生地黄连液对四氧嘧啶小鼠影响的实验研究

观察生地黄连水煎液对四氧嘧啶小鼠空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胰腺组织形态等指标的影响。以四氧嘧啶腹腔注射方法模拟糖尿病小鼠 ,并测量空腹血糖、血清胰岛素。结果 ,生地黄连水煎液可明显降低四氧嘧啶小鼠的空腹血糖值(P<0 .0 5 ) ;增加血清胰岛素的分泌量 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;改善胰岛素细胞的形态结构。生地黄连水煎液可显著降低四氧嘧啶小鼠的空腹血糖 ,增加血清胰岛素的分泌 ,并能修复胰岛内分泌细胞。     

灯盏花素对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用机理探讨

目的:研究灯盏花素对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用与机理。方法:腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分别以高、中、低剂量灯盏花素对糖尿病小鼠尾静脉注射5周,测定小鼠的空腹血糖、葡萄糖耐量、血清中胰岛素水平、胰岛素分泌指数和血清SOD含量,并采用Western-Blot方法检测灯盏花素对糖尿病小鼠胰岛β细胞表达的影响。结果:灯盏花素能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,提高葡萄糖耐量水平(P0.05)并使血清中胰岛素含量升高;提高胰岛素分泌指数;提高血清SOD含量(P0.05);同时提高对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠胰岛β细胞表达水平(高剂量组P0.01,中剂量组P0.05)。结论:灯盏花素具有减轻四氧嘧啶对胰岛β细胞的损伤程度或对这种损伤具有一定程度的保护和修复作用,能促进胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素,从而达到降血糖的效果。     

泽泻提取物对正常及四氧嘧啶小鼠糖尿病模型的影响

目的 :研究泽泻水提醇沉法提取物 (RAE)的抗糖尿病作用。方法 :给小鼠尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶 90mg·kg- 1 ,造成糖尿病模型。测定血糖 (Glu)、甘油三酯 (Trig)、胆固醇 (Chol)、胰淀粉酶 (Amy)和血清胰岛素 (Ins)。光镜下观察胰腺和胰岛的组织学变化。结果 :RAE可使正常小鼠血糖明显降低。治疗 7天可使四氧嘧啶小鼠Glu和Trig降低。光镜下观察RAE治疗后的四氧嘧啶小鼠 ,胰岛保持正常组织学形态。RAE还可升高血清Ins水平及对抗四氧嘧啶诱发的Amy降低。     

胰岛细胞损伤体外模型的建立及在药物筛选中的应用

目的:体外建立胰岛细胞损伤模型,并初步应用于保护和修复胰岛细胞中药的筛选。方法:将INS-1胰岛细胞接种于96孔板中,以四氧嘧啶诱导建立体外胰岛细胞损伤模型,MTT法测定不同剂量四氧嘧啶对细胞活力的影响,并应用于研究不同药物对损伤的胰岛细胞的增殖作用。结果:将密度为1×104个/孔的INS-1细胞接种于96孔板,细胞24h贴壁后予以12mmol.L-1四氧嘧啶诱导,可建立稳定的胰岛细胞损伤模型;翻白草、银杏叶能够保护和修复四氧嘧啶损伤的INS-1细胞。结论:以四氧嘧啶诱导胰岛细胞损伤的方法,可建立稳定的体外胰岛细胞损伤模型,并可用于保护修复胰岛细胞药物的筛选。     

二氢杨梅素对糖尿病小鼠降糖作用研究

目的:研究藤茶中二氢杨梅素的降糖作用。方法:一次性尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶(75mg/kg)建立糖尿病小鼠模型,以二甲双胍为阳性对照,研究二氢杨梅素对糖尿病小鼠的体重、摄食量、饮水量、空腹血糖、糖耐量、糖原、抗氧化能力、血清胰岛素和胰腺组织的影响。结果:二氢杨梅素100、150 mg/kg对四氧嘧啶致病小鼠能极显著降低血糖;提高糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量,减少四氧嘧啶对胰岛的损害,促进糖尿病小鼠肝糖原的合成和胰岛素的分泌;提高糖尿病小鼠的抗氧化能力。结论:二氢杨梅素对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠有降糖作用,其降糖机制可能是通过提高抗氧化作用减轻四氧嘧啶对肝脏和胰岛B细胞的损伤,促进了肝糖原和胰岛素的合成。     

