The association between cheese consumption and cardiovascular risk factors among adults

Background Although current dietary guidelines recommend limiting foods high in fat and saturated fat, such as high‐fat dairy, the effect of cheese consumption on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors is largely unknown. Methods Participants from a US population‐based survey, NHANES III, aged 25–75 years who completed a food frequency questionnaire and had measures of body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were included (n = 10 872). Linear regression was used to compare anthropometrics, blood lipids, blood pressure and blood glucose across categories of cheese consumption (combined full and low‐fat). Results In women, more frequent cheese consumption was associated with higher HDL‐C and lower LDL‐C (p for trend, < 0.05). However, in men, more frequent cheese consumption was associated with a higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL‐C and LDL‐C, and diastolic blood pressure (p for trend, < 0.05). Men consuming 30 + servings/month had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure compared to nonconsumers (P < 0.05). Conclusions More frequent cheese consumption was associated with less favourable body composition and cardiovascular risk profile in men, but with a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile in women. However, the type of cheese consumed by men and women may have differed resulting in opposing trends on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors.     

银川市儿童青少年脂质蓄积指数、体质指数与心血管危险因素的关系

目的 分析儿童青少年脂质蓄积指数(children lipid accumulation product,CLAP)和体质指数与心血管危险因素的关系.方法 采用现况研究设计,以方便抽样的方法于2017年9月-2019年9月共抽取银川市936名12～18岁儿童青少年为研究对象,年龄为(14.82±2.08)岁,其中男生5...     

体质指数与皮褶厚度测量体脂含量准确度

目的了解身体质量指数法、皮褶厚度测量法和体成分仪判断人体肥胖的准确程度。方法将312名大学生分别测量体质指数、皮褶厚度,并计算肥胖程度,把计算结果和体成分仪判断结果相比较,从而了解身体质量指数法和皮褶厚度测量法对身体肥胖程度判断的准确程度。结果 3种方法对普通人群肥胖程度的判断基本一致,但均有部分差异。结论和体成分仪相比,体质指数法不如皮褶厚度法准确,适用范围较小。     

上海市杨浦区居民中心型肥胖与心血管疾病危险因素及聚集性的关系

【目的】探讨上海市杨浦区居民中心型肥胖与心血管疾病危险因素及聚集性的关系,为制定心血管疾病预防控制措施和策略提供科学依据。【方法】以社区为单位,对35~75岁居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和血生化检测,对其中资料完整的11321人进行数据分析。【结果】杨浦区居民中心型肥胖率为60.50%,标化率为56.09%。不同腰围人群的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。随着腰围的增加,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常及心血管病危险因素聚集比例均呈上升趋势(均P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,轻度、重度中心型肥胖组发生高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和危险因素聚集的风险是正常组的1.78(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.63~1.94)和3.36倍(OR=3.36,95%CI:3.00~3.75)、1.67(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.49~1.88)和2.67倍(OR=2.67,95%CI:2.34~3.03)、1.68(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.54~1.82)和2.20倍(OR=2.20,95%CI:1.97~2.44)、2.04(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.86~2.24)和3.62倍(OR=3.62,95%CI:3.23~4.04)。【结论】上海市杨浦区居民中心型肥胖患病率高,肥胖程度与心血管疾病危险因素及其聚集风险有关,应当及时采取控制肥胖的干预措施。     

Soy intake is related to a lower body mass index in adult women

BACKGROUND: Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that soy may promote weight loss. AIM OF THE STUDY: The goal of this study was to examine the relation of soy intake with body weight over the lifespan of women with Caucasian, Japanese, and Native Hawaiian ancestry. METHODS: We assessed the relation between lifetime soy consumption and body mass index (BMI) among 1,418 women in Hawaii. All subjects reported anthropometric measures, regular diet, and soy intake throughout life. The lifetime soy questionnaire was completed again by a subset of 356 women 5 years after study entry and the kappa values indicated moderate agreement. We regressed soy intake on BMI at study entry and at age 21 while controlling for confounding variables, computed least square means, and performed trend tests. RESULTS: Higher soy consumption in adulthood was related to a lower BMI (P=0.02). This association was only significant for Caucasian women and for postmenopausal subjects. The women in the highest category also experienced a smaller annual weight change since age 21 (by 0.05 kg/year) than the low soy intake group (P=0.02). We observed no association between early life soy intake and BMI. High vegetable consumption was significantly associated with a higher soy intake among Caucasian women. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, women consuming more soy during adulthood had a lower BMI, but the relation was primarily observed for Caucasian and postmenopausal subjects. This indicates that the association may be due to other nutritional factors and behaviors common in women with high soy intake.     

