米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药特性研究

选择含1％维生素C的生理盐水作释药介质，用动态透析系统和分光光度法考察了不同分子量聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药特性。高分子量聚乳酸毫微粒的释药速度明显慢于低分子量的聚乳酸毫微粒。通过选择适宜分子量的聚乳酸制备毫微粒可控制其释药速度。     

米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药物特性研究

选择含１％维生素Ｃ的生理盐水作释药介质，用动态透析系统和分光光度法考察了不同分子量聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药特性。分离子量聚乳酸毫微粒的释药速度明显慢于低分子量的聚乳酸毫微粒。通过选择适应分子量的聚乳酸制备毫微粒可控制其释药速度。     

阿柔比星A聚乳酸毫微粒主要性质研究

目的：对载药毫微粒主要质量指标载药量、包封率及其关系,粒径及其分布进行研究,方法：以阿柔比星Ａ聚乳酸微粒为研究对象,以分光光度测定载药量与包封率,以激光粒度分析仪测定粒径及其分布。结果：阿柔比星Ａ聚乳酸毫微粒平均载药量为１８．５％。平均包封率为８６．７％,平均数目径为８０ｎｍ,平均体积径为２３０ｎｍ。结论：载药量与包封率之间具有一定关系。体积径分布是载药毫微粒粒径分布评价不可忽视的内容。     

柔红霉素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒制备工艺的优化

用乳液聚合法制备柔红霉素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒,在单因素试验基础上,通过系统全面反馈动态技术优化,确定了处方和制备工艺。载药毫微粒平均粒径６０ｎｍ,分布范围３０～２２０ｎｍ,表观包封率９６．３６％,表观载药量５５．３３％（ｇ／ｇ）;有效包封率７４．１１％,有效载药量４２．２５％（ｇ／ｇ）。     

阿柔比星A聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂的研制及体外药物释放规律的研究

研究阿柔比星Ａ聚乳酸毫微粒（ＡＣＲＢ－Ａ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ）冻干针剂的制备,并对其体外释药进行考察。根据低共熔点测定结果,以及外观、色泽、再分散性等质量参数为指标,制备出ＡＣＲＢ－Ａ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂,采用动脉透析法研究其体个释放规律。结果,制得的ＡＣＲＢ－ＡＰＬＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂色泽均匀,再分散性良好。其体外释药可用３种方式表达。提示ＡＣＲＢ－Ａ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂有明显的缓释特征。     

阿霉素共聚物胶束的制备及体外性质研究

目的制备阿霉素共聚物胶束并研究其体外性质。方法采用开环聚合法合成聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚乳酸羟基乙酸（mPEG—PLGA）嵌段共聚物;用透析法、溶剂蒸发法制备空白及载阿霉素胶束;动态光散射仪（DLS）测定其粒径分布;采用紫外分光光度法测定胶束的包封率和载药量。通过体外释药实验研究了载阿霉素胶束的释药特性。结果采用透析法制备载阿霉素胶束大小均匀,平均粒径为（91．1±15．8）nm;药物胶束的包封率为85．2％,载药量为10．4％;与市售阿霉素注射剂相比,载阿霉素胶束具有良好的缓释性能。结论共聚物胶束可作为疏水性药物阿霉素的载体。     

甲睾酮聚乳酸缓释微球的制备

目的：制备甲睾酮聚乳酸缓释微球。方法：用乳化溶剂挥发法制备甲睾酮聚乳酸缓释微球。先设计单因素试验筛选制备微球的处方中的聚乳酸分子量、聚乳酸浓度、投药比（甲睾酮：聚乳酸）;再采用正交试验优化制备微球的温度、转速、聚乳酸浓度、投药比。考察微球表面形态、粒径、载药量、包封率、168h体外累积释药率,并对微球的体外释药模型进行零级、一级、Higuchi、双相动力学方程拟合。结果：优选结果为聚乳酸分子量11万、温度30℃、转速500r·min-1、聚乳酸浓度0.1g·mL-1、投药比1：5。采用最佳工艺条件制备的微球形态圆整,平均粒径为（2.5±0.2）μm,载药量为6.18%～6.62%,包封率为89.9%～91.3%,168h体外累积释药率为（41.8±0.1）%,微球的体外释药符合双相动力学方程（r=0.9945）。结论：甲睾酮聚乳酸缓释微球制备工艺稳定,具有良好的缓释能力。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子缓释微球的制备及其性质研究

