全腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术一例报告

患者女,61岁,因皮肤巩膜黄染一周入院,无腹痛、寒热、呕吐、腹泻,偶感上腹胀闷不适及乏力。外院CT示“胆道低位梗阻,壶腹部肿瘤可能”,我院以“阻塞性黄疸”收住。既往无特殊病史。查体:一般情况可,体形较消瘦,皮肤巩膜重度黄染,左锁骨上淋巴结无肿大,腹软,肝脾未及,上腹深压痛,全腹未触及包块,直肠指检未见异常。入院后胃镜示:十二指肠乳头肿瘤(2 cm×2 cm);B超:胆总管显著扩张(2.4 cm),肝内胆管扩张,胰管扩张(1.5 cm),门静脉扩张(1.5 cm),胆囊积液,胆泥淤积,胰腺回声欠均;肝功:ALT 85·2u/l,AST 80.4u/l,AKP 390u/l,GGT 116.4u/l,T…     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹部肿瘤：附35例报告

背景与目的:近年来采用腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术(LPD)治疗壶腹部肿瘤取得了较好的临床效果。笔者总结所在科室LPD治疗壶腹部肿瘤的经验及体会,以供临床供参考。方法:回顾性分析本院2015年1月—2018年12月收治的35例行LPD术的壶腹部肿瘤患者的临床资料。35例患者中,十二指肠乳头腺癌32例,壶腹癌1例,十二指肠间质瘤1例,十二指肠乳头处神经内分泌肿瘤1例。结果:30例顺利行LPD术,5例因腹腔组织粘连严重、结构不清晰中转开腹;消化道重建采用Child法行胰管-空肠黏膜对黏膜吻合33例,行胰-空肠端-端套入吻合2例。31例术后均恢复良好,3例因术后胰瘘行再次手术,1例因术后消化道溃疡出血行再次手术,术后恢复良好出院。35例随访1～48个月,平均随访32个月,死亡22例,死亡时间为术后5～27个月。平均生存期42.2个月,中位生存期43.0个月。结论:壶腹部肿瘤患者行LPD治疗围术期无病死情况发生,并发症发生率较低,安全性较好,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术340例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术（LPD）可行性。方法 回顾性分析2017 年 3月至 2019年7月山东大学附属省立医院器官移植肝胆外二科开展的340例 LPD 病人临床资料。结果 男性234例,女性106例。平均年龄（59.0±12.4）岁,平均手术时间（230.5±24.6）min,胆肠吻合时间平均（13.5±2.6）min,胰肠吻合时间平均（15.2±3.5）min,胃空肠吻合时间平均（12.2±2.3）min,术中出血量平均（275.4±53.2）mL,术后住院时间平均（11.2±4.5）d。术后发生胰瘘60例（17.65%）,胆瘘32例（9.41%）,胃瘫53例（15.59%）,大出血22例（6.47%）,围手术期死亡5例（1.47%）。结论 对于有丰富开放胰十二指肠切除手术经验及一定腹腔镜手术操作经验的中心,LPD 是一种安全、可行的手术方式。     

腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术治疗十二指肠乳头癌1例报告

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术是风险极大的外科手术,主要原因有以下几个方面：①肠系膜下血管的探查、显露、分离在手术中有大出血风险;②施行对十二指肠、胆囊、胆总管、部分胃、胰腺及空肠多脏器的联合切除术;③重建胃肠、胰肠及胆肠通道,手术时间长,创面大,术中、术后有诸多并发症发生可能;④最大问题在于腹腔镜是在二维空间下进行的手术操作,缺少手的触摸与辅助,与开腹手术相比大大增加手术操作的难度与时间。因此,腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术一直争议较多,国内外只有少数病例报告。2008年3月我院成功对1例十二指肠乳头状癌施行了腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术,现报道如下。     

