车前子资源调查及外观品质评价研究

目的:了解车前子的资源分布情况、产销情况、品质情况和药材外观形状,以期较全面揭示车前子商品的形成和流通现状,为制定符合流通规律的车前子药材商品规格等级标准提供依据。方法:采用走访调查的方法对车前子在专业中药材市场和产地的流通及品质进行调查研究。结果:车前子的产地以江西为主,主产于江西泰和、新干和修水等县市,四川广汉、黑龙江五常和绥化海伦亦有栽培;市场所售车前子均为生品,其颜色有黑色、黑褐色、棕褐色、红棕色和红褐色等,其中红棕色的为平车前子。结论:市场上的车前子以人工种植为主要来源,为车前Plantago asiatica L.的种子,以粒大饱满、种脐明显和种皮色棕黑色有光泽者为佳,称作大粒车前;野生来源为平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的种子,红棕色,粒较小,以果实饱满、颜色均匀有光泽为佳;可将车前子划分成选货和通货两种规格,选货分为大粒车前子和小粒车前子两个等级。     

HBC (hit by car)

I have been an emergency nurse for 12 years and have seen and experienced a lot of things in that time – some happy, some sad and some too tragic to remember. I have met all sorts of people and thought I had developed good insight into the emotions and feelings that surface while they are in our care. I was wrong. My experience with the injury of a family pet in a car accident taught me that the events that precede a presentation to the emergency department should not be underestimated. Feelings of panic, helplessness, fear and guilt clutter your thought process as you try to come to terms with what has happened. Trying to remember simple things such as phone numbers can become lost in a cloud of emotion.     

Neuroanatomical correlates of visual car expertise

Expertise in non-visual domains such as musical performance is associated with differences in gray matter volume of particular regions of the human brain. Whether this is also the case for expertise in visual object recognition is unknown. Here we tested whether individual variability in the ability to recognize car models, from novice performance to high level of expertise, is associated with specific structural changes in gray matter volume. We found that inter-individual variability in expertise with cars was significantly and selectively correlated with gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex. Inter-individual differences in the recognition of airplanes, that none of the participants had expertise with, were correlated with structural variability of regions bordering the visual cortex. These results highlight the role of prefrontal regions outside the visual cortex in accessing and processing visual knowledge about objects from the domain of expertise and suggest that expertise in visual object recognition may entail structural changes in regions associated with semantic knowledge.