The association between cheese consumption and cardiovascular risk factors among adults

Background Although current dietary guidelines recommend limiting foods high in fat and saturated fat, such as high‐fat dairy, the effect of cheese consumption on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors is largely unknown. Methods Participants from a US population‐based survey, NHANES III, aged 25–75 years who completed a food frequency questionnaire and had measures of body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were included (n = 10 872). Linear regression was used to compare anthropometrics, blood lipids, blood pressure and blood glucose across categories of cheese consumption (combined full and low‐fat). Results In women, more frequent cheese consumption was associated with higher HDL‐C and lower LDL‐C (p for trend, < 0.05). However, in men, more frequent cheese consumption was associated with a higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL‐C and LDL‐C, and diastolic blood pressure (p for trend, < 0.05). Men consuming 30 + servings/month had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure compared to nonconsumers (P < 0.05). Conclusions More frequent cheese consumption was associated with less favourable body composition and cardiovascular risk profile in men, but with a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile in women. However, the type of cheese consumed by men and women may have differed resulting in opposing trends on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors.     

银川市儿童青少年脂质蓄积指数、体质指数与心血管危险因素的关系

目的 分析儿童青少年脂质蓄积指数(children lipid accumulation product,CLAP)和体质指数与心血管危险因素的关系.方法 采用现况研究设计,以方便抽样的方法于2017年9月-2019年9月共抽取银川市936名12～18岁儿童青少年为研究对象,年龄为(14.82±2.08)岁,其中男生5...     

体质指数与皮褶厚度测量体脂含量准确度

目的了解身体质量指数法、皮褶厚度测量法和体成分仪判断人体肥胖的准确程度。方法将312名大学生分别测量体质指数、皮褶厚度,并计算肥胖程度,把计算结果和体成分仪判断结果相比较,从而了解身体质量指数法和皮褶厚度测量法对身体肥胖程度判断的准确程度。结果 3种方法对普通人群肥胖程度的判断基本一致,但均有部分差异。结论和体成分仪相比,体质指数法不如皮褶厚度法准确,适用范围较小。     

儿童青少年肌肉质量与心血管疾病危险因素的关系

目的 探讨儿童青少年肌肉质量与心血管疾病危险因素的关系,为心血管疾病的早期预防提供理论依据。方法 采用现况研究设计,以整群抽样的方法于2017—2020年抽取宁夏银川市12~17岁儿童青少年共1 622名为研究对象。对所有参与测试者进行问卷调查、体格测量、实验室检查、体成分检查。结果 总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与肌肉质量指数(SMMI)呈负相关(r＝-0.105,-0.094,P<0.001);甘油三酯(TG)与全身肌肉质量(SMM)呈负相关(r＝-0.067,P<0.01)。高SMMI者患高血压、高TC、高TG分别是低SMMI者的0.60(95%CI: 0.37~0.97)、0.54(95%CI: 0.33~0.89)倍和0.53(95%CI: 0.32~0.87)倍(P<0.05);SMMI良好、充足患高脂血症的风险分别是SMMI严重不足的0.32(95%CI:0.15~0.70)、0.23(95%CI: 0.08~0.65)倍(P<0.05)。SMMI良好患血脂异常的风险是SMMI严重不足的0.44(95%CI:0.22~0.89)倍(P<0.05)。结论 儿童青少年肌肉质量与心血管疾病危险因素关系密切,低肌肉质量为高血压、高脂血症的危险因素。     

腰围身高比结合体质指数预测心血管病危险因素效果评价

目的评价腰围身高比(WHtR)结合体质指数(BMI)预测心血管病危险因素的效果, 为心血管病的防治提供参考依据。方法收集辽宁省沈阳市东北大学1 327名职工2010年的体检资料, 将WHtR(非中心性肥胖<0.5、中心性肥胖≥0.5)按BMI(正常体重<24.0 kg/m²、超重24.0~27.9 kg/m²、肥胖≥28.0 kg/m²)分层, 比较不同组别人群高血压、高血糖、血脂异常、代谢综合征(MS)等心血管病危险因素的患病率。结果单独采用BMI指标, BMI<24.0 kg/m²者中有22.8%的中心性肥胖者被漏诊;单独采用WHtR指标, WHtR<0.5者中有15.0%的超重/肥胖者被错误分类;logistic回归分析结果显示, WHtR预测高血压、高血糖、血脂异常和MS的OR值分别为1.63、1.43、1.45和3.27, 均大于BMI预测OR值的1.31、1.19、1.28和1.74;与BMI<24.0 kg/m²且WHtR<0.5的人群比较, BMI<24.0 kg/m²且WHtR≥0.5的人群患高血压、血脂异常和MS的风险分别为1.68、2.08和20.10倍, BMI 24.0~27.9 kg/m²且WHtR<0.5的人群患高血糖和MS的风险分别为2.88和9.25倍, BMI24.0~27.9 kg/m²且WHtR≥0.5的人群患高血压、高血糖、血脂异常和MS的风险分别为2.57、3.09、2.94和61.70倍, BMI≥28.0 kg/m²且WHtR≥0.5的人群患高血压、高血糖、血脂异常和MS的风险分别为5.94、3.33、4.91和183.33倍。结论WHtR与心血管病危险因素的关联强度大于BMI, WHtR结合BMI能够高效识别心血管病高危人群。     