电视腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术5例报告

目的探讨电视腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的可行性,手术难点及手术适应证. 方法分析我院2002年11月22日～2005年4月28日电视腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术5例的临床资料.分析术前诊断、手术主要方法、步骤、术中出血量、手术时间、术中难点及对策,术后恢复情况及有关指标包括:体温、引流量、血常规、肝功能、胰淀粉的酶变化及术后并发症,肠道功能恢复情况,住院时间等. 结果 5例手术均成功,手术时间360～660 min,平均528 min.术中出血150～2 000 ml,平均770 ml.病理类型:十二指肠乳头高分化腺癌3例,胰头内分泌小细胞癌1例,十二指肠乳头腺瘤样增生恶变,肝胆管中上段中分化腺癌1例.术后例1出现小量胰漏;例2出现消化道应激性溃疡出血,均经对症处理治愈;例4术后出现复发性胰腺炎合并肺部感染,术后39 d出现应激性溃疡消化道出血再次手术死亡,术后体温例4胰腺炎复发后体温高达39.5℃,其余4例最高体温＜38 ℃,术后引流量除例4外其余4 例最多者术后第一天800 ml,逐渐减少至100 ml,持续5 d.全部病例术后3 d左右均恢复肠鸣,1周恢复进食. 结论腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术是目前腔镜外科最复杂的高风险手术,需要有丰富的传统胰十二指肠切除的临床经验,熟练的腔镜外科操作技术,配合默契的手术团队,先进的腔镜设备,严格的手术适应证,在具备条件的医院及医生中进行该手术是安全、可行的.目前可选择适当的病例进行临床探讨.     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术12例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的价值。方法：回顾分析2005年5月至2008年7月为12例患者施行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的临床资料。结果：5例完全腹腔镜下操作,4例行手助腹腔镜手术,3例中转开腹。手术时间5~10h,平均6.5h。术中出血200~800ml,平均435ml。术后第1天腹腔引流量30~120ml,平均65ml,术后1~4d排气,平均2d。1例术后第6天出现胆漏,引流量最多40ml/d,术后14d拔除引流管。住院11~21d,平均15d。术后随访3~36个月,2例胰头癌患者分别存活16个月和22个月,1例胆总管下段癌患者术后15个月发现肝脏和腹膜后淋巴结转移,其余9例无并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术具有一定的微创优势,安全可行。     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除治疗十二指肠乳头癌一例报告

十二指肠切除是治疗胰头、十二指肠、胆管下端恶性肿瘤的经典术式，由于解剖复杂，要切除十二指肠、胆囊、胆总管、部分胃、胰腺及空肠，还要重建胃肠、胰肠及胆肠通道，手术时间长，创面大，术后病人恢复困难，常有诸多并发症发生。可否利用电视腹腔镜完成这一手术，以期达到减少创伤的效果?     

肝胰十二指肠切除术治疗肝门部胆管癌:附11例

目的 总结肝胰十二指肠切除术(HPD)治疗肝门部胆管癌的经验.方法 回顾性分析2000年6月至2008年1月11例HPD治疗肝门部胆管癌的临床资料.结果 全组11例肝门部胆管癌按Bismush-corline分型,Ⅲ型8例,Ⅳ型3例.肝方叶切除+胰十二指肠切除术2例,肝尾叶切除+胰十二指肠切除术5例.右半肝+尾状叶+门静脉部分切除重建+胰十二指肠切除术1例,左半肝+胰十二指肠切除术3例,无死亡.胆漏3例,胰漏1例,肺部感染2例,肝功能衰竭1例,随访8例,最长者63个月.结论 对肝门部胆管癌累及胰十二指肠区域者,HPD可提高其生存质量,是安全可行的.     

腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查在胆管结石中的应用

目的 :总结腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查取石术的临床应用经验 ,探讨其手术方法 ,术中注意事项及临床应用的优缺点。方法 :腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石 ,T管引流或一期缝合。结果 :2 3例胆总管结石手术2 1例成功 ,2例中转开腹。结论 :腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术应掌握适应证 ,才能使创伤减小 ,康复快且安全。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胆总管末端嵌顿性结石17例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜处理胆总管末端嵌顿结石的最佳方式.方法:回顾分析2008年1月至2010年12月行腹腔镜胆囊切除术+腹腔镜胆总管探查术术中发现并处理的17例胆总管末端嵌顿结石患者的临床资料.结果:本组2例胆道镜下见结石嵌顿于乳头,且结石较小,胆道镜直视下用纤维胆道镜前端将结石轻轻推入十二指肠;6例结石较大,嵌顿于胆总管...     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开治疗胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开治疗胆总管并发结石的可行性。方法对187例患者,术中应用CB30L超细胆道镜确诊183例,胆道造影确诊4例,均再经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开胆总管侧壁,应用P20胆道镜实施胆管探查取石术。结果经汇合处切开胆总管侧壁成功取出结石179例（95.7%）,改行切开胆总管前壁取石8例（4.3%）。一期直接缝合85例,其中胆漏11例,均一周内愈合。放置胆囊管导管74例,胆漏6例,3-5d停止。放置T形管20例,胆漏2例,3d停止。改行前壁取石的患者成功5例,中转开腹3例。术后残留结石3例,经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石2例,经T形管窦道取石1例。随访185例患者,时间3个月-3年,未见胆管狭窄。结论采用经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开入路治疗胆总管并发结石,创伤小,恢复快。     

胆囊管-胆总管骑跨结石的腹腔镜胆囊切除术19例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜手术处理胆囊管-胆总管骑跨结石的技巧. 方法回顾分析2001年1月～2003年6月19例胆囊管-总胆管骑跨结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料. 结果 19例腹腔镜下切开胆囊壶腹部和(或)胆囊管,完成LC.结石直径0.4～0.6 cm,平均0.5 cm.术后48 h拔引流管,3～5 d出院.19例随访2～24个月,平均10个月,无残余结石. 结论术中充分显露胆囊管汇入胆总管处,切开胆囊管将结石推挤出胆囊管是腹腔镜下治疗骑跨于胆囊管总胆管间结石的最佳方法,也是预防术后残余结石的最有效手段.     

Laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct: A solution to difficult choledocholithiasis

Objective: To evaluate the role of laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct (LECBD) in the management of common bile duct stone, particularly for patients with failed endoscopic extraction and patients younger than 60 years old. Method: Prospective data of laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct during 1995–1999 were analysed. Results: During 1995–1999, 27 laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct (LECBD) were performed in patients with concomitant gallstone and common bile duct stone, in which half of these LECBD were performed after unsuccessful endoscopic retrieval (13 patients). LECBD was also indicated in patients younger than 60 years old (14 patients) because there was a concern about the potential long‐term complications of papillotomy‐like papillary stenosis and ascending cholangitis. One transcystic duct exploration and 26 choledochotomies were performed. Mean operating time was 138.7 min (70–300 min) and additional procedures included 19 laparoscopic ultrasounds (LUS), three laparoscopic intraoperative cholangiograms (LIOC) and two laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomies. Stone clearance rate was 96% with only one exception. Complications were encountered in nine patients (33%) and one patient died of sepsis subsequent to major bile leak (3.7%). Complications included bile leak/stent migration/collection (4), wound infection (3), minor wound bleeding (1) and self‐limiting postoperative intestinal obstruction (1). Conclusion: LECBD has a high success rate of ductal clearance in patients with ‘difficult common bile duct stones’ despite unsuccessful attempts at endoscopic extraction.     

