氮、磷、钾对膜荚黄芪生长发育及有效成分的影响

目的：研究氮、磷、钾及其配比对膜荚黄芪生长发育及有效成分的影响。方法：通过田间试验，采用氮、磷、钾3因素2次D-饱和最优设计，研究氮、磷、钾及其配比对膜荚黄芪生长及有效成分的影响。结果：施肥促进了膜荚黄芪幼苗的生长，从而为生育后期膜荚黄芪根生长、产量形成及有效成分的累积提供充足的营养基础。氮、磷、钾各元素及其配比明显促进了茎叶及根干物质积累，氮、磷、钾对膜荚黄芪干物质累积总量的影响程度依次为氮>钾>磷；对膜荚黄芪茎叶干物质累积量的影响程度依次为氮>磷>钾；对根干物质累积量的影响程度依次为氮>钾>磷。施肥明显提高了膜荚黄芪根产量，氮、磷、钾对根产量影响程度依次为氮>钾>磷。氮、磷、钾各元素及其配比使黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷含量明显增加，对总黄酮含量影响不明显。氮、磷、钾对黄芪多糖含量影响程度依次为钾>磷>氮；对黄芪甲苷含量的影响程度依次为氮>钾>磷。结论：氮、钾对膜荚黄芪生长发育，产量形成及多糖，黄芪甲苷含量有重要的影响。根类中药材黄芪的栽培过程中应该注重氮、钾肥的施用，并注意氮、磷、钾的配合施用。     

黄丝郁金氮、磷、钾吸收与积累特性研究

目的 研究黄丝郁金氮、磷、钾吸收与积累特性,为黄丝郁金高产栽培、合理施肥提供依据.方法 定期定点采集黄丝郁金样品,采用凯氏定氮法、钒钼酸比色法、火焰光度法分别测定各器官氮、磷、钾含量.结果 黄丝郁金不同生育时期养分含量不同,同一生育时期不同器官养分含量也不同.三种养分比较来看,钾含量最高,其次是氮,磷含量最低;各器官氮磷钾含量,多以器官形成初期含量最高,而后逐渐降低.植株氮、磷、钾的积累前期主要集中于地上部,生长中后期主要集中到地下部的根茎和块根部分;8～9月为氮和磷素积累速度最快时期,钾有两个快速积累阶段,分别是出苗至9月底和10月底至12月中旬.结论 在黄丝郁金生产中,应及时追肥,尤其是钾肥的补充,生长前期可适量追施,中后期应重施.追施氮肥时,苗期追施量不宜过多.     

安徽铜陵药用牡丹不同生长期物质的积累和氮、磷、钾的吸收动态

目的探讨药用牡丹不同生长期氮、磷、钾的吸收规律及其种植的平衡施肥问题。方法采用定期采样,分析不同生长期药用牡丹氮、磷、钾的吸收量及生长量,推算种植过程的科学施肥量。结果药用牡丹地上部快速生长期主要在7月份之前,植株地上部对氮、磷、钾的吸收较高;氮、磷、钾的平均含量1.259%氮、0.114%磷、0.530%钾。从7月开始,地下部明显增重,此时期根部积累的氮、磷、钾较多:根氮、磷、钾的平均含量0.794%氮、0.108%磷、0.380%钾。结论药用牡丹植株生长每年的需氮约1 500 g、需磷160 g、需钾640 g。     

白花蛇舌草氮、磷、钾吸收分配特性研究

目的在大田条件下研究了白花蛇舌草对氮、磷、钾的吸收分配规律。方法定期取样研究干物质积累规律,采用常规测定方法测定植株氮、磷、钾的量。结果白花蛇舌草苗期对氮、磷、钾吸收较少,分枝开花期和结果期吸收量快速增加,成熟期氮、磷吸收减少,钾出现"负吸收"。白花蛇舌草植株对氮素吸收最多、钾次之、磷最少,全生育期植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收比率为1.00:0.16:0.54。苗期和分枝开花期氮、磷、钾主要积累在叶和茎中,其中氮素以叶中分配最多,磷和钾则主要分配在茎中;结果期和成熟期氮、磷、钾多分配在花果和茎中,氮和磷花果中最多,钾则茎中最高。结论白花蛇舌草在苗期对肥料要求不多,可适当少施。分枝开花期和结果期吸收量骤增,要加大施肥用量,结果期对磷肥和钾肥要求较多,应适当补施磷肥和钾肥以满足此期果实生长的需要。     

