非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸生物胶植入术的疗效

目的 研究非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸生物胶植入术治疗开角型青光眼的手术效果及有效的降压机制。方法 将临床接治的19例(28只眼)开角型青光眼行非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸生物胶植入术,术后观察眼压、结膜滤枕及前房反应等情况,随访6～24个月。结果 28只眼术前平均眼压(23.92±1.26)mmHg,下降幅度36.33％,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),24只眼结膜形成功能性滤过泡,4只眼功能性滤过泡消失。28只眼均无前房出血,术后前房反应轻。结论 非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸生物胶植入术能有效地降低开角型青光眼的眼压,术后并发症少,可做为此类青光眼病人手术的选择。     

非穿透性小梁手术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的临床观察

目的探讨非穿透性小梁手术（NPTS）联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入的临床疗效。方法对32例（38眼）原发性开角型青光眼实施非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术。观察术后视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房反应、前房深浅及并发症。术后随访（14．6±2．3）月。结果术前平均眼压（29．2±8．01）mmHg。术后1周平均眼压（15．01±4．65）mmHg,手术前后眼压差异有统计学意义。术后30眼前房无任何反应,2眼有I度浅前房伴少许前房积血,均术后2～3d自行恢复,6眼轻度房水闪光,术后2～3d消失。所有患眼术后均形成显著弥散滤过泡。术后1周及6月视力基本稳定。结论非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入治疗开角型青光眼疗效肯定,并发症少,为开角型青光眼提供了一种更安全的治疗方法。     

NPTS联合透明质酸钠生物胶治疗开角型青光眼

目的:回顾总结非穿透性小梁切除联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入及丝裂霉素应用治疗开角型青光眼的疗效。方法:对20例24眼开角型青光眼施行非穿透性小梁切除手术,术中巩膜床植入透明质酸生物胶及应用丝裂霉素,术后随访12～36mo,观察眼压、视力、前房角、滤过泡等情况。结果:术后1,2,3a时眼压分别为16.32±5.25,17.28±5.70,18.26±5.20mmHg,与术前眼压35.52±7.6mmHg相比明显下降(P<0.01)。术后视力达到或高于术前水平22眼,视力下降2眼。术中、术后均未出现浅前房及前房炎症反应。24眼均有功能型滤过泡。结论:非穿透性小梁切除联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入及丝裂霉素应用能安全、有效地治疗开角型青光眼。     

小梁切除术联合自体巩膜植入术治疗青光眼的临床研究

目的观察小梁切除术联合自体巩膜植入术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法对12例(12眼)青光眼患者施行小梁切除术联合自体巩膜植入术。术后观察眼压、视力、滤过泡形态、并发症等,并做超声生物显微镜(UBM)观察。结果经3～18mo的随访,术后视力11眼(92%)维持不变或提高。眼压由术前平均(36.15±11.39)mmHg降至术后1a平均(13.21±4.98)mmHg,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),末次随访眼压≤21mmHg者11眼(92%),其中9眼形成弥散性滤过泡,术后前房轻度变浅4眼,术后3～7dUBM检查睫状体脱离2眼,无其它并发症发生。结论小梁切除术联合自体巩膜植入术,能有效降低眼压,经济安全术后视力稳定,值得临床应用推广。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术治疗开角型青光眼

目的:探讨非穿透性小梁手术(nonperforatingtra-becularsurgery,NPTS)联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术的临床疗效。方法:对34例(48眼)开角型青光眼的患者实施NPTS联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术。术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房反应、前房形成情况及并发症。结果:术后随访3～22(平均8.2±4.1)mo。术前平均眼压(34.18±13.30)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后(7.71±2.69)mmHg;差异有显著性t=14.710,P<0.001。术前平均用药(2.77±0.77)种,术后(0.71±1.05)种,差异有显著性t=4.616,P<0.001。随访期间眼压≤21mmHg者46眼(96%),其中27眼(59%)不用抗青光眼药物,19眼(41%)加用抗青光眼药物。术后24眼无任何反应;10眼前房有轻度闪辉,术后2～5d消失;8眼有少量前房积血,积血均于2～4d消失。6眼出现低眼压性黄斑水肿(22%),均于术后随着眼压的回升而消失。术后均无浅前房、睫状体或脉络膜脱离等并发症发生。所有患者术后均形成显著弥散滤过泡。其中42眼I型滤过泡,6眼II型滤过泡。术后6mo复查32眼I型滤过泡,11眼II型滤过泡,1眼III型滤过泡。结论:NPTS联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术,可有效降低眼压,并减少抗青光眼药物的应用,术后并发症少,术后远期疗效尚可,为一种治疗开角型青光眼的有效方法。     