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the distal bile duct: A case report

IntroductionMixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) of the distal bile duct are extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the English literature.Presentation of caseAn 82-year-old man was referred to our hospital for increasing biliary enzymes. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed enlargement of the intrahepatic bile ducts and stenosis of the distal bile duct. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed stenosis of the distal bile duct and a high-density signal at the same site on diffusion weighted imaging. PET-CT showed increased FDG accumulation (SUVmax: 4.5) at the distal bile duct stenosis. Biopsy specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration revealed adenocarcinoma. The patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the distal bile duct and underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymph node dissection. The resected distal bile duct tumor was 18 × 14 × 12 mm in diameter. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a composite carcinoma with adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma elements. The non-adenocarcinoma component stained positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A. The Ki-67 labeling index was 37%. The non-adenocarcinoma component was therefore diagnosed as a neuroendocrine carcinoma. The two composite carcinoma was diagnosed as MANEC of the distal bile duct. The patient was treated with surgery alone and he remained disease-free for 7 months after the surgery.DiscussionThe treatment of MANECs of the bile duct remains controversial and the prognosis is poor.ConclusionsThere is no standard treatment for MANECs of the bile duct. Larger studies are required to establish standard treatment regimens.     

Laparoscopic transcystic bile duct stenting in the management of common bile duct stones

Background : The management of patients with common bile duct stones associated with stones in the gall bladder remains controversial. Methods : Over the three‐year period from 1996 to 1999, patients with cholelithiasis and known choledocholithiasis, or choledocholithiasis found at laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were initially treated by placing a stent across the sphincter of Oddi. The stent was pushed along a guide wire through the cystic duct and then down the common bile duct, before the cystic duct was closed. Subsequently, the stent was used to facilitate performance of a needle knife endoscopic sphincterotomy. The stent was then removed, a cholangiography was performed and the common bile duct was cleared. Patients with persistent jaundice usually had a preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangio‐pancreatography. Results : Transcystic stenting was the ‘intention‐to‐treat’ basis of therapy for 56 of the patients. The placement of the stent only failed once when the stent became trapped in the cystic duct. Complications of the operation included: pain and jaundice (n = 2), cholangitis (n = 1), and pulmonary embolus (n = 1). The median postoperative hospitalization was 2 days (range: 1–15). Five further patients had common bile duct stones removed via a choledochotomy; a stent was placed through the choledochotomy before its closure. The selective common bile duct cannulation rate at the first endoscopic retrograde cholangio‐pancreatography, was 98%. A second endoscopic retrograde cholangio‐pancreatography was required in 15% of patients. The only complication of all the endoscopic procedures was a single case of mild cholangitis; there were no cases of pancreatitis. Conclusion : A treatment option open to all surgeons for non‐jaundiced patients with known choledocholithiasis or choledocholithiasis found at operative cholangiogram, is the transcystic stenting of the sphincter of Oddi at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. At a subsequent sitting, the common bile duct can be safely cleared endoscopically using a sphincterotomy facilitated by the stent.     

Laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct in difficult choledocholithiasis

Background This review investigated the role played by laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct (LECBD) in the management of difficult choledocholithiasis.Methods This retrospective study reviewed a prospective database of LECBD for difficult choledocholithiasis during the period 1995 to 2003.Results Of the 97 LECBDs performed in the authors center from 1995 to 2003, 25 were performed for difficult choledocholithiasis. Difficult choledocholithiasis was defined as failure of endoscopic stone retrieval for the following reasons: access and cannulation difficulty, the difficult nature of common bile duct (CBD) stones, and the presence of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related complications. There were seven unsuccessful cannulations because of previous gastrectomy (n = 5) and periampullary diverticulum (n = 2). Among the 18 patients with failed endoscopic extraction, there were 10 impacted stones, 2 incomplete stone clearances after multiple attempts, 2 type 2 Mirizzi syndromes, 1 proximal stent migration, 1 repeated post-ERCP pancreatitis, 1 situs inversus, and 1 stricture at the distal common bile duct. There were 14 male and 11 female patients with a mean age of 67.8 ± 15 years. Initial presentations included cholangitis (n = 14, 56%), biliary colic (n = 3, 12%), jaundice/deranged liver function (n = 5, 20%), cholecystitis (n = 2, 8%), and pancreatitis (n = 1, 4%). Regarding the approach for LECBD, there were 2 transcystic duct explorations and 23 choledochotomies. The mean operative time was 149.4 ± 49.3 min, and there were three conversions (12%). The stone clearance rate was 100%, and no recurrence was detected during a mean follow-up period of 16.8 months. Five complications were encountered, which included bile leak (3 patients) and wound infection (2 patients). When the results were compared with the remaining 72 LECBDs for nondifficult stones during the same period, the complication rate, conversion rate, and rate of residual stones were similar despite a longer operation time (149.4 ± 49.4 min vs 121.6 ± 50.5 min).Conclusion When ERCP is impossible or stone retrieval is incomplete, LECBD is the solution to difficult CBD stones.     

