter on 29 patients between October 1983 and January 1986. There were no significant differences in the patients' backgrounds between the two study groups. Blood loss during surgery was significantly greater and operation time was longer in the original shunt group than in the modified shunt group. The incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality was also significantly higher in the former group than in the latter (major complication rate: 20.0% versus 3.4%; operative death within 1 month: 5.7% versus 0%; in-hospital death: 11.4% versus 3.4%). The modified shunts had a 100% patency rate, and no variceal bleeding was evident, whereas shunt occlusion was observed in two patients and portal thrombosis in one patient of the original shunt group. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy was 14.3% in the original shunt group and 6.9% in the modified shunt group, and the follow-up time was shorter in the latter group. A significantly greater rate of survival was achieved with the modified Warren shunts. Thus the current study seems to indicate that our modifications could be alternatives to the original distal splenorenal shunt in terms of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival.     

Anatomical variability in the trajectory of the inside-out transobturator vaginal tape technique (TVT-O)

An experimental surgical study on human cadavers was undertaken to assess variability in the trajectory followed by the needle during application of the inside-out transobturator tape suspension (TVT-O) technique. The TVT-O surgical procedures were performed on six fresh female cadavers according to the standard recommended operative protocol. Subsequent anatomical dissection revealed that the needle had perforated the obturator membrane at a distance of 0.7 to 2.0 cm from the needle to the obturator canal. It subsequently followed a variable course passing at 0.5 to 2.0 cm from the anterior branch of the obturator nerve and 0.1 to 1.4 cm from the posterior branch. We conclude from this anatomical study that the TVT-O trajectory is subject to wider variability than was originally postulated. Both P. Hinoul and S. Smajda contributed equally to this paper.     

经耻骨后及经闭孔无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的效果

目的对比观察经耻骨后径路无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)和经闭孔径路无张力阴道吊带术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的效果。方法2002年6月至2005年5月,行女性SUI无张力阴道吊带术81例。患者年龄35~79岁,平均51岁。病程6个月~30年。其中行TVT58例、行TVT-O术者23例。以术后增加腹压有无尿液溢出为疗效判断标准。结果TVT组TVT-O组手术时间分别为30~60min[平均(36.4±7.6)min]、20~35min[平均(24.4±5.1)min](P<0.01)。81例中,74例(91.4%)尿失禁症状完全消失,5例(6.2%)改善,2例(2.5%)失败。TVT组治愈52例(89.7%)、改善4例(6.9%)、失败2例(3.4%);TVT-O组治愈22例(95.7%)、改善1例(4.3%);2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TVT组和TVT-O组分别有6例(10.3%)和2例(8.7%)发生术后排尿困难;TVT组3例(5.2%)术中发生膀胱损伤,1例(1.7%)术后发生耻骨后血肿;TVT-O组3例(13.0%)术后2d内出现双下肢短暂性活动障碍自行缓解。结论无张力阴道吊带术是一种治疗女性SUI安全有效的方法,TVT-O较TVT更为简单,创伤更小,并发症轻。     

Treatment of voiding dysfunction after transobturator tape procedure

Voiding dysfunction after mid-urethral sling procedures is uncommon but not completely avoidable. We report on a method to adjust the transobturator mid-urethral sling under local anesthesia in the early postoperative period for postoperative voiding difficulty. At postoperative day 17 and 18, 2 women, who had undergone the transobturator tape procedure for stress incontinence, underwent successful loosening of the mesh through the previous vaginal incision, without the need to transect or remove the tape. Both patients had immediate resolution of their symptoms while maintaining urinary continence.     

Total cavopulmonary anastomosis versus conventional modified Fontan procedure

The total cavopulmonary anastomosis, lateral tunnel Fontan, has been advocated as a preferred method for Fontan type repair. From 1987 to July 1990, 39 patients underwent total cavopulmonary anastomoses (group 1) and 39 patients underwent modified Fontan procedures (group 2); patients receiving adjustable atrial septal defects were excluded. Diagnoses in group 1 included tricuspid atresia in 5 patients, single ventricle in 32, and pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum in 2. Diagnoses in group 2 included tricuspid atresia in 20, single ventricle in 17, hypoplastic left heart syndrome in 1, and pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum in 1. There were no significant differences in age, weight, cross-clamp time, duration of inotropic support, postoperative effusions, or hospital stay between the two groups. Early mortality in group 1 was 7.7% (3/39) and in group 2, 2.6% (1/39). There was no difference in the incidence of early dysrhythmias or early pacemaker placement. Late mortality was 2.8% in group 1 and 8% in group 2 with a mean follow-up of 18 and 25 months, respectively. Follow-up in group 1 revealed 33 patients in normal sinus rhythm and 1 patient with episodes of supraventricular tachycardia; no additional patients have required pacemakers. Follow-up in group 2 revealed 27 patients in normal sinus rhythm and supraventricular tachycardia in 4 patients; 5 additional patients have required pacemaker placement. There is no apparent difference in early outcome between the total cavopulmonary anastomosis and the conventional modified Fontan. However, there appears to be an increased incidence of late dysrhythmias and the need for pacemaker placement in the conventional modified Fontan group compared with the lateral tunnel group.     

Novel surgical technique for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: transobturator vaginal tape inside-out

OBJECTIVES: To describe a new, simple surgical technique for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to evaluate its feasibility. METHODS: We have developed a novel surgical treatment of SUI, the transobturator inside-out tension-free urethral suspension, which uses specifically designed surgical tools, and in which a synthetic tape is passed from underneath the urethra, through the obturator foramens, towards the thigh folds, without entering the pelvic region at any time during the procedure. The tape is positioned without tension under the junction between mid and distal urethra. RESULTS: The procedure was carried out in 107 consecutive patients (mean age: 62 years) using the same operative protocol in all case subjects, independently of the patient's size and weight. Mean operative time was 14 min (range: 7-20) in case of isolated SUI treatment. No bladder or urethral injuries and no vascular (hematoma or bleeding) or neurological complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that our novel transobturator inside-out surgical technique for treating SUI is feasible, accurate, and quick. This technique avoids damage to the urethra and bladder and, therefore, makes cystoscopy not necessary. Further prospective studies are currently ongoing to determine the efficacy of our new surgical approach for treating SUI.     

Female sexual function following surgery for stress urinary incontinence: tension-free vaginal versus transobturator tape procedure

The aim of this study was to compare sexual function outcome following tension-free vaginal (TVT) versus transobturator tape (TOT) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). All women who underwent TVT or TOT procedures for SUI with no concomitant prolapse repair between January 2002 and July 2007 were sent a retrospective pre-post questionnaire. Eighty-one and 64 women were sexually active before and after TVT and TOT procedures, respectively. Sexual function outcome did not differ pre- and postoperatively for the TVT and TOT groups, and postoperatively between the two groups. Responders reported an improvement of intercourse satisfaction in 23 (29.5%) and 21 (32.9%) cases, whereas 14 (17.3%) and eight (12.5%) complained of sexual function deterioration after TVT and TOT procedure, respectively (p = 0.43). This study suggests that anti-incontinence surgery can have a positive and negative outcome on sexual function, with no significant differences between the TVT and TOT procedures.