骨关节闪烁显像在强直性脊柱炎早期诊断中的价值

目的：探讨放射性核素骨关节显像在强直性脊柱炎(AS)早期诊断中的价值。方法：对依“修订纽约标准”临床诊断肯定AS患者23例,符合临床标准而无确定放射学改变的可能AS病人27例,及正常对照31例进行了骨关节闪烁显像研究。经静脉注射~(99m)Tc－MDP 3小时后,所有受检者均采集1.5倍放大的骨盆后位像,分别在两侧骶髂关节(SIJ)和骶骨取相同大小的矩形感兴趣区(ROI),计算其比值SI/S作为骶髂关节指数,进行定量分析(QSS);全身骨关节闪烁显像(WB)进行视觉分析。结果：对照组SI/S为1.20±0.17,可能AS组与肯定AS组分别为1.58±0.36和1.44±0.22(P<0.01)。以每例有一侧SI/S大于1.5为异常,两侧均小于1.5为正常,则可能AS组与肯定AS组阳性率分别为74.07％和47.83％(P<0.55)。WB显示AS患者存在SIJ外多处关节骨质代谢活跃灶,典型椎肋关节和脊椎明显不均匀性高摄取作为诊断依据,可能AS组与肯定AS组阳性率分别为44.44％和60.87％(P<0.05)。结合QSS与WB可能AS组和肯定AS组阳性率分别达85.19％和82.16％。结论：QSS有益于早期AS的诊断,而QSS与WB结合可进一步提高诊断灵敏性,并可明确病变的进展和累及部位。     

Evaluation of growth in children using quantitative bone scintigraphy

Our aim was to assess the value of quantitative bone scintigraphy for evaluating long-bone growth and to establish the normal uptake patterns of the growth plate in children. Subjects (180 girls, 154 boys) of normal weight and height, aged 2-20 years, were investigated using skeletal scintigraphy. Regions of interest were outlined over posterior images of the distal femoral growth plate and femoral diaphysis. The average number of counts per fixel in each region of interest was determined. The ratio of uptake in the distal femoral growth plate to that in the femoral diaphysis (GP:D ratio) was calculated for all subjects, and its relationship with age was determined. Peak GP:D ratios in girls and boys were reached at ages 11 and 13 years, respectively (8.26 in girls and 8.18 in boys), corresponding to the periods of most rapid growth. Our findings suggest that determining the scintigraphic GP:D ratio may be useful for evaluating growth and development in children if normal standard GP:D ratios are established.     

肿瘤放射治疗部位核素骨显像特征

目的：探讨恶性肿瘤患者放射治疗部位骨显像的放射性分布改变。方法：５３例乳腺癌、３０例鼻咽癌、４９例肺癌,２２例食管癌患者行＾９９Ｔｃ－ＭＤＰ全身显显像,对放射治疗部位骨显像剂浓聚的情况进行观察分析。结果：１５４例口才中７７例（５０％）放射性浓聚异常。其中４７例（３０．５％）局部软组织浓聚,３２例（２０．８％）避部骨放射性浓聚减低,１２例（７．８％）局部骨放射性浓聚增高。８例有两种改变,３例有三种改     

Far-field potentials in muscle: a quantitative investigation.

Far-field potentials have been produced from muscle tissue and shown to arise from both the proximal and distal musculotendinous junctions after the activation of a small group of muscle fibers. This investigation demonstrated that the polarity of muscle far-field potentials is consistent with the predictions of the leading/trailing dipole model. Far-field potential polarity was dependent upon the active electrode's orientation with respect to the positive or negative aspect of the trailing dipole after extinction of the leading dipole at the musculotendinous junction. This study also quantitatively measured the duration and magnitude of the two far-field potentials generated in the human biceps muscle by both proximal and distal muscle stimulation. The muscle far-field potential resulting from distal muscle stimulation closest to the musculotendinous junction was consistently shorter in mean duration (5.2msec +/- 2.1) but larger in mean amplitude (22.3 microV +/- 12.9) compared with the second far-field potential mean duration (10.4msec +/- 3.9) and amplitude (10.0 microV +/- 3.7). The mean areas under the curve for these far-field potentials, however, were comparable at 48.0msec microV and 48.7msec microV. Proximal muscle stimulation resulted in similar findings for the first far-field potential's mean duration, amplitude, and area (6.0msec; 19.7 microV; 50.6msec microV, respectively) in relation to those of the second far-field potential (12.5msec; 9.1 microV 49.1msec microV). The differences in amplitude and duration of the two far-field potentials, with similar areas, are consistent with, and can be adequately explained by, temporal dispersion effects of the muscle fiber action potentials' propagation over distance.     