不同缝合方式在腹腔镜胆总管探查术一期缝合中的应用

目的比较不同缝合方式在腹腔镜胆总管探查术一期缝合中应用的临床疗效。方法我院2008年7月~2014年6月外科收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者105例。均实施腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管探查+胆总管一期缝合术,分为两组,可吸收线连续锁扣缝合组51例,Quill免打结缝合线组54例。结果两组患者在术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),手术中出血量、住院总费用、术后并发症发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均随访6~24个月,随访期内均未发现胆管狭窄及胆管炎?残余结石等情况。结论在具备丰富的腹腔镜操作技术的基础上,胆总管一期缝合是安全的,疗效确切。使用Quill免打结缝合线具有手术时间短,操作更加简便等优点。     

Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

Background: Herein I describe my >12-year experience with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods: From 21 September 1989 through 31 December 2001, 3,580 patients presented with symptomatic biliary tract disease. Laparoscopic cholecystecomy (LC) was attempted in 3,544 of them (99.1%) and completed in 3,527 (99.5%). Laparoscopic cholangiograms (IOC) were performed in 3,417 patients (96.4%); in 344 cases (9.7%), the IOC was abnormal. Forty-nine patients (1.4%) underwent preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and 33 patients (0.9%) underwent postoperative ERCP. LCBDE was attempted in 326 cases and completed in 321 (98.5%). It was successful in clearing the duct in 317 of the 344 patients with abnormal cholangiograms (92.2%). Results: The mean operating time for all patients undergoing LC with or without cholangiograms or LCBDE or other additional surgery was 56.9 min. Mean length of stay was 22.1 h. The mean operating time for LC only patients (n = 2530)—that is, those not undergoing LCBDE or any other additional procedure—was 47.6 min; their mean postoperative length of stay was 17.2 h. Ductal exploration was performed via the cystic duct in 269 patients, (82.5%) and through a choledochotomy in 57 patients (17.5%). T-tubes were used in patients in whom there was concern for possible retained debris or stones, distal spasm, pancreatitis, or general poor tissue quality secondary to malnutrition or infection. In cases where choledochotomy was used, a T-tube was placed in 38 patients (67%), and primary closure without a T-tube was done in 19 (33%). There were no complications in the group of patients who underwent choledochotomy and primary ductal closure without T-tube placement or in the group in whom T-tubes were placed. Conclusions: Common bile duct (CBD) stones still occur in 10% of patients. These stones are identified by IOC. IOC can be performed in >96.4% of cases of LC. LCBDE was successful in clearing these stones in 97.2% of patients in whom it was attempted and in 92.2% of all patients with normal IOCs. Most LCBDEs in this series were performed via the cystic duct because of the stone characteristics and ductal anatomy. Selective laparoscopic placement of T-tubes in patients requiring choledochotomy (67%) appears to be a safe and effective alternative to routine T-tube drainage of the ductal system. ERCP, which was required for 5.8% of patients with abnormal cholangiograms, and open CBDE, which was used in 2.0%, still play an important role in the management of common bile duct pathology. The role of ERCP, with or without sphincterotomy, has returned to its status in the prelaparoscopic era. LCBDE may be employed successfully in the vast majority of patients harboring CBD stones.