目的 通过碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)缓释微球的制备研究,为bFGF的缓释制剂提供科学依据。方法 以聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物为包裹材料,采用复乳包囊法制备bFGF-聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物缓释微球,并对微球的形态学、粒径分布、载药量、包封率和体外释药等进行研究。结果 所制备的微球表面光滑圆整,球体均匀度好;微球平均粒径为1.543±0.070 μm,平均径距为1.273±0.08;载药量和包封率分别为0.0267％和65.32％;微球的体外释药过程较为稳定,两周释药率为59.98％。结论 bFGF缓释微球比bFGF有明显的缓释作用。     

紫杉醇pH敏感聚合物胶束的制备与评价

摘 要 目的：合成双嵌段共聚物材料聚（2-乙基-2-噁唑啉）-聚乳酸（PEOz-PLA）,制备紫杉醇pH敏感嵌段共聚物胶束,并对其体外性质进行评价。方法: 用¹ HNMR和红外光谱对聚合物结构进行表征,采用透析法制备紫杉醇载药胶束,对冻干胶束的冻干保护剂种类进行筛选,芘荧光探针法测定胶束的临界胶束浓度（CMC）,动态光散射法（DLS）对胶束的粒径分布进行测定,透析法测定载药胶束在不同pH条件下的体外释药行为。结果: 胶束的临界胶束浓度为25.63 mg·ml^-1,以10% 聚乙二醇4000作为冻干保护剂胶束复溶性好,粒径分布窄,胶束载药量为8.12%,包封率为69.33%,冻干胶束平均粒径为183.7 nm;在 pH 7.4释放介质中,胶束释药缓慢,而在pH 5.0条件下,胶束释药速率明显加快,体现出胶束释药行为的pH敏感性。结论: PEOz PLA 聚合物胶束制备工艺简单,其粒径、包封率和载药量可控,具有一定的缓释作用,为其进一步的药理与临床应用提供依据。     

阿糖胞苷聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒冻干针剂体外释药特性

目的:研究阿糖胞苷聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒(Ara-C-PBCA-NP)冻干针剂体外释药特性。方法:采用HPLC法测定不同时间的阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)在释药介质中的累积释放百分率,并用不同的释药方程进行拟合。结果:Ara-c-PBCA-NP冻干针剂中,Ara-C的释药规律可用多种数学模型拟合,以双指数方程拟合为优。Ara-C的体外释药百分率平均为(95．86±1．76)%。结论:Ara-C-PBCA-NP冻干针剂体外释放具有一定的缓释特征。     

柔红霉素毫微粒冻干针剂的研究

目的：制备易再分散、稳定的柔红霉素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒（ＤＮＲ－ＰＢＣＡ－ＮＰ）冻干针剂。方法：选用适宜支架剂制得ＤＮＲ－ＰＢＣＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂,并评价其相关理化性质。结果：冻干前后毫微粒形态、粒径、ｐＨ、包封率及载药量均无明显变化,含水量合格,再分散性良好,制剂稳定。其临界相对湿度为７５．３３％。结论：在适宜的处方及工艺条件下制备ＤＮＲ－ＰＢＣＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂是可行的。     

骨髓靶向柔红霉素毫微粒的研究

采用乳液聚合法制备了柔红霉素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒（１）,并对其形态,粒径分布,载药性,动物体内经时变化过程及骨髓靶向性进行了研究。结果表明１平均微粒径为７０ｎｍ,分布范围３０－２２０ｎｍ,包封率为９７．０％,载药一达５５．７％;小鼠胸脉注射相同剂量１及柔红霉素后,前者股骨内峰浓度提高到１．６２倍,ＡＵＣ提高到４．８７倍,总靶向效率从５．１７％提高到２４．１９％,表明１具骨髓靶向性。     

