结缔组织对运动训练适应性反应的实验研究

本实验通过生物力学方法对大强度训练动物模型的胫骨、跟腱、屈趾肌腱和膝内侧副韧带的生物力学特性进行了测试，发现大强度训练一段时间后，上述组织的生物力学性质均有不同程度的增强。结果表明结缔组织对大强度的运动锻炼仍表现出较大的适应性反应，通过自身强度的增加以适应大强度运动的需要。     

组织工程滑膜化肌健移植的实验研究

目的：观察用组织工程学方法形成的滑膜化肌鞘内移植后的形态变化。方法：在30只兔后肢的第2践腱鞘内移植入滑膜化肌腱段替代趾深屈肌腱。在不同时相点观察移植肌腱的愈合状况，粘连程度及屈趾功能。结果：滑膜化肌腱与受体肌腱之间形成了牢固的纤维性结合，粘连轻。结论：用组织工程学方法构建的滑膜化肌腱可以作为一种新的肌腱移植材料。     

第三趾屈肌腱及趾背腱膜的断面解剖

目的：为解剖学及断趾再植提供第三趾断面解剖学资料。方法：经组织学处理切片，在显微镜下进行观测。结果：根据屈肌腱和趾背腱膜的形态，各分为8种和4种类型。屈肌腱的平均厚度在1．90mm左右，趾背腱膜I、Ⅱ断面分别为0．86m和0．54m。结论：屈肌腱和趾背腱膜的面积由近到远逐步变小。     

第二趾屈肌腱和趾背腱膜的断面观测

目的：为拇指再造及断趾再植供依据。方法：经组织学处理，在近测、远侧横纹及二霁中点处切片，在显微镜下观测。结果：根据屈肌腱和趾背腱膜的断面形态，分别分为８型和３型。屈肌腱截面面积的平均值从Ⅰ到Ⅲ断面依次为８．１７mm＾２、８．５９mm＾２、５．５９mm＾２。趾背腱膜厚度的平均值分别为０．９２mm、０．８６mm、０．６５mm。结论：拇指再造手术中，应注意不同断面屈肌腱及趾背腱膜形态及厚度的变化。     

疲劳性骨膜炎对兔胫骨重建的影响

目的 研究疲劳性骨膜炎对骨重建的影响。方法 通过大强度运动训练建立免胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎模型，采用组织学、放射学和胫骨横截面几何形态学方法测量骨的横截面积。结果 大强度运动训练引起胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎后胫骨的横截面积明显加大。结论 运动训练引起胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎可能是骨组织对大强度运动训练的一种适应性重建，横截面积加大增强骨的力学特性来达到功能适应的目的。     

副长屈肌1例

在解剖教学过程中，于一男性成人标本上，发现罕见的副长屈肌１例，现报道如下。副长屈肌紧贴于长屈肌下部的后外方，距内踝８ｃｍ处起始于胫后血管神经束外侧筋膜及小腿深筋膜，肌腹长５．５ｃｍ，宽１．５ｃｍ，厚０．３ｃｍ，肌腱长１１ｃｍ。肌腹向下位于胫后血管神经束深面移行为细长的肌腱通过屈肌支持带深面的踝管至足底，沿长屈肌腱外侧共同向前，经趾长屈肌腱深面，并与其交叉，但无腱束合并。副长屈肌的肌腱继续沿足底向前，腱束与收肌斜头肌腱合并，共同止于趾第一节趾骨底。此外、趾长屈肌腱五条，经内踝后方和分…     

恒力法测量制动对兔髌韧带截面面积的影响

本文介绍了一种测量软组织截面面积的装置和方法。通过对兔髌韧带的反复测量,结果显示其变异系数在0．9％以下。用此测微仪对膝关节制动前后兔髌韧带截面面积的测量发现：制动6周后髌韧带的截面面积明显增大。作者认为这种变化与组织的胶原代谢水平相关。     

肌腱离断对不同功能运动神经元群CGRP表达的影响

肌腱离断对不同功能运动神经元群ＣＧＲＰ表达的影响石葛明谭会兵万选才陈幽婷刘克曹承刚（河北医科大学解剖学室中国协和医科大学解剖学神经生物学室）利用特定标认运动神经元（Ｍｎ）复合免疫细胞化学方法，本文对肌腱离断后的趾长伸肌（快肌）运动神经元（ＥＤＬ－Ｍｎ...     