糖克软胶囊降血糖作用的实验研究

目的:观察糖克软胶囊对糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用并探讨其作用机理。方法:通过静脉注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病高血糖小鼠模型,采用One-touch稳捷Ⅱ型血糖仪测血糖及糖耐量,125I-胰岛素放射免疫试剂盒测血清胰岛素水平,并与正常组对照。结果:糖克软胶囊对正常小鼠有显著的降血糖、改善糖耐量作用;可明显改善正常小鼠蔗糖耐量以及四氧嘧啶小鼠葡萄糖耐量;能有效降低四氧嘧啶小鼠高血糖,提高血清胰岛素水平。结论:糖克软胶囊对糖尿病小鼠有较好的降糖作用,其作用机理可能是通过减轻四氧嘧啶对胰岛β细胞损伤,或促进已损伤的β细胞修复,增强胰岛素的分泌功能,从而减轻高血糖反应;而且可通过影响糖的吸收、摄取、降解、代谢利用等降低血糖。     

三消治治疗糖尿病的药理研究

三消治为中药复方制剂,本文研究了三消治对实验性糖尿病、胰岛β细胞和胰岛素受体等影响,结果表明三消治能对抗肾上腺素和四氧嘧啶引起的高血糖;对胰岛损伤的β细胞有保护作用;使老年骨髓细胞胰岛素受体数目增加,大鼠和狗按2～4g/(kg·d),服6个月,无毒性反应。     

广西匙羹藤茎降血糖作用机制的研究

目的:研究广西匙羹藤茎95%乙醇提取物(Gymnema sylvestre95% Ethanolic Extracts,简称GSEE)的降血糖作用及其机制。方法:采用四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大鼠模型,用放射免疫分析和免疫组化SP染色等方法进行研究。结果:GSEE可使四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大鼠的血糖值降低、血清胰岛素水平升高,还能升高SOD活性、降低MDA含量,提高肝糖原含量,明显升高胸腺和胰腺的重量指数,抵抗四氧嘧啶引起的胸腺、胰腺萎缩。大鼠胰腺的HE染色和免疫组织化学染色可见,GSEE各剂量组胰岛β细胞形态、结构与模型对照组比较,有不同程度的改善。GSEE对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大鼠体重和TC、TG无明显影响。结论:GSEE对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大鼠具有显著的降血糖作用,其降糖机制可能与GSEE促进四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞损伤的修复,促进胰岛素分泌和降低胰岛素分解速度,促进肝细胞糖原合成等类胰岛素样作用和清除自由基及抗脂质过氧化过程有关。     

芪地降糖灵口服液降血糖作用的实验研究

目的：观察复方中药制剂芪地降糖灵口服液对正常小鼠及高血糖小鼠模型、糖尿病大鼠模型的降血糖作用。方法：建立葡萄糖高血糖小鼠模型、四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠模型,检测芪地降糖灵口服液对正常及模型动物的血糖水平和血清胰岛素含量的影响。结果：芪地降糖灵口服液可降低高血糖小鼠、糖尿病大鼠的血糖值,提高血清胰岛素的含量;对正常小鼠的血糖无明显影响。结论：芪地降糖灵口服液具有降血糖作用,并能改善胰岛功能。     

大蒜素对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢影响

预先给四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大鼠大蒜素〖３０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）,４０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ＿．６０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）〖,连续７天。发现大蒜素能使糖尿病大鼠血糖浓度降低,血清胰岛素浓度升高,并呈一定的量效关系。纱对四氧嘧啶引起的大鼠胰岛细胞损伤有保护作用。     

高山红景天多糖降血糖作用

高山红景天多糖50,100,200mg/kg,一次或多次腹腔注射、能降低正常小鼠血糖、肝糖原和血总脂。此外对四氧嘧啶、肾上腺素和葡萄糖所引起的小鼠高血糖均有抑制作用,能抑制葡萄糖引起的肝糖原增加和增强四氧嘧啶和肾上腺素引起的肝糖原分解,并使高血糖小鼠血总脂含量降低。     

毛平车前降血糖调血脂作用的研究

目的:研究毛平车前醇提取物(PDM)降血糖调血脂作用及机制。方法:观察PDM对正常小鼠血糖的影响;对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠糖耐量,血糖、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)及胰岛损伤程度的影响;用H₂O₂诱导人脐带静脉内皮细胞株ECV304细胞氧化损伤,观察PDM对血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用。结果:PDM对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响,可明显降低糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量,显著降低糖尿病小鼠血糖及血清中GSP,TC,TG,LDLC,MDA含量,明显回升HDLC/TC比值、SOD活性和NO含量,并减轻四氧嘧啶对胰岛细胞的损伤;能明显提高损伤后ECV304细胞的存活率,使细胞培养液中SOD活性上升,降低细胞内MDA含量。结论:毛平车前具有显著的降血糖调血脂作用,作用机制可能与提高机体抗氧化能力、减轻自由基对胰岛细胞的损伤有关。     

