妊娠期糖尿病胎盘组织TLR4的表达与妊娠结局的关系

目的:探讨Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)在妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)胎盘组织中的表达及其与胎盘组织形态学异常和妊娠结局的关系.方法:选择南通大学附属如皋医院2018年6月至2019年6月收治的34例妊娠期糖尿病患者(GDM组...     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Toll样受体2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达

目的 检测正常胎盘和胎膜组织中Toll样受体2(TLR2)的表达.方法 收集5例足月剖宫分娩胎盘和胎膜样本,运用RT-PCR法检测胎盘和胎膜组织中TLR2 mRNA的表达,运用免疫组织化学和Westen blot印迹方法检测TLR2蛋白质在胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达.结果 RT-PCR显示在mRNA水平,胎盘和胎膜组织中均有TLR2表达;Westen blot印迹显示TLR2抗体在胎盘和胎膜组织中相对分子质量为50000左右的位置有一条明显的条带;免疫组化研究显示TLR2在胎盘的合体滋养细胞、胎膜的羊膜上皮细胞及平滑绒毛膜滋养细胞中有表达.结论 TLR2在人胎盘和胎膜组织中的表达,提示其在妊娠期先天性免疫中可能发挥重要作用.     

Immunohistochemical Localization of Endothelin-1 in Placenta and Fetal Membranes in Term and Preterm Human Pregnancy

PROBLEM : The aim of the study was to determine the ET-1 localization on human placenta and fetal membranes and to compare its distribution between term and preterm pregnancies in laboring and non-laboring tissues. METHODS : Tissues obtained from nine term elective cesarean section, eight spontaneous vaginal term delivery, and 13 preterm delivery from both cesarean section (N = 6) and vaginal delivery (N = 7) were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS : Immunoreactive ET-1 (IR-ET-1) was detected in villous and nonvillous trophoblast in all groups, although laboring tissues showed strong staining in the syncytiotrophoblast of the villi. ET-1 immunostaining of endothelial cells was observed in all placental villous vessels with a considerable variability within groups. In the fetal membranes, intensive immunopositive staining was observed in the chorionic trophoblast following vaginal deliveries in term and preterm tissues. CONCLUSIONS : This is the first study to report the localization of IR-ET-1 in human fetal membranes and placenta, and suggests that amnion and trophoblast represents a source of ET-1 production or, alternatively, a site for ET-1 binding.     

Serum TLR2 and TLR4 levels in colorectal cancer and their association with systemic inflammatory markers,tumor characteristics,and disease outcome

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. However, the significance of serum TLR concentrations in CRC is unknown. We analyzed serum TLR2 and TLR4 concentrations with ELISA in preoperative samples from 118 patients with CRC and 88 matched controls. We also assessed tissue TLR expression with immunohistochemistry and by detecting serum determinants of systemic inflammation. Most participants (>70%) had undetectable serum TLR2. The mean serum TLR4 levels were lower in patients than in controls (1.1 vs 1.8 ng/mL; p = 0.015). Undetectable TLR4 was more common in stage I (39%) than in stages II–IV (11%, p < 0.001). TLR2 or TLR4 expression in tumor cells did not correlate with serum levels, but abundant TLR2 expression in normal colon epithelium was associated with detectable serum TLR2 (p = 0.034). Undetectable serum TLR2 was linked to high modified Glasgow prognostic scores (p = 0.010), high CRP levels (p = 0.013), blood vessel invasion (p = 0.013), and tended to be associated with worse 5‐year survival (p = 0.052). In conclusion, serum TLR2 levels were inversely associated with systemic inflammation in patients with CRC. Moreover, serum TLR2 levels might depend more on normal colorectal mucosa contributions than on tumor tissue contributions. Further studies are required to assess the prognostic value of serum TLR2.     

人脐血血清对巨噬细胞Toll样受体4表达及功能的影响

目的研究人脐血血清(cord blood serum,CBS)对巨噬细胞RAW264.7 Toll样受体4(Toll like receptor4,TLR4)表达及功能的影响。方法取足月孕妇脐带血和外周血血清,与RAW264.7细胞共孵育,电镜下观察形态学变化,MTT法检测血清对RAW264.7细胞活性的影响;RT-PCR和流式细胞术检测RAW264.7细胞TLR4基因和蛋白表达水平;免疫荧光技术检测RAW264.7细胞I_κB_α水平,RR-PCR检测RAW264.7细胞COX-2的表达,以反映TLR4信号途径活化程度。结果人脐血血清可下调RAW264.7细胞TLR4的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;人脐血血清预孵育可抑制由LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NF-_κB激活和COX-2的表达。结论人脐血血清能抑制巨噬细胞TLR4的表达及其下游信号传递,这为阐明脐血血清对脐血细胞免疫功能调节的机制提供了新的实验线索。     

轴突导向因子-1在胎儿生长受限胎盘组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨神经轴突导向因子?1（ netrin?1）在胎儿生长受限患者胎盘组织中的表达变化。方法分析33例胎儿生长受限患者（其中18例为胎儿生长受限合并妊娠期高血压患者）及24例正常妊娠孕妇相关数据,并利用Real time?polymerase chain reaction （ RT?PCR）和Western印迹检测netrin?1在胎盘组织中的表达差异。结果①临床数据显示胎儿生长受限患者与正常孕妇在年龄、孕周、体重指数、血压、胎盘重量和出生体重等方面存在显著差异（ P＜0．05或P＜0．01）;②免疫组化结果显示netrin?1在胎盘中存在表达。③ RT?PCR及蛋白质印迹法显示胎儿生长受限患者胎盘组织中netrin?1的表达明显降低。结论 ne?trin?1表达降低可能是导致宫内胎儿生长受限的机制之一。     