关于长屈肌腱与趾长屈肌腱的观察

对新鲜成人足61只(左38只右23只)用剥离法自内踝上5.0cm前内侧到足底直至足趾末端,逐层剥离,剖开踝管,显露胫骨后肌腱,趾长屈肌腱,胫后静脉,胫后动脉,胫神经及(足母)长屈肌腱。然后剥去跖腱膜,趾短屈肌,(足母)长展肌,小趾展肌及结缔组织等。结果如下:1.单支型:在足底内侧(足母)长屈肌腱与趾长屈肌腱交叉后,于第一楔骨近端中部,(足母)长屈肌腱发出一束与本身几乎等粗的肌纤维来,由此向前外方向斜行,在第一、二楔骨之间中部,与尚未分支的趾长屈肌膜会合,参与趾长屈肌腱的组成,分布到各趾去。本型计18例,占29.5%。2.双支型:     

肘关节副韧带复合体

肘关节副韧带复合体包括尺侧韧带复合体（ＭＣＬＣ）和桡侧韧带复合体（ＬＣＬＣ）,它们是维持肘关节稳定的重要结构,Ｏ’Ｄｒｉｓｃｏｌｌ［１］认为,维持肱尺关节的稳定须具备三个条件：完整的关节面,完整的ＭＣＬＣ前束和ＬＣＬＣ的尺副韧带。ＭＣＬＣ损伤将导致肘关节外翻不稳定,ＬＣＬＣ损伤则引起肘关节后外侧旋转不稳定。本文将从解剖、生物力学和临床等几个方面综述其研究进展。１　肘关节副韧带复合体的解剖ＭＣＬＣ是由前束、后束和斜束组成的。一般认为,尺侧副韧带的前束起始于肱骨内上髁之前,止于喙突内缘,后束起始于内…     

正常足部软组织的MRI解剖研究

目的研究正常足部的MRI解剖及MRI对足部软组织结构的显示能力，为足部软组织损伤的MRI诊断提供断层解剖学依据。方法选择40例正常足部MRI图像资料，参考足部断层解剖文献，确定各肌肉、肌腱、韧带以及软骨的MRI解剖表现。结果所有肌肉、肌腱在各MRI序列都能清楚分辨。跗部韧带大多能确切辨认。跗部少量短而薄的韧带及跖、趾部大多数韧带难以辨认。结论MRI是目前显示足部软组织活体断面解剖最好的手段，但对于细小结构的满意显示尚有待于技术和方法的改进。     

Chordoid sarcoma of the soft tissue of the nape of the neck: A case with a 20 year follow-up

Summary A huge tumor mass arising from the soft tissue of the nape of the neck, which histologically resembled chordoma is reported. This case had a history of over 30 years after onset at around 37 years of age. With frequent recurrence and re-excision after en bloc radical resection, performed at 47 years of age, this female patient expired at the age of 66, 20 years after the first radical operation.At operation, the mass was found to be firmly attached to the dorsal soft tissue. There was no connection with any bony structure, such as the cervical vertebrae or skull. Chordoma-like histological features were unchanged throughout the next 20 years. This unusual malignant neoplasm appears to correspond to the chordoid tumor or chordoid sarcoma of soft tissue, a term coined by F.W. Stewart in 1948. Alternatively the name chondroid chordoma used by Heffelfinger, Dahlin and others may be employed.     

外鼻软组织厚度的测量及其临床意义

目的为隆鼻术提供国人的外鼻软组织厚度的解剖学资料.方法20具经常规防腐处理的成年尸体标本,将外鼻分为眉间点、鼻根点、鼻背点、鼻尖上点、鼻尖点、鼻尖下点,鼻小柱前点和鼻翼顶点,进行各点外鼻软组织厚度测量.同时测量鼻翼软骨外脚距鼻翼缘的距离,鼻中隔软骨前端距鼻尖点和鼻中隔软骨下缘距鼻下点的距离.结果眉间点软组织厚度(4.42±0.86)mm,鼻根点(4.42±0.99)mm,鼻背点(2.67±0.87)mm,鼻尖上点(4.60±0.98)mm,鼻尖点(4.03±1.56)mm,鼻尖下点(2.67±0.62)mm,鼻小柱前点(2.41±0.57)mm,鼻翼软骨外脚距鼻翼缘的距离,高点(3.14±0.51)mm,中点(4.79±2.33)mm,下点(11.92±2.68)mm.鼻中隔软骨前端距离皮肤表面(4.94±2.50)mm,鼻中隔软骨距鼻下点距离(7.59±2.18)mm.鼻中线各点软组织厚度存在明显差异,其中以鼻背点和鼻尖下点为最薄,鼻尖点较厚,但个体变异大.结论了解外鼻被覆软组织的分布不均,有利于改善隆鼻手术的效果和避免手术并发症.     