The effect of Coptis chinensis on lipid peroxidation and antioxidases activity in rats]

In order to make a systematic study of the effect of Coptis chinensis on free radicals, the authors used the method that the drug and the brain homogenate of rat were mixed and incubated to investigate the effect of Coptis on lipid peroxidation. The result showed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) product of rat brain homogenate inhibited by 5% Coptis was significantly different from control (P < 0.001). On the basis of the above-mentioned results, the effect of Coptis on lipid peroxidation and diabetes of rats induced by alloxan was investigated. The result showed: (1) The MDA product of both pancreas and liver homogenate in Coptis group was significantly less than that in control and alloxan group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). (2) Superoxide dismutases (SODs) in erythrocytes activity was the same for all groups (P > 0.50). (3) The blood catalase (CAT) activity in alloxan group markedly decreased compared with control group (P < 0.05), but no significant change between Coptis and alloxan group (P > 0.05). (4) The value of serum glucose in alloxan group was significantly increased in comparing with control group (P < 0.05). There was a trend to decrease the value of serum glucose in Coptis group compared with alloxan group, but no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). The experiment indicated that there was very strong inhibitory effect of Coptis to the lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo. Coptis could protect rat from diabetes inducing by alloxan and that probably was due to the fact that Coptis was able to inhibit alloxan inducing free radicals.     

川黄连不同炮制品改善四氧嘧啶小鼠糖及脂代谢紊乱比较研究＊

目的 比较川黄连不同炮制品（味连、酒味连、姜味连、萸味连、雅连、酒雅连、姜雅连、萸雅连）对四氧嘧啶小鼠糖、脂代谢的药效差异。方法 采用四氧嘧啶小鼠糖尿病模型，测定小鼠的血糖指标和脂代谢相关指标。结果 在降糖方面，川黄连不同炮制品组与模型组比较，均有不同程度升高四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠空腹血清胰岛素（Ins）、降低空腹血糖（FBG）的作用，尤以萸雅连的疗效最佳；较之模型组，味连组、雅连组、姜味连组、萸雅连组糖化血清蛋白（GSP）降低显著，表明对小鼠糖代谢调节效果较好。在降脂方面，川黄连不同炮制品均可降低糖尿病小鼠血清中血清胆固醇（TG）、甘油三酯（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的含量，并增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的含量。就总体趋势而言，雅连及其炮制品降脂作用优于味连及其炮制品。结论 在降血糖方面，不同品种黄连、不同炮制品效果差异不大，以萸雅连降糖效果最为明显，在调节糖脂代谢紊乱和抗氧化方面，则雅连效果最佳。     

Prevention of chemically induced diabetes mellitus in experimental animals by virgin argan oil

The argan tree plays an important socioeconomic and ecologic role in South Morocco. Moreover, there is much evidence for the beneficial effects of virgin argan oil (VAO) on human health. Thus, this study investigated whether administering VAO to rats can prevent the development of diabetes. VAO extracted by a traditional method from the almonds of Argania spinosa (2 mL/kg) was administered orally (for 7 consecutive days) to rats before and during intraperitoneal alloxan administration (75 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days). An alloxan diabetic‐induced untreated group and treated by table oil were used as control groups. Body mass, blood glucose and hepatic glycogen were evaluated. In the present study, subchronic treatment with VAO at a dose of 2 mL/kg, before the experimental induction of diabetes, prevented the body mass loss, induced a significant reduction of blood glucose and a significant increase of hepatic glycogen level (p < 0.001) compared with the untreated diabetic group. In conclusion, the present study shows that argan oil should be further investigated in a human study to clarify its possible role in reducing weight loss in diabetics, and even in inhibiting the development or progression of diabetes. This antidiabetic effect could be due to the richness of VAO in tocopherols, phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anti-diabetic activity of green tea polyphenols and their role in reducing oxidative stress in experimental diabetes