卵巢肿块400例超声诊断与病理对照分析

目的 了解不同病理类型的卵巢肿块在各年龄组中的分布,更好地帮助超声诊断及其鉴别诊断.方法 选择B超声诊断卵巢肿瘤并行手术治疗病理结果 400例,按不同年龄分组进行超声诊断分析及病理分析.结果 超声诊断卵巢肿瘤并手术者,病理结果 卵巢良性肿瘤257例(64.3%),恶性肿瘤6例(1.5%),巧克力囊肿70例(17.5%),其他瘤样病变67例(16.8%).超声诊断与病理符合率巧克力囊肿、畸胎瘤、浆液性囊腺瘤、黏液性囊腺瘤分别为87.5%、96.6%、47.8%和40.0%;超声诊断囊性包块病理良性100.0%,囊实性包块病理良性占96.2%,恶性占3.8%;超声诊断实性包块病理良性占100.0%,恶性占100.0%.结果 超声诊断卵巢肿块简便、客观,可有效地帮助临床诊疗.     

X线骨骼摄片与核素骨显像在多发性骨髓瘤骨破坏的比较

目的 评价X线骨骼平片与放射性核素全身骨显像在多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma，MM)患者骨损害的应用价值。方法 对20例初发MM患者X线骨骼平片和放射性核素(99MTC—MDP)全身骨显像对比研究。结果 X线骨骼平片穿凿样溶骨性骨破坏占90％(18／20例)，病理性骨折占80％(16／20例)，弥漫性骨质疏松占80％(16／20例)。放射性核素骨显像阳性率45％(9／20例)，其表现是放射性核素浓聚灶、稀疏区，分布不均。结论 放射性核素骨显像对MM骨损害检查不如x线骨骼平片敏感、特异性高。X线骨骼摄片检查仍是诊断MM骨骼损害的首选。     

Socioeconomic effects of ankylosing spondylitis in females: a comparison of 25 female with 25 male subjects

25 men and 25 women with ankylosing spondylitis were interviewed, using a structural questionnaire, covering a profile of the disease and of socioeconomic areas. Particular attention was paid to sexual activity, pregnancy and child-rearing. Significant problems in most areas asked about were found, although childbearing was not curtailed. Tiredness was responsible for a lot of disability but the women managed housework reasonably well and also had a fairly good employment record.     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节CT表现特点(附31例分析)

目的:通过对31例强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节CT扫描,总结AS骶髂关节的CT表现。方法:31例临床确诊为AS的患者,男21例,女10例,年龄14~64岁,平均24.5岁。全部病例行双侧骶髂关节CT平扫,就其CT表现进行分析。结果:31例中有30例骶髂关节异常,其中Ⅰ级5例(16.1%),Ⅱ级7例(22.5%),Ⅲ级16例(51.6%),Ⅳ级2例(6.5%)。骶髂关节早期CT表现为对称性关节面骨皮质粗糙,局限性微小皮质破坏,但关节间隙正常;进展期为双侧骶髂关节面广泛骨皮质破坏,呈锯齿状或毛刷状,局部骨质硬化明显,关节间隙增宽;晚期为关节僵直,关节面下骨质疏松。结论:骶髂关节CT检查有助于AS的早期诊断,提高诊断准确性,其骶髂关节的CT表现对临床病情监测有重要价值。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节的CT表现

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT表现。方法收集分析52例强直性脊柱炎患者的骶髂关节CT资料。结果50例患者骶髂关节有异常表现,包括：早期：骨关节面受侵蚀,骨皮质局限增厚、硬化,关节间隙正常;后期：关节面呈虫蚀状改变,关节面皮质密度不规则增高,关节间隙增宽或变窄,最终关节间隙消失,关节强直。结论强直性脊柱炎患者CT检查有助于早期诊断。     

Diagnostic and prognostic potentials of microRNA-27a in osteosarcoma

AimGrowing evidence suggest that the microRNA (miR)-23a/24-2/27a cluster may play a crucial role in mammary tumorigenesis and act as a novel class of oncogenes. Among these members, miR-27a has been reported to promote proliferation, migration and invasion in human osteosarcoma cells. The aim of this study was to detect the serum levels of miR-27a in osteosarcoma patients and to investigate its associations with clinicopathological features and prognosis.MethodsmiR-27a levels in sera from 166 osteosarcoma patients and 60 healthy controls were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Then, the associations of serum miR-27a level with clinicopathological factors or survival of osteosarcoma patients were further evaluated.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, the serum levels of miR-27a were significantly increased in osteosarcoma patients (P < 0.001). Importantly, miR-27a could efficiently screen osteosarcoma patients from healthy controls (Area under receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC = 0.867). Then, high miR-27a expression was more frequently occurred in osteosarcoma patients with advanced clinical stage (P = 0.001), positive distant metastasis (P = 0.01) and poor response to chemotherapy (P = 0.008). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, high miR-27a expression was a significant indicator for poor overall survival (P = 0.006) as well as poor disease-free survival (P = 0.01). Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that miR-27a expression was an independent and significant prognostic factor to predict overall survival (P = 0.01) and disease-free survival (P = 0.03).ConclusionmiR-27a expression may be elevated in sera of osteosarcoma patients and in turn contributes to aggressive progression of this malignancy. Detection of serum miR-27a levels may have clinical potentials as a non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma patients.     