Body mass index and mortality in asian populations: implications for obesity cut-points

Investigators have questioned whether body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) cut-points for obesity used in the United States and Europe are appropriate for Asian countries. A recent study examined the association between BMI and mortality in a population-based cohort of Japanese men and women. These and other results did not indicate a need for lower cut-points in Asians.     

健康体检1084例踝臂指数与心血管危险因素关系的分析

目的了解踝臂指数（ABI）与心血管疾病各相关因素之间的关系。方法对1084例门诊体检人群,检测空腹血糖、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、体重指数、收缩压、舒张压,并计算不同性别、不同ABI分组条件下各组的患病率。结果男性和女性在不同ABI组中的分布不相同（x^2=52．130,P〈0．05）。按ABI分组,心血管各危险因素中年龄、体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油及空腹血糖在三组中比较,差异有统计学意义（F值分别为28．268、24．826、192．950、88．213、7．602、14．802、199．216,P〈0．05）。其中年龄、血压及空腹血糖随着ABI的减低而逐渐增加。随着ABI分级的增加,同时并存多个危险因素的例数逐渐增加。结论ABI是预测心血管疾病的重要因子,有利于心血管疾病的发现和监控。     

Associations between overweight and obesity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and fatty liver in young offenders serving community orders

Abstract

The health of young offenders supervised in the community has not been studied previously. This paper describes the prevalence of overweight, obesity and obesity-associated cardiovascular and hepatic risk factors in a sample of young offenders supervised in the community in New South Wales, Australia. During 2003–05, 800 (85% male) young offenders took part in a comprehensive health survey that included direct measurement of height and weight as well as blood sampling. The prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was 33.7% in boys and 35.3% in girls; both rates were higher than those of a comparable community sample. Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence was extremely high compared with other published studies, with over 40% of boys and over 20% of girls having low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and over 10% of both boys and girls having elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Risk factors for fatty liver disease were also prevalent, with almost 15% of boys, and 30% of girls having raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT), suggesting hepatic cell injury. Cardiovascular and fatty liver disease risk factors were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among boys but not girls in this sample. Young people of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander decent were at no greater risk than the rest of the population. Young offenders are among the most disadvantaged people in Australian society and are particularly vulnerable to a range of health problems. The high prevalence of risk factors represents a substantial health burden for these young people in early adulthood. Timely intervention is required to address the complex health needs of this under-served population.     

中国成人腰围、体质指数与高血压关系

目的 采用腰围(WC)、体质指数(BMI)综合评价中国18～69岁成年人中心性肥胖者高血压患病风险。方法 利用2004年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测样本人数,采用多级抽样方法抽取18～69岁成年人30686人,采用问卷调查和人体测量方法收集数据,比较各BMI组别中心性肥胖者高血压患病的OR值。结果 体质指数正常、超重和肥胖组中,男性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为26.1%,32.0%和49.2%;女性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为22.5%,28.2%和41.5%;除男性肥胖组外,中心性肥胖者高血压患病率均明显高于同组内的正常腰围人数(P<0.01);调整混杂因素(年龄、吸烟状况、饮酒状况和锻炼等)后,与正常腰围人群比较,各BMI组别中男性中心性肥胖者患高血压患病的OR值分别为1.9(95%CI=1.6～2.3),1.6(95%CI=1.3～1.9),1.6(95%CI=0.7～3.7);女性患高血压患病OR值分别为1.5(95%CI=1.3～1.8),1.4(95%CI=1.2～1.6),2.5(95%CI=1.2～5.2)。结论 中心性肥胖者与正常腰围者比较具有更高的高血压患病风险。     

北京城区居民体质指数与慢性病危险因素关系分析

对 1 995～ 1 998年营养与食品安全所老年与临床营养室在北京地区慢性病社区防治研究中积累的1 2 4 6例 2 5～ 74岁居民的部分体检资料进行分析 ,观察不同人群体质指数 (BMI)、腰围 (WC)水平与慢性疾病相关因素 血清总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、甘油三酯 (TG)、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、血糖 (FBG)及与高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病的检出率的关系。结果 :该人群超重及肥胖率男性为 41 7%及1 4 6 % ,女性为 32 0 %及 2 0 4%。超重及肥胖组高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病的检出率明显高于BMI正常组。相关分析结果表明BMI、WC与TC、TG、SBP、DBP呈显著正相关 ;与HDL C、HDL C TC呈显著负相关 ,WC与FBG呈显著正相关。提示为早期预防慢性病 ,应对BMI>2 4的人群给予充分关注     