3种方法制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体及其药剂学性质考察

目的:制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体并对其性质进行考察。方法:分别采用pH梯度法、硫酸铵梯度法和醋酸钠梯度法3种主动载药法制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体并将其制成冻干制剂,通过测定包封率、粒径和ζ电位及考察稳定性等研究脂质体的性质。结果:3种方法制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体的包封率冻干前、后分别为65.7%、65.2%,20.1%、18.6%,34.6%、32.4%,粒径分别为136、145nm,144、153nm,142、159nm,ζ电位分别为—20.2、—19.5mV,—24.4、—22.9mV,—18.7、—17.8mV。稳定性考察各项指标均无明显改变。结论:3种方法中pH梯度法更适于制备硫酸卷曲霉素脂质体。     

Preparation,characterization, and biodistribution of breviscapine proliposomes in heart

Breviscapine proliposomes were prepared by ethanol injection–homogenization–lyophilization method. On contact with 5% glucose, the proliposomes were rapidly converted into a liposomal dispersion, in which a certain amount of breviscapine was entrapped by the liposomes. The entrapment efficiency measured by reverse dialysis method was 77.89?±?0.28%. The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of breviscapine liposomes were 504.83?±?52.88?nm (by intensity), 0.17?±?0.02, and ?(20.31?±?1.03) mV, respectively (mean ± SD, n = 3). In mimic-biomembrane model experiment, breviscapine was distributed not only to n-octanol and buffer phase but also to interfacial phase. After bolus administration, the elimination phase (t_1/2(β) = 66.386) of liposomal formulation in plasma was 4.8 times longer than that of solution formulation (t_1/2(β) = 13.695). The AUC and MRT values of liposomal formulation in heart were increased more than 11.7- and 3.2-fold versus solution formulation, respectively. These results were all beneficial to heart disease therapy.     

尼莫地平前体脂质体的制备及其质量评价

目的制备尼莫地平前体脂质体,并进行质量评价,以期得到高效、低毒和稳定的尼莫地平新剂型。方法采用叔丁醇-水共溶剂冻干法制备尼莫地平前体脂质体,考察了影响药物包封率的因素,并对重建脂质体的药物含量、包封率、粒径、Zeta电位、溶血性及稳定性进行考察。结果磷脂浓度、表面电荷是影响尼莫地平脂质体包封率的主要因素。尼莫地平脂质体包封率大于98%,平均粒径为57 nm,Zeta电位小于-20 mV,无溶血性,稳定性好。结论采用叔丁醇水共溶剂冻干法获得了高包封率、粒径均一、无溶血性、稳定的尼莫地平前体脂质体制剂,可用于静脉注射给药。     

注射用奈达铂的制备及质量研究

目的 对注射用奈达铂的制备工艺及质量检测进行研究.方法 对使用的溶剂和赋形剂进行筛选,确定处方,并通过对pH值范围、活性炭用量和冻干工艺进行筛选,确定其制备工艺;采用高效液相色谱法测定制剂的含量和有关物质.结果 最佳处方为奈达铂50 mg,右旋糖酐150 mg,乙醇适量.pH值范围为6.5～7.5,活性炭用量0.1％;最佳冻干过程为--40℃预冻6h,18 h内升温至25℃,25℃再干燥4h.结论 本品制备工艺可靠,适于工业化生产,质量可控.     

Techniques for the preparation and analysis of a liposomal formulation of lisomustine

The optimal composition and production technique were identified for preparation of liposomal formulations of lisomustine. The stability of this formulation was increased by lyophilization of the liposomal dispersion using a cryoprotector, i.e., 10% sucrose solution. The lisomustine content in lysosomes was assayed by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 230 nm. Uptake of lisomustine into freshly prepared liposomes amounted to 61.2 ± 0.4% and particle size was 170 ± 20 nm.     