Expression and subcellular distribution of toll-like receptors TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 on the gastric epithelium in Helicobacter pylori infection

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by mucosal epithelium play an essential role in the defense against microbes by recognizing conserved bacterial molecules. For the first time TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 have been microanatomically localized in patients with noninflamed gastric mucosa and Helicobacter pylori gastritis by immunohistochemistry. Because polarized expression of TLRs in apical and basolateral epithelial compartments is thought to modulate mucosal immunity, subcellular TLR distribution by gastric epithelium was investigated using confocal microscopy. TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 were expressed by gastric epithelium in antrum and corpus of all patients with H. pylori gastritis (n = 14) and with noninflamed gastric mucosa (n = 5). TLR4 was expressed at the apical and the basolateral pole of the gastric epithelium as well in noninflamed gastric mucosa as in H. pylori gastritis. TLR5 and TLR9 expression in the noninflamed gastric mucosa was identical to that of TLR4 with localization at the apical and the basolateral epithelial pole. However, in H. pylori gastritis TLR5 and TLR9 expression on the gastric epithelium changed to an exclusive basolateral localization without detectable expression at the apical pole. In the human stomach, the gastric epithelium expressed TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9, which gives it the possibility to interact with H. pylori. Furthermore, gastric epithelial TLR4 expression is highly polarized in an apical and a basolateral compartment, whereas TLR5 and TLR9 polarization seems to be a process dynamically influenced by H. pylori infection. This polarized and dynamically regulated gastric epithelial expression of TLRs supports a sentinel role for these receptors in the mucosal immunity to H. pylori.     

Toll样受体2和Toll样受体4在免疫应答衣原体感染中的作用

衣原体是重要的人类病原体,其能够导致多种疾病的发生.由衣原体引起的许多人类疾病被认为是免疫病理学介导的.已经证明Toll样受体(TLRs)是多种病原体感染的主要模式识别受体( PRRs),在起始固有免疫应答,建立适应性免疫应答中发挥着重要作用.在TLR家族中,TLR2和TLR4与衣原体感染的相关性研究备受关注,在识别衣原体感染、调节宿主的早期免疫应答、炎症反应和病理形成中执行着关键性的作用.研究TLR2和TLR4在免疫应答衣原体感染中的作用可以更好地理解TLRs介导的分子免疫机制,可能有助于研发免疫治疗的分子靶标,最终有效预防、控制衣原体感染引起的疾病.     

地塞米松对小鼠脾脏巨噬细胞内TLR4和TLR2表达的影响

为观察小鼠脾巨噬细胞内的TLR4和TLR2在脂多糖 (LPS )刺激后 ,地塞米松 (Dx )对其表达量的影响 ,在向BALB/c小鼠腹腔内注射LPS和Dx后采用贴壁法分离小鼠脾巨噬细胞 ,通过半定量RT PCR方法测定了TLR4和TLR2mRNA的表达量。结果显示 :①LPS刺激后 ,小鼠脾巨噬细胞内TLR4mRNA显著上调 (吸光度比为 0 11) ,TLR2上调不明显 (吸光度比为0 0 0 8) ;②预先注射不同剂量Dx ,分别为 0 1mg/kg、 1mg/kg、 10mg/kg ,再用LPS刺激小鼠。注射了Dx后巨噬细胞TLR4mRNA表达量较单纯注射LPS的小鼠显著降低 (吸光度比分别为 0 0 93、 0 0 5 0和 0 0 14 ) ;但TLR2mRNA表达量随着Dx使用剂量增加而增加 (吸光度比分别为 0 0 5 4、 0 0 80和 0 16 1)。该项研究表明TLR4是参与LPS引起炎症反应的主要Toll样受体 ,而TLR2不起主要作用 ;Dx对LPS刺激后TLR 4mRNA的表达有抑制作用 ,而对TLR2mRNA的表达有增强作用 ;Dx抑制LPS引起的炎症反应可能与抑制TLR4的表达有关     

Toll‐like Receptor‐2 and Toll‐like Receptor‐4 Expression on Maternal Neutrophils During Pregnancy

Nitsche JF, Jiang S‐W, Brost BC. Toll‐like receptor‐2 and toll‐like receptor‐4 expression on maternal neutrophils during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 427–434 Problem Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are an important part of the innate immune system and are present in a variety of human tissues. Work investigating the role of the TLR in pregnancy has thus far focused on placental tissue; however, minimal data is currently available concerning TLR expression in other tissues. Unlike placental tissue, neutrophils are easily retrievable during pregnancy and thus allow assessment of TLR’s prior to delivery. Method of study Using real time quantitative PCR this study investigated whether TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression on maternal neutrophils is altered throughout gestation or at the time of labor. A group of 12 non‐pregnant women and two groups of ten pregnant patients were enrolled and followed longitudinally, one group throughout gestation and one group throughout the third trimester. Results Although increased in the placenta, TLR2 and TLR4 expression on maternal neutrophils changes minimally throughout gestation. Conclusion There appears to be very little regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 at the mRNA level during normal pregnancy and labor. However, now that the normal values of TLR expression on maternal neutrophils have been determined it will be possible to compare them to those from pregnancies complicated by such conditions as preeclampsia, preterm labor, or preterm premature rupture of membranes.