中国成人体质指数分布状况

根据 1992年第 3次全国营养调查资料 ,选取了 44 485例 2 0～ 6 0岁成人 ,对体质指数 (BMI)的性别、年龄分布进行了分析 ,并采用百分位数法对超重及肥胖的BMI界值进行了探讨。结果表明 ,我国成人BMI呈对数正态分布 ,均数为 2 2 1± 3 0 ,第 5 0、85和 95百分位数分别为 2 1 6、2 4 9和 2 7 4,其中第 85百分位数非常接近WHO推荐的超重界值 ,第 95分位数低于WHO肥胖的界值。BMI分布在年龄、性别、城乡之间都存在较大的差异。因此 ,作者建议在确定界值时应考虑性别、年龄的影响 ,并与发病率和死亡率、体脂含量等相联系     

Serum selenium and precursors of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

The aim of this study was to determine, in a population of Italian adolescents, the association of serum selenium levels with precursors of biochemical and anthropometric variables known as being among the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the adult population. The following measurements were taken in a school sample of 627 adolescents (aged 12–13 years): serum selenium, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, height, weight, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.The serum selenium levels were slightly higher in males (83.1 ± 10.1 g/1) than in females (81.7 ±- 11.0 g/1), but the difference was not statistically significant. Serum selenium was positively correlated with total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and HDL cholesterol in both sexes; moreover it was positively correlated with non-HDL cholesterol and negatively correlated with height in males only.Corresponding author.     

河南省成年居民体质指数的动态变化研究

为观察体质指数的动态变化 ,为卫生研究和政策制订提供依据 ,采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法 ,对抽取的观察户连续观察测量。结果显示 ,从 1989年～ 2 0 0 0年BMI小于 18 5的人数百分比呈下降趋势 ,1989年为 7 3% ,2 0 0 0年为 3 5 %。超重和肥胖的人数百分比呈增加的趋势 ,从 1989年的 10 7%猛增到2 0 0 0年的 2 5 2 % ,平均每年增加 1 5 %百分点。2 0 0 0年超重肥胖百分比高低依次为城市 33 3%、县城 31 7%、郊区 2 4 6 %和农村 2 1 1%。提示超重肥胖率较高 ,增加较快 ,应列为重大公共卫生问题之一 ,认真研究对待     

上海市7岁以下儿童体质指数变化趋势研究

【目的】分析上海市7岁以下儿童体质指数(body mass index,BMI)的变化规律,提供儿童BMI人群参照值。【方法】采用2005年上海市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查所获得的数据,其中城区男童4 737人,女童4 718人,郊区男童4 149人,女童4 108人,分22个年龄组,共计17 712名健康儿童的体重和身(长)高测量值,分别计算出BMI百分位数值并绘制曲线。【结果】7岁以下儿童的BMI存在性别、年龄和城郊间差异,男童比女童高,城区比郊区高。十年间BMI值有增长,在3岁后变化趋势明显,BMI依次增高顺序为1995郊区,2005郊区,1995城区,2005城区。BMI峰值出现在4~6个月。【结论】获得7岁以下儿童BMI人群参照值,为研究儿童超重肥胖的判断标准提供科学依据。     

老年人体重指数与心血管危险因素关系的分析

目的了解老年人群体重指数分布特点及与心血管疾病危险因素的关系。方法对参检的1343例60岁以上的离退休职员，检测收缩压、舒张压、血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇及空腹血糖，并计算不同性别不同体重指数（BMI）各组的患病率。结果受检1343人中BMI不足、正常、超重和肥胖各组检出率分别为6．18％、51．67％、35．52％和6．63％。但老年人不同性别体重指数分布差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。高血压、高血脂及糖尿病患病率分别为46．09％、46．91％和7．45％。男性高血压和高血脂患病率显著高于女性（P〈0．05），高血压、高血脂及糖尿病患病率伴随体重指数增加而升高。与BMI正常组比较，超重肥胖组高血压、高血脂和糖尿病患病率明显升高（P〈0．05）。心血管病危险因素检出率伴随BMI升高而升高。结论BMI升高是老年人群心血管病相关危险因素聚类的重要因素。     