跟骨定量超声评估强直性脊柱炎患者的骨质疏松

目的:研究强直性脊柱炎(ankylosingspondylitis,AS)患者骨矿物质密度(bonemineraldensity,BMD)的变化,并探讨强直性脊柱炎患者发生骨质疏松的机理。方法:采用定量超声骨密度仪测定210例AS患者跟骨的骨密度,其中男165例,女45例,并与性别、年龄匹配的健康人作对照,分析AS的骨质疏松发生率。结果:AS患者早期即有较高的骨质疏松发病率,AS组骨密度(患者骨密度观测定和年轻人骨密度峰值的比较,t-Score)均显著低于对照组(男:-2.32±1.19和1.26±0.89,女:-1.01±1.18和1.45±0.36;t=29.8,13.7,P<0.05);AS组骨质疏松发生率(男47.9%,女2%)与对照组(男7.3%,女4%)比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=8.77,0.35,P<0.05)。HLA-B27(+)与HLA-B27(-)患者骨密度(-2.26±1.15和-2.56±0.70)比较无显著性差异(t=1.47,P>0.05)。结论:骨质疏松是AS患者的常见并发症,疾病早期即有骨质疏松发生,超声骨密度可敏感检测AS继发骨质疏松,提示对AS患者早期既应注意骨质疏松的防治。     

Diagnostic accuracy of laboratory and ultrasound findings in patients with a non-visualized appendix

Ultrasound (US) and laboratory testing are initial diagnostic tests for acute appendicitis. A diagnostic dilemma develops when the appendix is not visualized on US. Objective: To determine if specific US findings and/or laboratory results predict acute appendicitis when the appendix is not visualized. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on children (birth-18?yrs) presenting to the pediatric emergency department with suspected acute appendicitis who underwent right lower quadrant US.Children with previous appendectomy, US at another facility, or eloped were excluded. US findings analyzed: inflammatory changes, right lower quadrant and lower abdominal fluid, tenderness during US exam and lymph nodes. Diagnoses were confirmed via surgical pathology. Results 1252 subjects were enrolled, 60.8% (762) had appendix visualized and 39.1% (490) did not. In children where the appendix was not seen, 6.7% [33] were diagnosed with appendicitis. Among patients with a non-visualized appendix, the likelihood of appendicitis was significantly greater if: inflammatory changes in the RLQ (OR 18.0, 95% CI 4.5–72.1), CRP >0.5?mg/dL (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.0–6.8), or WBC?>?10 (OR 4.36, 95% CI 1.66–11.58). Duration of abdominal pain >3?days was significantly less likely associated with appendicitis in this model (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.003–0.395). Combined, the absence inflammatory changes, CRP?<?0.5?mg/dL, WBC?<?10, and pain, ≤3?days had a NPV of 94.0%. Conclusion When the appendix is not visualized on US, predictors for appendicitis include the presence of inflammatory changes in the RLQ, an elevated WBC/CRP and abdominal pain <3?days.     

Serum lipoprotiens in four European communities: a quantitative comparison

Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations have been measured in 985 men and women sampled from communities in London, Naples, Uppsala and Geneva. This was done to define normal ranges, detect inter-population differences, and relate such differences to levels of lipids in the major lipoprotein classes of plasma. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations showed substantial differences between the four populations; levels of these lipids showed parallel trends, which were attributable to differences in low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein concentrations. By contrast, high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations showed little or no interpopulation differences. Geographical differences in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were not correlated with variation in the prevalence of obesity.     

Video-endoscopes in comparison with fiberscopes: quantitative measurement of optical resolution

The subject of this study was the optical performance of video-endoscopic systems (VE) in terms of maximal resolving power and resolvable picture elements. Olympus, Toshiba/Machida, Fujinon, and Welch Allyn video gastroscopes were tested. A GIF Q 10 fiberscope from Olympus was also included for comparison. The resolution measurements were made at various distances using two independent methods--electronic analysis of the TV signal, and visual evaluation of the resolution, of a standardized test target. The results obtained with the two methods were in perfect agreement. The resolution of fine details clearly depends on the distance between the distal end and the target because of decreasing image scale. Depending on the individual optical design, the various VE's show maxima at different distances. At shorter distances, the image is degraded by defocusing. An optimal distance which is as small as possible is desired for clinical routine. Apart from the fiberscope this requirement is best met by the Fuji system. The greatest resolution is obtained with the Toshiba system but at the cost of the viewing angle which is the smallest of all the systems. Fuji combines relatively high resolution with a large viewing angle. Because of the widely varying viewing angle a comparison based solely on resolution cannot represent the true imaging capability of the system. We therefore eliminated purely optical parameters and calculated the number of resolvable picture elements per line. We regard this number to be a fair characterization of both TV and fiber systems.