铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药水平调查及药敏分析

[目的]调查我院2006年9月~2007年8月住院患者送检标本分离的铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药水平,并分析亚胺培南耐药株对其他常用抗菌药物的耐药性。[方法]临床标本分离的铜绿假单胞菌用常规K-B方法进行药物敏感性试验,若结果判定为耐药和中介,则进一步采用琼脂倍比稀释法检测铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南及其他10种抗菌药物的MIC。[结果]铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为13.7%,22株耐亚胺培南的铜绿假单胞菌对10常用种抗菌药物的耐药率也普遍较高,有3株铜绿假单胞菌对受试的11种抗菌药物全部耐药。[结论]铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率较高,并对多种抗菌药物耐药,应引起高度重视。     

8株耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌基因型的研究

目的检测8株耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物铜绿假单胞菌携带的耐药基因以指导临床合理用药。方法 K-B琼脂扩散法做抗菌药物敏感实验,聚合酶链式反应技术（PCR）在所收集菌株中扩增BLAimp、BLAvim、OXA基因。结果用PCR技术在8株亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌基因组中扩增出BLAimp基因。结论产金属β-内酰胺酶是我科铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南耐药的主要机制。实验室检测可帮助临床合理选用抗菌药物并减少耐药性的传播,防止术区感染提高临床治愈率。     

耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的耐药机制研究

目的了解安徽省细菌耐药性监测中心收集的铜绿假单胞菌对常用15种抗菌药物的耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。对临床分离的14株铜绿假单胞菌的耐亚胺培南机制进行研究。方法安徽省细菌耐药性监测中心收集2006年9月份34所医院住院和门诊患者的各种临床送检标本,无重复分离的铜绿假单胞菌共236株。按美国临床及实验室标准协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute,CLSI)推荐标准,采用M-H琼脂倍比稀释法对野生菌进行15种抗菌药物的体外药物敏感试验。针对14株耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌,用协同试验筛选产金属酶菌株;聚合酶链反应检测金属酶基因IMP-1、IMP-2、VIM-1、VIM-2、SPM及外膜蛋白OprD基因;氰氯苯腙检测主动外排情况及其对亚胺培南最低抑菌浓度(Minimuminhibitory concentration,MIC)的影响。结果临床分离的236株铜绿假单胞菌在痰及呼吸道分泌物分布率最高,有155株,占65.7%,提示铜绿假单胞菌主要是以引起呼吸道感染为主;在体外药敏试验中,敏感率最高的前5种药物分别为美罗培南(90.3%)、亚胺培南(88.6%)、哌拉西林/...     

外科重症监护室多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的对比基因组学研究

目的 对比分析外科重症监护室多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的基因组差异,探索其与多重耐药性的关系.方法 琼脂稀释法检测49株铜绿假单胞菌对临床常用9种抗菌药物的敏感性,应用4种稀有位点核酸内切酶结合的脉冲场凝胶电泳技术(PFGE)对临床分离的株铜绿假单胞菌进行基因组分型.结果 多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌菌株占外科重症监护室铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的85.7%;PFGE基因组型A菌株占全部铜绿假单胞菌分离株的61.2%,为主导基因组型,该基因组型全部对阿米卡星和头孢吡肟敏感,对左旋氧氟沙星和美洛培南耐药;PFGE基因组型H、P菌株对6种以上抗生素耐药;PFGE基因组型I和J菌株对所测9种抗生素均敏感.结论 4种稀有位点核酸内切酶结合的PFGE基因组分型可以作为临床多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌监控和鉴定的有效手段.     

2011年我院铜绿假单胞菌耐药分析

目的 探讨铜绿假单胞菌(PA)的感染现状及对抗菌药物的耐药性,以利于临床合理用药.方法 对2011年1月1日～2011年12月20日分离的122株PA的分布状况和药敏试验结果进行回顾性分析.结果 122株铜绿假单胞菌中,耐药性最低的是亚胺培南(12.3%),阿米卡星(24.1%); 耐药性最高的是复方新诺明(85.2%),其次是哌拉西林(60.4%).结论 亚胺培南是治疗铜绿假单胞菌引起感染的可靠药物之一,随着耐亚胺培南菌株的增加,应了解铜绿假单胞菌的耐药机制,加强耐药监测,以便为临床提供可靠的依据,指导临床合理用药.     