上海市杨浦区居民中心型肥胖与心血管疾病危险因素及聚集性的关系

【目的】探讨上海市杨浦区居民中心型肥胖与心血管疾病危险因素及聚集性的关系,为制定心血管疾病预防控制措施和策略提供科学依据。【方法】以社区为单位,对35~75岁居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和血生化检测,对其中资料完整的11321人进行数据分析。【结果】杨浦区居民中心型肥胖率为60.50%,标化率为56.09%。不同腰围人群的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。随着腰围的增加,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常及心血管病危险因素聚集比例均呈上升趋势(均P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,轻度、重度中心型肥胖组发生高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和危险因素聚集的风险是正常组的1.78(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.63~1.94)和3.36倍(OR=3.36,95%CI:3.00~3.75)、1.67(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.49~1.88)和2.67倍(OR=2.67,95%CI:2.34~3.03)、1.68(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.54~1.82)和2.20倍(OR=2.20,95%CI:1.97~2.44)、2.04(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.86~2.24)和3.62倍(OR=3.62,95%CI:3.23~4.04)。【结论】上海市杨浦区居民中心型肥胖患病率高,肥胖程度与心血管疾病危险因素及其聚集风险有关,应当及时采取控制肥胖的干预措施。     

不同类型肥胖与心血管疾病危险因素关联的比较

目的 比较不同类型肥胖与心血管疾病(CVD)危险因素的关联,为预防和控制心血管疾病提供科学依据.方法 利用"2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查"资料,按照<中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南>中判定肥胖的界值点[体重指数(BMI):24kg/m2和28 kg/m2;腰围:男性85 cm和95 cm,女性80 cm和90 cm]判定肥胖类型,比较不同类型肥胖人群与罹患CVD危险因素的关联;用logistic回归和多元线性回归分析BMI和腰围与CVD危险因素的关系.结果 与体重和腰围均在正常范围的人群(OR=1)相比,正常体重并高腰围Ⅰ(男性85～95 cm,女性80～90 cm)的人群、超重但腰围正常的人群罹患CVD危险因素的风险为1～2倍,超重并高腰围Ⅰ、肥胖但腰围正常的人群为2～3倍,超重并高腰围Ⅱ(男性≥95 cm,女性≥90 cm)、肥胖并高腰围Ⅰ或Ⅱ(男性≥85 cm,女性≥80 cm)的人群为≥3倍;同一腰围组中,随着BMI增加罹患CVD危险因素的风险也呈逐渐增加趋势;BMI和腰围同时解释CVD危险因素变异的1.7%～9.4%,大于BMI或腰围单独解释的比例(1.5%～9.0%);BMI对于收缩压的标化回归系数为0.129,略大于腰围(0.123),腰围对甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆同醇标化回归系数的绝对值大于BMI.结论 BMI和腰围与CVD危险因素独立相关,建议评估疾病危险时同时使用BMI和腰围两项指标.     