An aqueous solution of green tea polyphenols (GTP) was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation (LP), scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in vitro. Concentration needed for 50% inhibition of superoxide, hydroxyl and LP radicals were 10, 52.5 and 136 micro g/ml, respectively. Administration of GTP (500 mg/kg b.wt.) to normal rats increased glucose tolerance significantly (P<0.005) at 60 min. GTP was also found to reduce serum glucose level in alloxan diabetic rats significantly at a dose level of 100 mg/kg b.wt. Continued daily administration (15 days) of the extract 50, 100 mg/kg b.wt. produced 29 and 44% reduction in the elevated serum glucose level produced by alloxan administration. Elevated hepatic and renal enzymes produced by alloxan were found to be reduced (P<0.001) by GTP. The serum LP levels which was increased by alloxan and was reduced by significantly (P<0.001) by the administration of 100 mg/kg b.wt. of GTP. Decreased liver glycogen, after alloxan administration showed a significant (P<0.001) increase after GTP treatment. GTP treated group showed increased antioxidant potential as seen from improvements in superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. However catalase, LP and glutathione peroxidase levels were unchanged. These results indicate that alterations in the glucose utilizing system and oxidation status in rats increased by alloxan were partially reversed by the administration of the glutamate pyruvate transaminase.     

火绒草降血糖作用的初步研究

用火绒草水煎剂30g／kg给小鼠灌胃10d，可以降低正常小鼠的血糖，对四氧嘧啶引起的小鼠糖尿病有预防及治疗作用，并可对抗肾上腺素或葡萄糖引起的血糖升高。     

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oleanolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum Ait in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats

The present study evaluated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oleanolic acid (OA) from Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. OA in the alloxan‐induced diabetic rats showed significant hypoglycemic activity by lowering blood glucose (at doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg for 40 days). The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) in the OA‐treated diabetic rats were lower, and the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) level was higher than in the control diabetic rats. A significant reduction in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of diabetic rats following OA treatment was also observed. Furthermore, OA treatment decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, but increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐px) activities of the liver and kidney in diabetic rats. These results indicate that OA could protect the liver function avoiding alloxan‐induced damage; OA had hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant efficacy in the diabetic rats. The antioxidant ability of OA might be one of the mechanisms of its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风轮菜乙醇提取物的降血糖作用及其机制研究

研究风轮菜醇提物(EJCT)的降血糖作用及其机制。方法：观察EJCT 150，300，600 mg·kg^-1对正常小鼠空腹血糖(FSG)的影响；对肾上腺素性高血糖小鼠血糖及肝糖原、四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖及胰岛损伤程度的影响。观察EJCT 对Fe²⁺/Cys激发的小鼠肝匀浆过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的影响。结果：EJCT对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响。但是，EJCT 300，600 mg·kg^-1可显著降低肾上腺素所致的小鼠血糖升高，并使低下的肝糖原回升。EJCT 150，300，600 mg·kg^-1明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖及减轻四氧嘧啶对胰岛细胞的损伤。另外，EJCT 30，60，90，120 mg·L^-1能明显降低Fe²⁺/Cys激发的小鼠肝匀浆中MDA的含量。结论：EJCT具有显著的降血糖作用，其作用机制可能与增加肝糖原合成、减少肝糖原分解、提高机体抗脂质过氧化能力，从而减轻胰岛细胞的损伤有关。     

覆盆子酮对糖尿病模型小鼠的降血糖作用及其机制研究

 目的 研究覆盆子酮对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用及其机制。方法 以四氧嘧啶尾静脉注射诱导糖尿病小鼠模型,随机分为模型组、阳性对照组(二甲双胍,90 mg·kg^-1)、 覆盆子酮低、中、高剂量组（200,400,800 mg·kg^-1）,同时设正常对照组,灌胃给药,连续给药20 d。在实验第0、7、14天各测空腹血糖;实验末期进行：糖耐量实验;测定血清胰岛素水平、计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI);测定血清超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛水平;通过胰腺HE染色和胰岛素免疫组化分析观察胰腺组织病变程度和胰岛β细胞胰岛素表达。结果 覆盆子酮具有明显控制糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖值(P＜0.05)升高,降低血糖曲线下面积的作用,其中覆盆子酮高剂量组降糖作用与阳性对照组相当;覆盆子酮高剂量组显著提高血清胰岛素水平(P＜0.05);显著增加血清中超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽的含量(P＜0.05),并能显著降低血清中丙二醛的含量(P＜0.05);HE及免疫组化分析表明,覆盆子酮有效修复胰岛病理改变,增加胰岛β细胞中胰岛素的表达。结论 覆盆子酮具有剂量依赖性地降血糖效果,增加胰岛素分泌,各剂量对四氧嘧啶造成的胰腺损伤都有一定修复作用。机制可能与提高糖尿病小鼠抗氧化能力,促进胰岛β细胞修复有关。