知母有效成分及氮、磷、钾累积规律研究

目的：研究知母有效成分累积、营养吸收特性及其转运规律,为确定知母的最佳采收期和合理施肥提供依据。方法：不同时期采样并测定植株不同器官的干物质质量、氮、磷、钾含量和有效成分含量。结果：根茎对氮、磷、钾的吸收主要在7月之后,8月下旬以后地上部分的氮、钾元素大量向根茎转运。春季根茎中菝葜皂苷元含量最高。结论：移栽后第2年7月追肥有利于产量提高,初春收获品质较好。     

鱼腥草氮、磷、钾营养吸收和累积特性初探

目的 :研究鱼腥草氮、磷、钾营养吸收特性 ,为鱼腥草高产栽培、合理施肥提供依据。方法 :定期定点采集鱼腥草样品 ,分别测定不同器官的氮、磷、钾含量。结果 :鱼腥草不同生育时期养分含量不同 ,同一生育时期不同器官养分含量也不相同 ,其地上部分养分含量总体高于地下部分。鱼腥草为喜钾植物 ,其吸钾量大于吸氮量 ,磷的吸收量最少 ,而不同时期氮、磷、钾的吸收比例也不同。 5～8月为鱼腥草氮和磷累积速度最快时期 ,钾的累积速度则与 4～7月最快。每生产 100kg干鱼腥草全草 ,约需吸收氮 1.615kg ,P₂O₅0 .712kg ,K₂O₃ .486kg。 结论 :鱼腥草生产中应及时追肥 ,尤其钾的补充于 4月下旬即可进行。追肥时还可根据具体情况在不同生育时期追施不同配比的养分 ,并建议采用叶面施肥 ,以加快地上部分对养分的吸收和运转.     

怀牛膝氮磷钾吸收、分配及积累特点的初步研究

目的:研究怀牛膝氮、磷、钾吸收、分配和积累特点。方法:采用过氧化氢-硫酸消化法、钒钼黄比色法、火焰光度法测其氮、磷、钾的含量。结果:植株中氮、磷、钾的含量随生育期的推移而下降,其含量顺序为钾>氮>磷;植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率呈双峰曲线变化,吸收的最大速率期均处于10月中旬;每生产100 kg怀牛膝根需要氮、磷、钾分别为8.59,1.36,7.40 kg。结论:在9中旬和10中旬是养分吸收的关键时期,应保证养分的充足供应,注重氮肥和钾肥。     

氮、磷、钾对嘉兰植株生长和秋水仙碱含量的影响

目的 :探讨氮、磷、钾对嘉兰植株生长和秋水仙碱含量的影响。方法 :砂培法对已发芽成活的嘉兰小苗进行不同浓度氮、磷、钾条件下生长。结果与结论 :嘉兰植株的生长、叶片硝酸还原酶的活性和块茎秋水仙碱含量明显不同 ,尤其是缺氮植株差异更为明显。     

三七不同间隔年限种植土壤氮、磷、钾含量动态变化规律研究

目的：研究三七不同间隔种植年限对土壤氮、磷和钾元素的影响。方法：对文山州马白、马塘、古木和盘龙4个三七道地产区新土、间隔5年土和连作土3种种植模式下土壤总氮、磷、钾和有效氮、磷钾含量进行动态测定。结果：土壤全氮、磷和速效氮、磷含量变化均表现为间隔5年土 >连作土 >新土;3种间隔种植模式土壤除全氮含量无显著季度变化外,其他三者均呈倒“V”型,含量峰值出现于2010年4月;土壤全钾含量变化无显著差异,但速效钾含量变化表现为新土 >连作土> 间隔5年土,季度变化规律与速效氮、磷一致;4个监测地3种间隔种植模式下土壤全氮、磷、钾及速效氮、磷、钾含量变化均不同。3种间隔种植模式土壤中全磷和速效磷含量具有显著相关性,但其他2种元素无显著相关性。新土、间隔5年土和连作土速效氮、磷、钾比例分别为1：0.4：2.4,1：0.4：1.4,1：0.4：2.0。结论：连作造成了三七种植土壤磷素的相对富集和钾素的相对亏缺,进而造成的土壤氮、磷、钾比例失衡为产生连作障碍的诱因之一。加强三七种植土壤氮、磷、钾最佳比例研究,从而进行配方施肥为消减连作障碍重要手段。     