超重或单纯性肥胖儿童人体质量指数与心血管疾病风险因子的相关性研究

目的探讨超重或单纯性肥胖儿童人体质量指数(BMI)与心血管疾病风险因子的相关性。 方法选择2013年3月至2015年1月,在自贡市第一人民医院儿科初次就诊即诊断为超重或单纯性肥胖的62例儿童纳入观察组,以及同期进行健康体检的46例正常体重儿童纳入对照组。统计学比较两组儿童一般临床指标[年龄、人体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、收缩压、舒张压],脂代谢指标[动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、三酰甘油(TG)],以及糖代谢指标[胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、口服葡萄糖耐量试验2小时血糖(OGTT GLU2h)、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素]差异;并对观察组儿童BMI与上述9项心血管疾病风险因子(脂代谢和糖代谢指标)进行相关性分析。两组儿童年龄及性别构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有参与本次研究的儿童,均由其监护人签署知情同意书,并获得自贡市第一人民医院伦理委员会同意。 结果①观察组儿童一般临床指标BMI[(31.8±2.3) kg/m²]、腰围[(86.7±12.3) cm]及收缩压[(128.0±11.2) mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)]均较对照组[(19.4±0.8) kg/m²、(61.1±8.0) cm、(102.0±12.9) mmHg]高,且差异有统计学意义(t＝－38.171、－12.770、－2.120,P<0.05)。②观察组儿童脂代谢指标AI(4.0±0.8)及TC、LDL、TG浓度[(4.9±0.6) mmol/L、(3.07±0.23) mmol/L、(1.85±0.13) mmol/L]均较对照组高[(1.0±0.4)、(4.0±0.4) mmol/L、(1.46±0.13) mmol/L、(0.80±0.21) mmol/L],而HDL浓度[(0.89±0.09) mmol/L]则较对照组[(2.14±0.49) mmol/L]低,且差异均有统计学意义(t＝－35.96、－7.66、－51.29、－22.03、36.62,P<0.01)。③观察组儿童糖代谢指标HOMA-IR(12.5±1.3)及OGTT GLU2h、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素浓度[(7.5±0.9) mmol/L、(5.97±0.22) mmol/L、(47.0±4.2) pmol/L]均较对照组高[(2.8±0.3)、(4.0±0.4) mmol/L、(4.47±0.13) mmol/L、(14.0±1.4) pmol/L],且差异均有统计学意义(t＝－38.64、－25.44、－43.65、－57.31,P<0.01)。④观察组儿童BMI与AI、TC、LDL、TG、HOMA-IR、OGTT GLU2h、空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素之间呈正相关关系(r＝0.964、0.707、0.960、0.948、0.974、0.969、0.967、0.965,P<0.001);BMI与HDL间呈负相关关系(r＝－0.939,P<0.001)。 结论与正常体重儿童比较,超重或单纯性肥胖儿童更易罹患心血管疾病,应加强对超重或单纯性肥胖儿童的合理饮食指导,采取健康生活方式,预防心血管疾病发生。     

Soy intake is related to a lower body mass index in adult women

BACKGROUND: Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that soy may promote weight loss. AIM OF THE STUDY: The goal of this study was to examine the relation of soy intake with body weight over the lifespan of women with Caucasian, Japanese, and Native Hawaiian ancestry. METHODS: We assessed the relation between lifetime soy consumption and body mass index (BMI) among 1,418 women in Hawaii. All subjects reported anthropometric measures, regular diet, and soy intake throughout life. The lifetime soy questionnaire was completed again by a subset of 356 women 5 years after study entry and the kappa values indicated moderate agreement. We regressed soy intake on BMI at study entry and at age 21 while controlling for confounding variables, computed least square means, and performed trend tests. RESULTS: Higher soy consumption in adulthood was related to a lower BMI (P=0.02). This association was only significant for Caucasian women and for postmenopausal subjects. The women in the highest category also experienced a smaller annual weight change since age 21 (by 0.05 kg/year) than the low soy intake group (P=0.02). We observed no association between early life soy intake and BMI. High vegetable consumption was significantly associated with a higher soy intake among Caucasian women. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, women consuming more soy during adulthood had a lower BMI, but the relation was primarily observed for Caucasian and postmenopausal subjects. This indicates that the association may be due to other nutritional factors and behaviors common in women with high soy intake.     

Body mass index and mortality in asian populations: implications for obesity cut-points

Investigators have questioned whether body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) cut-points for obesity used in the United States and Europe are appropriate for Asian countries. A recent study examined the association between BMI and mortality in a population-based cohort of Japanese men and women. These and other results did not indicate a need for lower cut-points in Asians.     

Evaluating Race/Ethnicity in Moderating Baseline Cardiometabolic Risk and Body Composition Changes in North Carolina First-Year College Women

The roles of race/ethnicity and geographical region in the context of first-year college weight gain remain largely under-examined. The present study evaluated whether race/ethnicity: (1) at baseline was associated with greater representation in cardiometabolic health risk categories for body mass index, percent body fat, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio in the full sample of 54 Black/African American and 80 White/European American first-year female undergraduates attending a North Carolina state university; and (2) moderated body composition changes between the beginning of the fall and spring semesters among the 83 participants who completed baseline and follow-up visits (N = 39 Black/African Americans). More Black/African Americans than White/European Americans had percent body fat values ≥32% at baseline; a greater proportion of White/European Americans than Black/African Americans had a waist-to-hip ratio >0.80. Among those who completed baseline and follow-up visits, White/European Americans had higher waist-to-hip ratios (unadjusted: p <0.01, adjusted for family income: p < 0.01) and waist circumferences (adjusted for family income: p < 0.05) at both time points. No strong moderating effects of race/ethnicity were detected. Preliminary results suggested that greater consideration of racial/ethnic indicators and potential regional variation in these biometric attributes among first-year college students is warranted.     