非穿透性小梁切除联合羊膜植入术治疗青光眼

目的探讨非穿透性小梁切除联合羊膜植入术治疗开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法对36例(36眼)开角型青光眼患者施行非穿透性小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入术。术后随访6~24月。结果所有患者术后均无严重的并发症。3例术后视力下降。最终随访的平均眼压(14.86±4.15)mmHg,明显低于术前(29.65±5.76)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。最终随访时形成功能性滤过泡者30眼。结论非穿透性小梁切除联合羊膜植入术能有效地降低眼压,无穿透性小梁切除术所引起的术后并发症,是治疗开角型青光眼的有效术式之一。     

非穿透性小梁手术治疗青少年开角型青光眼

目的探讨非穿透性小梁手术（NPTS）联合透明质酸钠生物胶（SK胶）植入治疗青少年开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法对12例（22眼）青少年开角型青光眼采用非穿透性小梁手术联合SK胶植入,术中应用抗代谢药物。术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡、眼底杯/盘、视野及手术并发症。随访36～44个月,并在末次随访时行超声生物显微镜（UBM）检查。结果手术1周及随访末次平均眼压分别为（10.27±1.38）mmHg,（16.18±7.69）mmHg,与术前平均眼压（29.38±12.56）mmHg相比,差异均有统计学意义（分别为t=6.65,P〈0.01和t=2.71,P〈0.01）。术后22眼均形成显著弥散滤过泡,末次随访时10眼（45.50%）可见扁平稍弥散滤过泡,12眼（54.50%）手术区瘢痕形成,未见滤过泡;视力提高2行及以上者5眼,不变者17眼,无视力下降。眼底杯/盘减小者6眼,不变者16眼;视野改善者6眼,不变者16眼,无视野损害进行性加重。结论非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入治疗青少年开角型青光眼疗效确切,并发症少,可作为青少年开角型青光眼的首选术式。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗原发性开角型青光眼

目的评价非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗原发性开角型青光眼的临床效果.方法28例39眼原发性开角型青光眼,行非穿透性小梁手术联合术中应用丝裂霉素C.术后观察前房、滤过泡、眼内反应、眼压及视力等情况.随访6～12个月.结果眼压术后5～7天7眼在3.96～7.10 mmHg,其余太低测不出;术后1、3、6和12个月平均眼压分别为(12.34±3.81)、(14.68±3.73)、(15.75±4.14)和(17.13±6.15)mmHg,与术前相比差异有非常显著性(t值分别为16.08、14.89、13.83和10.24,P均＜0.01).随访期间6眼眼压＞21 mmHg,经术区激光周边虹膜成型或房角穿刺4眼恢复正常.术后早期全部可见滤过泡隆起,随访末期77.1%可见功能性滤过泡.并发症有小梁-后弹力膜穿孔、术区虹膜前粘连及小梁-后弹力膜纤维增生增厚.术后视力与术前相比均有不同程度改善.结论非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗开角型青光眼降眼压效果好,并发症少,是一种理想的手术方法.     

非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素及深层巩膜反折疗效观察

目的:观察非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素及深层巩膜反折引流治疗开角型青光眼的临床效果。方法:对14例(18眼)开角型青光眼患者进行非穿透性小梁切除手术,术中联合应用丝裂霉素C及深层巩膜反折引流。观察手术前、后的眼压、视力、视野、前房(前房角)变化及手术后滤过泡情况。随访3~18mo。结果:术前平均眼压(33.96±8.16)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后眼压为(14.62±3.53)mmHg,手术前后眼压差异有显著意义(t=11.82,P<0.01)。手术前、后视力及视野无明显改变。术后16眼均形成滤过泡,其中I型6眼,Ⅱ型11眼,Ⅲ型1眼。结论:非穿透性小梁切除联合应用丝裂霉素及深层巩膜反折引流术是治疗开角型青光眼的一种安全、有效、便宜和具有可重复性的新治疗方式。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合羊膜移植治疗开角型青光眼

目的 :探讨非穿透性小梁手术 (NPTS)联合羊膜移植治疗开角型青光眼的机制及疗效评价。寻找透明质酸钠凝胶植入材料替代物。方法 :对 18例 2 5只开角型青光眼患者行非穿透性小梁手术联合羊膜移植 ,术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡及眼内反应 ,随访时间最短 30天 ,最长 4 2 0天。结果 :术前 2 5只眼平均眼压为 (38 2± 14 4 )mmHg ,2 5只眼术后 3只眼眼压高于 2 1mmHg ,经降眼压药物治疗后 2只眼仍高达 2 8mmHg以上 ,余眼压均控制在 7～ 2 0mmHg之内 ,术后 2个月手术成功率为 88% ,条件成功率为 92 % ,术后 3个月手术成功率为 82 % ,条件成功率为 88%。术后视力均有显著提高 ,滤过泡扁平弥漫 ,轻微充血。术中、术后未出现浅前房、前房出血、玻璃体脱出、脉络膜脱离等并发症。结论 :非穿透性小梁手术联合羊膜移植能安全、有效地降低眼压 ,为非穿透性小梁手术提供了有效安全植入材料。可广泛用于开角型青光眼的治疗     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.