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy in the soft tissue of the forearm: report of a case

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is rare. Only 3 cases have been reported in the soft tissue of the extremities up to date. It has a typically biphasic feature in morphology. Epithelial and melanotic markers are positive in the epitheliod cells and neuron-specific enolase or synaptophysin is positive in the small blue round cells in immunohistochemistry. Radical resection and close follow-up is the treatment strategy in general situation. Here we report one case of MNTI in the upper extremity with review of the literature. This is the first case of MNTI in the forearm.     

软组织网状神经束膜瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨软组织网状神经束膜瘤的临床病理特点和鉴别诊断。方法 对1例网状神经束膜瘤进行光镜、免疫组化和电镜观察。结果 肿瘤位于左尺骨远端软组织。长而纤细的肿瘤细胞突起网状、格子样、吻合状生长，排列于黏液水肿性、纤维性和胶原化的背景中，细胞纺锤状，胞质弱嗜酸性，核星形，无核分裂象。免疫表型：肿瘤细胞EMA和Vim阳性。电镜：肿瘤细胞可见长形的纤细的胞质突起，突起上有较多的吞饮小泡。结论网状神经束膜瘤是软组织神经束膜瘤的富有特征性的亚型，预后良好，诊断主要依靠常规病理、免疫组化和超微结构的综合观察。     

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour of soft parts,with focus on unusual clinicopathological features

AIMS: Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour is a rare lesion that generally occurs in the soft tissues of proximal limbs/girdle, or head and neck. Histologically, it usually consists of bland, mitotically inactive, S100+ cells in a fibromyxoid matrix with a characteristic peripheral ossification. However, we present two cases that deviated from this pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One tumour, which was removed from the axilla of a 55-year-old female, was unusual in its large size (120 mm in diameter) and in its restriction of bone formation to its central zones. The other tumour, which occurred in a 62-year-old female, was remarkable in its acral location on the hand and high mitotic activity (four mitoses per high-power field). These features caused concern and follow-up of the patients was recommended. So far there have been no recurrences (25 and 18 months after surgery, respectively). An additional previously undescribed feature was the presence of fibronexus-like structures by electron microscopy in the second case. However, a myofibroblastic phenotype was not supported by the immunohistochemical findings. CONCLUSION: Though a distinct entity, ossifying fibromyxoid tumour may exhibit a wider clinicopathological spectrum than generally recognized.     

Application of markers in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours

In this review we describe the application of markers which are useful for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours in paraffin sections. Detection of intermediate filament proteins appears to be most useful for first screening of these neoplasms because all, except neuroblastomas, express vimentin; cytokeratin is expressed in synovial sarcomas, epithelioid sarcomas and mesotheliomas; desmin in myogenic tumours and glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytomas and gliomas. Tissue-specific markers are: factor VIII--related antigen-endothelial cells; myoglobulin and skeletal muscle myosin--skeletal muscle cells; neuron specific enolase--neurons and cells of the APUD systems; and leukocyte-associated antigen--leukocytes. Markers which are present in a variety of cell types and therefore do not serve as tissue-specific markers are; S-100 proteins, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, creatine kinase M and actin. The S-100 antigens have been detected in melanomas, granular cell tumours, chondrosarcomas and in some schwannomas and liposarcomas. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin has been found in fibrohistiocytic and 'true' histiocytic tumours and creatine kinase M and actin in myogenic tumours. No specific markers have, as yet, been described for fibrosarcomas, Ewing's sarcomas and hemangiopericytomas.     

Fine-needle aspiration of cutaneous malakoplakia

A 99-yr-old Chinese woman with cutaneous malakoplakia and concomitant urinary tract infection was reported. The patient presented with an ulcerated right lower quadrant mass and computerized tomography showed that it was limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissue with no extension to the pelvic or abdominal structures. The patient also suffered from urinary tract infection and was treated with oral norfloxacin. The ulcerated subcutaneous mass disappeared on follow-up visit 6 months after presentation. The cytologic (fine-needle aspiration), histologic (trucut biopsy) and ultrastructural features of cutaneous malakoplakia were described. The possible usefulness of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of this condition was discussed.