2型糖尿病患者体质指数变化与心血管病其他危险因素的关联研究

目的:分析2型糖尿病患者（T2DM）BMI变化与心血管病其他危险因素的关联。方法:基于农村社区T2DM队列,基线和随访时测量研究对象的身高、体重、血压、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C。分析中剔除随访期间死亡及失访或信息不全者,共纳入8 953例研究对象。使用多重线性回归和Cox比例风险回...     

健康体检1084例踝臂指数与心血管危险因素关系的分析

目的了解踝臂指数（ABI）与心血管疾病各相关因素之间的关系。方法对1084例门诊体检人群,检测空腹血糖、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、体重指数、收缩压、舒张压,并计算不同性别、不同ABI分组条件下各组的患病率。结果男性和女性在不同ABI组中的分布不相同（x^2=52．130,P〈0．05）。按ABI分组,心血管各危险因素中年龄、体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油及空腹血糖在三组中比较,差异有统计学意义（F值分别为28．268、24．826、192．950、88．213、7．602、14．802、199．216,P〈0．05）。其中年龄、血压及空腹血糖随着ABI的减低而逐渐增加。随着ABI分级的增加,同时并存多个危险因素的例数逐渐增加。结论ABI是预测心血管疾病的重要因子,有利于心血管疾病的发现和监控。     

Associations between overweight and obesity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and fatty liver in young offenders serving community orders

Abstract

The health of young offenders supervised in the community has not been studied previously. This paper describes the prevalence of overweight, obesity and obesity-associated cardiovascular and hepatic risk factors in a sample of young offenders supervised in the community in New South Wales, Australia. During 2003–05, 800 (85% male) young offenders took part in a comprehensive health survey that included direct measurement of height and weight as well as blood sampling. The prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was 33.7% in boys and 35.3% in girls; both rates were higher than those of a comparable community sample. Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence was extremely high compared with other published studies, with over 40% of boys and over 20% of girls having low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and over 10% of both boys and girls having elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Risk factors for fatty liver disease were also prevalent, with almost 15% of boys, and 30% of girls having raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT), suggesting hepatic cell injury. Cardiovascular and fatty liver disease risk factors were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among boys but not girls in this sample. Young people of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander decent were at no greater risk than the rest of the population. Young offenders are among the most disadvantaged people in Australian society and are particularly vulnerable to a range of health problems. The high prevalence of risk factors represents a substantial health burden for these young people in early adulthood. Timely intervention is required to address the complex health needs of this under-served population.     

中国成人腰围、体质指数与高血压关系

目的 采用腰围(WC)、体质指数(BMI)综合评价中国18～69岁成年人中心性肥胖者高血压患病风险。方法 利用2004年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测样本人数,采用多级抽样方法抽取18～69岁成年人30686人,采用问卷调查和人体测量方法收集数据,比较各BMI组别中心性肥胖者高血压患病的OR值。结果 体质指数正常、超重和肥胖组中,男性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为26.1%,32.0%和49.2%;女性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为22.5%,28.2%和41.5%;除男性肥胖组外,中心性肥胖者高血压患病率均明显高于同组内的正常腰围人数(P<0.01);调整混杂因素(年龄、吸烟状况、饮酒状况和锻炼等)后,与正常腰围人群比较,各BMI组别中男性中心性肥胖者患高血压患病的OR值分别为1.9(95%CI=1.6～2.3),1.6(95%CI=1.3～1.9),1.6(95%CI=0.7～3.7);女性患高血压患病OR值分别为1.5(95%CI=1.3～1.8),1.4(95%CI=1.2～1.6),2.5(95%CI=1.2～5.2)。结论 中心性肥胖者与正常腰围者比较具有更高的高血压患病风险。     