柳州市7 660名成人心血管病危险因素调查

目的了解柳州市人群心血管疾病危险相关因素.方法整群抽样柳州市常住居民10 408例,进行人口学资料调查.7 660人,男性3 894人,女性3 766人,平均年龄(39.5±11.0)岁,进行血压、身高、体重、腰围、空腹血糖、血脂等心血管病危险因素检测和统计分析.结果高血压、空腹血糖受损、糖尿病(DM)、高胆固醇(TC)、高甘油三酯(TG)、超重、肥胖及腰围增大的总检出率分别为16.64%,6.50%,2.51%,20.76%,26.37%,31.44%,7.92%及23.75%.危险因素检出率男性高于女性(P＜0.001).高血压、DM、高TG、高低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的检出率随年龄增长而升高.结论柳州市人群中心血管病危险因素检出率较高,应采取积极综合干预措施减少危险因素,降低其心血管病的发生或发展.     

Underestimation of body mass index through perceived body image as compared to self-reported body mass index in the European Union

An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of the European Union (7155 men and 8077 women) to calculate the underestimation of body weight as assessed by body image among the overweight and obese population and identify the associated factors to this behavior. Participants were older than 15 years and they were living in the 15 European Union countries. Body mass index (BMI) was grouped into 4 categories using the cutpoints established by the WHO, while perceived body image (PBI) was assessed using a nine-silhouettes drawing. The degree of underestimation between PBI as compared to BMI was identified in overweight and obesity categories of BMI. A multivariable logistic regression model for each gender was used to adjust for potentially confounding variables. Men classified themselves worse than women, being more likely to underestimate their body weight (65.2% of men underestimated their weight vs 32.2% women), regardless of other socioeconomic and attitudinal variables. The greatest degree of underestimation was observed in Mediterranean individuals (68.7% of men and 37.9% of women underestimated their weight). The subjects in the 'maintenance' stage of physical activity tended more often to wrongly select their actual image (71.8% for men and 38.7% for women).     

成都市0-3岁儿童体质指数调查研究

【目的】了解体质指数(body mass index,BMI)在婴幼儿期的变化特点,为婴幼儿肥胖的评价提供依据,探讨用BMI筛选0~3岁肥胖儿童的可行性及实用价值。【方法】以0~3岁儿童的身高标准体重为标准筛选肥胖者,再计算各年龄组的BMI值,进行方差分析及两两比较。【结果】BMI值随年龄变化而变化,在6~8月达高峰,,男童为18.1 kg/cm2,女童为17.55 kg/cm2,9月以后逐渐下降,3岁时降至最低点15.7 kg/cm2。男女BMI随年龄变化规律基本一致,但男女童BMI值差异有显著性。【结论】BMI随年龄变化幅度较大,0~3月以18为界值点与身高标准体重评价肥胖符合率较高,4~36月以19为界值点符合率较好。     

Body mass index, dementia, and mortality in the elderly

Objectives: To explore the association between body mass index and mortality in the elderly taking the diagnosis of dementia into account.Design: Cohort study.Setting: cohort study of aging in Medicare recipients in New York City.Participants: 1,452 elderly individuals 65 years and older of both genders.Measurements: We used proportional hazards regression for longitudinal multivariate analyses relating body mass index (BMI) and weight change to all-cause mortality.Results: There were 479 deaths during 9,974 person-years of follow-up. There were 210 cases of prevalent dementia at baseline, and 209 cases of incident dementia during follow-up. Among 1,372 persons with BMI information, the lowest quartile of BMI was associated with a higher mortality risk compared to the second quartile (HR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1,2.0) after adjustment for age, gender, education, ethnic group, smoking, cancer, and dementia. When persons with dementia were excluded, both the lowest (HR = 1.9; 95% CI =1.3,2.6) and highest (HR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1,2.3) quartiles of BMI were related to higher mortality. Weight loss was related to a higher mortality risk (HR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2,1.9) but this association was attenuated when persons with short follow-up or persons with dementia were excluded.Conclusion: The presence of dementia does not explain the association between low BMI and higher mortality in the elderly. However, dementia may explain the association between weight loss and higher mortality.