夏枯草氮、磷、钾吸收分配特征及其干物质积累研究

目的:研究夏枯草干物质积累及其氮、磷、钾吸收分配特性,以期为夏枯草科学施肥技术的建立提供理论依据.方法:夏枯草不同生长时期进行动态采样,测定全株与各器官生物量及其氮、磷、钾含量.结果:夏枯草植株干物质积累量与氮、磷、钾吸收积累量呈线性增加趋势,相关系数均达显著水平.4月中旬至5月上旬植株干物质阶段积累率最高,达63.71％.3月下旬至4月中旬植株干物质主要分配在叶中;5月上甸至5月下旬茎中于物质分配率最高;至6月中旬,果穗干物质分配率最大.4月中旬前,植株对氮磷钾吸收积累量较少,各营养元素主要集中于叶片;4月下旬至5月上旬,氮磷钾吸收积累量均占整个生长期最大,分别为72.35％,59.82％,87.41％,此期营养元素主要集中于茎中;转入生殖生长期(即5月上甸后),果穗中营养元素积累量及分配率逐渐增大,并于6月中旬均达最高值.整个生长期以拔节期至现蕾期(即4月中旬至.5月上旬),为夏枯草植株干物质积累量最大期,同时也是氮、磷、钾最大效率期.结论:拔节期至现蕾期(即4月中旬至5月上旬)为夏枯草植株生长发育最关键时期,期间需注意田间水肥调控,以促进植株顶端现蕾与干物质积累.每生产100 kg夏枯草果穗,需吸收1.62 kg N,0.36 kg P2O5,2.88 kg K2O,各养分间吸收比例N-P2O5-K2O为1:0.22:1.77.     

麦冬氮、磷、钾吸收与积累特性研究

目的:研究麦冬氮、磷、钾吸收与积累特性。方法:采用过氧化氢-硫酸消化法、钒钼酸比色法、火焰光度法和原子吸收分光光度法分别测定麦冬氮、磷、钾和微量元素含量。结果:麦冬营养元素的大量元素中氮、钾含量高,磷含量低。在生育期中氮的含量变化规律是低→高→低,在植株中的累积速度有2个较快时期和2个较慢时期,从分布的器官上看,营养器官占绝大部分;磷含量变化的总趋势与氮相同,前期叶片、营养根含量高,采收时块根含量高,植株累积量逐渐增加;钾的含量变化总趋势是前期高后期低,植株器官钾含量前期叶片、营养根高,2月至3月块根比叶片含量稍低、比营养根含量高,植株累积钾的量逐步增加,但增加的幅度不大。结论:在麦冬的生产上,宜在栽种成活后逐步增加氮肥的施用量,秋季不宜施用氮肥,早春应追施一次氮肥;在秋冬季增施磷肥;在越冬期重施钾肥。     

Effect of turmeric on glycemic status,lipid profile,hs‐CRP,and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. This study examined the effect of turmeric supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile, hs‐CRP and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients. In this double‐blind, randomized clinical trial, 80 hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients were divided into turmeric (2,100 mg powdered rhizome of turmeric daily) and placebo groups for 8 weeks. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low density lypoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), high density lypoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and total antioxidant capacity were measured before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was carried out using paired and independent t and chi‐square tests. Seventy five patients completed the study. The turmeric group showed significant decreases in body weight, TG, and LDL‐c compared with baseline (p value < 0.05). Body mass index, TG, and total cholesterol decreased significantly in the turmeric group compared with the placebo group (p value < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in other parameters between the two groups after intervention (p value < 0.05). Turmeric improved some fractions of lipid profile and decreased body weight in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes. It had no significant effect on glycemic status, hs‐CRP, and total antioxidant capacity in these patients.     