LIPID EMULSIONS OF PALMITOYLRHIZOXIN: EFFECTS OF PARTICLE SIZE ON BLOOD DISPOSITIONS OF EMULSION LIPID AND INCORPORATED COMPOUND IN RATS

Emulsion formulations of various particle sizes for the highly lipophilic antitumour agent, RS-1541 (13-O-palmitoylrhizoxin), were prepared using dioctanoyldecanoyl-glycerol (ODO) as lipids and polyoxyethylene-(60)-hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-60) as a surfactant. These emulsions were evaluated as injectable drug carriers and compared with a colloidal solution. Both in vitro and in vivo after i.v. administration, RS-1541 was distributed into lipoproteins from the colloidal solution. When applied as emulsions of various particle sizes (124–419 nm) in vitro, RS-1541 was retained and stabilized within the emulsions. In the in vivo study, however, retention of RS-1541 in the emulsions after i.v. injection depended on their size. The small-particle emulsions (94–112 nm) resulted in long retention, and the large-particle emulsions (415–474 nm) led to short retention. Lipolysis rates of emulsion particles by lipoprotein lipase also depended on their size, indicating rapid lipolysis for small-particle emulsions (133 nm). However, the lipolysis was not such an extensive one, showing 10–30% release of capric acid from ODO within 6 h. Blood dispositions of capric acids approximately paralleled those of RS-1541 after i.v. injection of various particle size emulsions (130–368 nm) to rats, although relatively rapid eliminations of capric acids compared with RS-1541 were observed for the small-particle size emulsions (130 nm). These results suggest that when injected as emulsion formulations, the highly lipophilic antitumour agent, RS-1541, has behaviour similar to that of the emulsion particles in the body, which is dependent on the size of the latter. Thus, by properly selecting the particle size, lipid emulsions consisting of ODO and HCO-60 are expected to be effective and useful DDS carriers for RS-1541.     

Immuno-stimulating complexes prepared by ethanol injection

This study describes the formulation of immuno-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) utilising the ethanol injection technique. Cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine were dissolved in ethanol and the resulting solution was rapidly injected into a stirred, aqueous solution of the triterpene-saponin mixture Quil-A. The reversed experiment was also carried out by adding the aqueous Quil-A solution to a solution of cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine dissolved in ethanol. This was done by either rapid injection or dropwise addition of the aqueous Quil-A solution. The colloidal dispersions obtained by ethanol injection and reversed addition were compared with formulations obtained by the dialysis and lipid-film hydration methods. In a further experiment, the preparation of ISCOMs from liposomes as precursor structures was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyse the resulting colloidal dispersions. Samples were also compared with respect to homogeneity of obtained particle species. The ethanol injection technique led to formation of ISCOMs in high numbers within 2 h post formulation. The reversed rapid injection resulted in a similar colloidal dispersion, differing from the former mainly due to the presence of some helical micellar structures. The reversed, dropwise addition led to the formation of helices as the predominant colloidal structure. Of the three previously established methods, only dialysis led to the formation of ISCOMs within 48 h. The lipid-film hydration method and the approach using liposomes as precursor structures did not produce ISCOMs under the conditions and within the time periods investigated. However, it is known that dispersions prepared by the hydration method equilibrate towards ISCOMs after longer storage. Ethanol injection and reversed rapid injection are simple, cost-effective and quick methods to produce ISCOMs.     

双空白对照头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠配伍实验

目的:建立双空白对照平行实验考察两种药物理化性质方面配伍合理性评价的方法。方法:注射用头孢匹胺钠1．0 g溶于奥硝唑氯化钠注射液100 mL中制得配伍溶液,注射用头孢匹胺钠1．0 g溶于0．9％氯化钠注射液100 mL及奥硝唑氯化钠注射液同为空白对照溶液,于20℃密闭放置0～4 h时,分别对其进行溶液外观、pH值和紫外吸收光谱检查,在波长273、320和357．5 nm处,用紫外分光光计分别测定其中头孢匹胺与奥硝唑含量,所得结果并进行统计学分析。结果:在0～4 h内,溶液外观、pH值和紫外吸收光谱基本不变化;空白对照溶液中所含头孢匹胺钠及奥硝唑的相对百分含量与配伍溶液中所含两药的相对百分含量无显著性差异(P<0．5)。结论:双空白对照平行实验考察注射用头孢匹胺钠在奥硝唑氯化钠注射液中配伍在本次实验范围内是合理的。