延边大学附属医院2010～2012年铜绿假单胞菌感染分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解铜绿假单胞菌临床感染现状及其耐药性情况. 方法采用phonix-100对395株铜绿假单胞菌进行鉴定,用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验. 结果共分离出395株铜绿假单胞菌,标本来源以痰为主;科室分布主要分布在重症监护病房、呼吸内科和骨科;铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、美洛培南、阿米卡星耐药率＜10%. 结论不同标本来源的铜绿假单胞菌耐药性不同,应根据药敏试验结果合理选择抗菌药物.     

医院感染的耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌临床流行特点

目的 分析医院感染的耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的体外药敏情况和其多重耐药菌株的基因多态性,以掌握医院铜绿假单胞茼(PAE)感染和流行情况.方法 调查分析广东省人民医院2007年医院感染的PAE,筛选出耐亚胺培南菌株并分析其临床分布和对常用抗生素的耐药性;同时用ERIC-PCR方法对其多重耐药株进行基因多态性分析.结果 耐亚胺培南PAE为75株.主要来自年老的呼吸系统疾病患者,对常用抗生素耐药率高;其中22株多重耐药株基因分型为10个流行型别.结论 医院感染耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌临床分布广泛,且多重耐药PAE引起的医院感染主要呈散在多克隆流行,是临床PAE感染难以控制的潜在因素.     

铜绿假单胞菌金属β-内酰胺酶及耐药性的研究

目的:了解本院临床分离铜绿假单胞菌产生金属β-内酰胺酶的耐药现况与其耐药基因携带率,并分析与亚胺培南耐药关系,为预防临床感染及治疗提供重要指导.方法:临床收集2010-2012年患者标本并分离培养铜绿假单胞菌,菌株耐药性采用纸片扩散法进行检测,而金属β-内酰胺酶采用双纸片协同法检测,运用聚合酶链反应的方法检测其耐药基因.结果:在216株铜绿假单胞菌中检测出80株产金属β-内酰胺酶,占37.03%,其IMP与VIM基因检出率分别为28.75%(23/80)与11.25%(9/80),其中9株携带VIM基因的菌株都对亚胺培南抗生素耐药,而Ⅰ类整合子检出率高达82.5%(66/80),其中亚胺培南耐药菌株中Ⅰ整合子阳性率占85.71%(48/56).结论:携带金属β-内酰胺酶铜绿假单胞菌在临床医院内广泛传播,需要加强院内感染监测及管理,并合理使用抗生素.     

耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌CARB-3基因的发现

目的分析我院2005年1~12月临床样本中分离的34株耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌CARB基因携带情况,并对CARB基因分型。方法应用BD phoenix 100全自动微生物分析仪鉴定临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌并筛选耐亚胺培南的铜绿假单胞菌。采用PCR方法筛查耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的CARB基因,用DNA测序法对阳性扩增产物进行分型。结果34株耐亚胺培南的铜绿假单胞菌中,有32.4%携带CARB基因,测得DNA序列进行BLASTn比对,基因型为CARB-3型。结论我院临床样本中分离的耐亚胺培南的铜绿假单胞菌携带CARB-3型基因,携带率较高,医务工作者应重视和加强耐亚胺培南的铜绿假单胞菌的防治和耐药监测。     

多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌医院感染分布及耐药性分析

目的：分析多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌临床感染分布及多重耐药特征,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法回顾性分析2008年8月-2013年9月我院检验科分离的140株铜绿假单胞菌的分布情况及药敏结果。结果140株铜绿假单胞菌株中痰液分离率最高,为94株占67.14%;耐药菌株主要集中在ICU、呼吸科,分别占35.00%和22.14%;铜绿假单胞菌对环丙沙星耐药率最高,为45.00%,对美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药率均为7.86%。结论铜绿假单胞菌耐药性较强,临床应根据药敏试验选择合适的抗菌药物,以减少耐药菌株的产生和传播。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.