Ontogeny of Curcuma longa L.]

Based on the research of growth of organs, accumulation of dry matter, distribution of photosynthetic production and displacement of growth centre, the growth of turmeric can be divided into three stages. There are 13 leaves in the life of turmeric. Leaf formation takes place rapidly to form 8 leaves in the seedling stage. The leaf area and increase of dry matter per day in roots and leaves are smaller or lower in the seedling stage. In the daughter rhizome formation stage, NAR reaches the maximum (3.54/m2.d), and the leaf area reaches the maximum(3302.9 cm2/plant, LAI 4.95). Before the daughter rhizome formation stage, more than 75% of dry matters are distributed in leaves, and in the daughter rhizome formation stage, 50%-75% of dry matters are distrbuted in leaves. In the late growing period, more than 40% of dry matters are distributed in the daughter rhizome. The growth centre of turmeric changes two times in life. When CGRr is equal to CGRt, the crossing of CGRt and CGRr curves may be regarded as the evidence of the transfer of growth centre from leaves to daughter rhizome.     

基于16 S rRNA序列研究华重楼植株可培养内生细菌的多样性

目的分析华重楼Paris polyphylla健株和茎腐病感病植株内生可培养内生细菌的多样性。方法用牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基分离华重楼茎腐病及健康植株根茎、茎、叶等不同部位的细菌,采用16 S rRNA通用引物27F/1492R进行PCR扩增结合DNA测序技术,对分离自华重楼健株及茎腐病植株不同部位的细菌进行初步鉴定。结果从华重楼的健康植株和感病植株中分离到11属23种细菌。从健株分离到4属11种内生细菌,其中根茎、茎、叶分别分离到9、10和5种内生细菌。从病株分离得到10属14种内生细菌,其中根茎、茎、叶分别分离到11、8和3种内生细菌。华重楼健株的根茎部内生细菌量最高,达2.999×105 cfu/g,叶部内生细菌量较低,为7.32×104 cfu/g,华重楼健株根茎、茎、叶中的芽孢杆菌量最高,比例分别为73.3%、67.1%和81.8%。华重楼病株的茎部内生细菌量最高,达2.817×105 cfu/g,叶部内生细菌量较低,为2.76×104 cfu/g,华重楼病株的根茎、茎、叶部的假单胞菌量最高,比例分别为35.6%、50.3%和60.5%。华重楼健株不同部位的多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于病株。结论华重楼健康植株以芽孢杆菌为优势细菌类群,华重楼茎腐病植株以假单胞菌为优势细菌类群。华重楼健株相比病株具有更为丰富的内生细菌群落多样性。     

Tissue cultures of Artemisia annua: Organogenesis and artemisinin production

Seeds of Artemisia annua obtained from different locations Europe(P1), Michigan USA (P2), Washington USA (P3), Hoechst India (P4) and Lucknow (P5) were germinated and grown in an experimental field station. The plants were harvested during the early flowering stage and analysed for artemisinin and arteannuin-B. Plants from Europe produced the highest level of artemisinin (6.50 mg% fresh weight (F.-W.)) and those from Lucknow produced the highest level of arteannuin-B (21.42 mg% F.W.). Callus initiation and growth was achieved on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with BA (1 ppm) + NAA (1 ppm) from the five plant types. The European variety gave multiple shoots in BA (0.1 ppm) + IAA (1 ppm) medium and root formation in NAA (1 ppm) + Kn (0.1 ppm) medium. Artemisinin and atreannuin-B were detected in cultures of the European variety with complete differentiation (0.95 mg% F.W. and 6.57 mg% F.W. respectively).     