中国六省学龄儿童体重指数、体脂百分比评价肥胖与心血管代谢危险因素的相关性

目的 探讨单纯体重指数(BMI)、体脂百分比(FMP)分类肥胖及二者交叉分组与心血管代谢危险因素的关联,为儿童肥胖及相关代谢异常的防控提供依据。方法 基于在6省(黑龙江、内蒙古、宁夏、四川、云南和湖南)完成的横断面调查,选取10～18岁的学龄儿童11 542人为研究对象。分别以[BMI(+-)]和[FMP(+-)]单独或交叉分类肥胖状况分组,采用Logistic回归模型分析比较心血管代谢危险因素异常的风险。结果 不调整腰围(WC)的影响,[BMI(-)+FMP(+)]组低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和血糖升高风险较低,其余各组与肥胖相关代谢异常的关联较高。调整WC后,男生中 [BMI(+)+FMP(+)]组高三酰甘油(TG)[OR(95%CI):2.55(1.29~5.02)]、合并血脂异常[OR(95%CI):2.07(1.19~3.61)]和血压升高[OR(95%CI):2.20(1.29~3.77)]的风险较高。女生中[BMI(+)+FMP(+)]组合并血脂异常[OR(95%CI):2.02(1.09~3.74)]的风险较高。结论 结合FMP对儿童肥胖评价可提高对血脂异常和血压升高的筛查效果。     

Understanding of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Bangladeshi immigrants in New York City

Objectives: Among all South Asians, Bangladeshis have the highest prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of our study was to compare the understanding of CVD risk factors among Bangladeshi immigrants to the general Caucasian population in the U.S.

Design: We surveyed Bangladeshi immigrants in Queens, New York using a CVD risk factor knowledge instrument used in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study to assess awareness of risk factors. Using multivariate regression modeling, we compared scores on the knowledge instrument between Bangladeshis we surveyed and Caucasians from the CARDIA study, controlling for potential confounders. We subsequently examined the frequency of mentioning each risk factor to understand what was driving the difference in the overall score.

Results: The proportion of Bangladeshis scoring low on the knowledge assessment was 0.53, where as the proportion of whites scoring low in the CARDIA study was 0.32 (p value?<?.001). Whites were 34% more likely to score high than Bangladeshis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.52). Bangladeshis were more likely to mention diet and cholesterol as risk factors and less likely to mention lack of exercise, being overweight, and smoking as risk factors.

Conclusion: Understanding of cardiovascular disease risk factors was lower among Bangladeshis than whites. This was driven by Bangladeshis having less awareness regarding how exercise and being overweight contribute to CVD. Community based interventions and community health partnerships should target these behavioral risk factors in the Bangladeshi population.     

北京城区居民体质指数与慢性病危险因素关系分析

对 1 995～ 1 998年营养与食品安全所老年与临床营养室在北京地区慢性病社区防治研究中积累的1 2 4 6例 2 5～ 74岁居民的部分体检资料进行分析 ,观察不同人群体质指数 (BMI)、腰围 (WC)水平与慢性疾病相关因素 血清总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、甘油三酯 (TG)、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、血糖 (FBG)及与高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病的检出率的关系。结果 :该人群超重及肥胖率男性为 41 7%及1 4 6 % ,女性为 32 0 %及 2 0 4%。超重及肥胖组高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病的检出率明显高于BMI正常组。相关分析结果表明BMI、WC与TC、TG、SBP、DBP呈显著正相关 ;与HDL C、HDL C TC呈显著负相关 ,WC与FBG呈显著正相关。提示为早期预防慢性病 ,应对BMI>2 4的人群给予充分关注     

中国成人体质指数分布状况

根据 1992年第 3次全国营养调查资料 ,选取了 44 485例 2 0～ 6 0岁成人 ,对体质指数 (BMI)的性别、年龄分布进行了分析 ,并采用百分位数法对超重及肥胖的BMI界值进行了探讨。结果表明 ,我国成人BMI呈对数正态分布 ,均数为 2 2 1± 3 0 ,第 5 0、85和 95百分位数分别为 2 1 6、2 4 9和 2 7 4,其中第 85百分位数非常接近WHO推荐的超重界值 ,第 95分位数低于WHO肥胖的界值。BMI分布在年龄、性别、城乡之间都存在较大的差异。因此 ,作者建议在确定界值时应考虑性别、年龄的影响 ,并与发病率和死亡率、体脂含量等相联系     

河南省成年居民体质指数的动态变化研究

为观察体质指数的动态变化 ,为卫生研究和政策制订提供依据 ,采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法 ,对抽取的观察户连续观察测量。结果显示 ,从 1989年～ 2 0 0 0年BMI小于 18 5的人数百分比呈下降趋势 ,1989年为 7 3% ,2 0 0 0年为 3 5 %。超重和肥胖的人数百分比呈增加的趋势 ,从 1989年的 10 7%猛增到2 0 0 0年的 2 5 2 % ,平均每年增加 1 5 %百分点。2 0 0 0年超重肥胖百分比高低依次为城市 33 3%、县城 31 7%、郊区 2 4 6 %和农村 2 1 1%。提示超重肥胖率较高 ,增加较快 ,应列为重大公共卫生问题之一 ,认真研究对待