Herbal formulation “turmeric extract,black pepper,and ginger” versus Naproxen for chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized,double‐blind,controlled clinical trial

Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease that can lead to chronic pain and severe disability. Curcumin—an effective ingredient in turmeric with anti inflammatory property—plays an important role in protecting the joints against destructive factors. Gingerols and piperine, are the effective ingredients of ginger and black pepper, which may potentially enhance and sustain the effect of curcumin in this direction. To determine the effect of cosupplementation with turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger on prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis, compared with Naproxen. Sixty patients with two different levels of knee osteoarthritis (Grade 2 and 3) were studied. Individuals were randomly assigned to receive daily turmeric extract, ginger, and black pepper together or Naproxen capsule for 4 weeks. PGE₂ was evaluated by ELISA method. 24‐hr recall was also assessed. All of participants completed the study. PGE₂ decreased significantly in both groups (p < .001), but there was no significant differences between groups. The results of this study indicated that intake of the selected herbs twice a day for 4 weeks may improve the PGE₂ levels in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis similar to Naproxen drug.     

三七化学成分的研究历程和概况

三七Panax notoginseng为五加科人参属植物,在我国已有400多年的栽培历史,其作为一种名贵中药,具有化瘀止血、消肿止痛等功效。三七复杂的化学成分是其良好功效的基础。目前已从三七中发现了百余种化合物,其中有效成分以皂苷类成分和三七素为主。对三七中皂苷类和非皂苷类成分的研究历程和概况进行了综述,并根据不同化合物的特点,探讨了各类化合物今后的研究方向,以期为三七的进一步研究提供有益参考。     

黄蜀葵花期不同组织器官中多类型资源性化学成分的分析与利用价值挖掘

对锦葵科植物黄蜀葵Abelmoschus manihot采收药用部位花冠过程中产生的不同组织器官(根、茎、叶和花)中的主要资源性化学成分进行分析评价,为其资源化利用提供支撑。分别采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱法(UPLC-TQ/MS)分析黄蜀葵不同组织器官中黄酮类、核苷类及氨基酸类资源性化学成分组成及其含量;分别采用紫外-可见分光光度法、粗纤维测定法(Weende)分析黄蜀葵不同组织器官中可溶性多糖类及总纤维含量。结果显示,黄蜀葵花中富含黄酮类资源性化学成分,主要组成为金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、棉皮素-8-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、杨梅素、槲皮素-3'-O-葡萄糖苷、芦丁和槲皮素,总量为25.450 mg·g~(-1),叶片亦有少量黄酮类资源性化学成分分布。黄蜀葵不同组织器官均富含可溶性多糖类组分和总纤维,其中茎中总多糖量较高,达19.76%,根中总纤维量较高,可达29.88%。在黄蜀葵植物中共检出21种氨基酸类和9种核苷类资源性化学成分,其中花中氨基酸类化学成分种类及含量较为丰富,达4.737 mg·g~(-1);叶中核苷类化学成分含量较为丰富,为1.474 mg·g~(-1)。黄蜀葵植物中含有丰富的资源性化学成分,且不同组织器官中所含成分的组成和含量有所差异,研究结果为黄蜀葵植物采收花后不同组织器官的精细化利用与产业化开发提供了科学依据。     

Turmeric Toxicity in A431 Epidermoid Cancer Cells Associates with Autophagy Degradation of Anti‐apoptotic and Anti‐autophagic p53 Mutant

The keratinocyte‐derived A431 Squamous Cell Carcinoma cells express the p53R273H mutant, which has been reported to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy. Here, we show that the crude extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa), similarly to its bioactive component Curcumin, could induce both apoptosis and autophagy in A431 cells, and these effects were concomitant with degradation of p53. Turmeric and curcumin also stimulated the activity of mTOR, which notoriously promotes cell growth and acts negatively on basal autophagy. Rapamycin‐mediated inhibition of mTOR synergized with turmeric and curcumin in causing p53 degradation, increased the production of autophagosomes and exacerbated cell toxicity leading to cell necrosis. Small‐interference mediated silencing of the autophagy proteins BECLIN 1 or ATG7 abrogated the induction of autophagy and largely rescued p53 stability in Turmeric‐treated or Curcumin‐treated cells, indicating that macroautophagy was mainly responsible for mutant p53 degradation. These data uncover a novel mechanism of turmeric and curcumin toxicity in chemoresistant cancer cells bearing mutant p53. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.