腹型肥胖与2型糖尿病肾病

目的 观察糖尿病肾病（DN）与相关因素间的关系。方法 应用Logistic回归分析方法回顾性分析415例2型糖尿病患者的年龄、病程、血压、体重指数、腰臀比、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、空腹C肽等与糖尿病肾病间的相关性。结果 糖尿病肾病（DN）组的病程、血压、腰臀比、甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐均明显高于糖尿病非肾病（DM）组;Logistic回归分析提示DN与病程、腰臀比、甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白有显著相关性;血脂正常患者中糖尿病肾病组（DN）的WHR明显高于糖尿病非肾病（DM）组。结论 减轻腹型肥胖、控制高血脂可在某种程度上防止DN的发生及发展。     

代谢综合征与II型糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的探讨代谢综合征（MS）与I 型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系。方法对520例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,用非条件Logistic回归法对糖尿病肾病的相关危险因素进行筛选。结果520例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者合并MS 254例占48.85％,DN并MS组发病年龄提前、糖尿病病程更短(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示DN 与高血压、糖尿病病程、脂代谢紊乱显著正相关。结论代谢综合征是Ⅱ型糖尿病肾病发病的独立危险因素,进行多因素干预治疗对防治DN有重要临床意义。     

2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关危险因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关危险因素。方法应用多因素逐步回归的分析方法对380例2型糖尿病患者中186例糖尿病肾病（DN）和276例非糖尿病肾病（non—DN）患者有关危险因素（血压、血糖、胰岛素、三酰甘油及病程等）进行分析。结果DN组与非DN组比较，血压、血糖、胰岛素、三酰甘油、病程明显升高（P〈O．05），多元回归分析显示，与DN相关的危险因素为舒张压、收缩压、空腹及餐后血糖、空腹胰岛素、三酰甘油和病程等。结论DN的发生与高血压、高血糖、高胰岛素血症、高血脂及病程相关。     

病程10年以上2型糖尿病并发糖尿病肾病调查及相关危险因素探讨

目的：调查2型糖尿病病程10年以上者并发糖尿病肾病的状况,及探讨糖尿病肾病相关危险因素。方法：调查2005～2007年在我院代谢糖尿病中心住院的病程10年以上的234例2型糖尿病患者并发早期肾病、临床肾病及肾功能不全情况;分析比较并发肾病组（DN组）和不并发肾病组（非DN组）在性别构成、男性吸烟、糖尿病家族史、收缩压和舒张压、中心性肥胖、血糖控制及血脂异常情况的差别。结果：①糖尿病并发肾病为72.65%（170/234）;其中早期肾病为49.57%（115/234）,临床肾病为11.11%（26/234）;尿毒症期为11.97%（28/234）;②DN组的收缩压和舒张压、男性吸烟、高TG等高于非DN组;③两组患者在性别、糖尿病家族史、中心性肥胖、糖化血红蛋白及TC、HDL-C、LDL-C异常情况无差异（P〉0.05）。结论：病程10年以上2型糖尿病患者并发糖尿病肾病高达72.65%;其中2/3的患者为早期肾病;高血压、高TG、男性吸烟是2型糖尿病并发肾病的危险因素。     

肥胖相关指标与2型糖尿病肾病患病率的相关性分析

目的探讨肥胖相关指标体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、皮下脂肪厚度(SFT)及内脏脂肪厚度(VFT)与2型糖尿病肾病(T2DN)患病率的相关性。方法共入选842例2型糖尿病患者,根据BMI指数分为正常组、超重组、肥胖组3组。观察各组T2DN发病率并分析其与BMI、WHR、SFT及VFT的相关性。结果肥胖组T2DN患病率最高,与正常组及超重组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T2DN患病率与BMI、WHR、SFT及VFT呈正相关关系。Logistic回归分析结果显示SFT及VFT为T2DN发病的影响因素。结论肥胖可增加的T2DN患病率,是T2DN发病的危险因素。     

肝细胞生长因子和瘦素在糖尿病肾病中的作用

糖尿病肾病 (diabeticnephropathy ,DN)是糖尿病 (DM)的三大并发症之一 ,与心脏病、脑血管病同为糖尿病的重要死因。1型糖尿病患者约 5～ 10年 30 %～ 4 0 %发生DN ,2型糖尿病患者约 10～ 2 0年 15 %发生DN[1 ] 。而其发病机制目前仍然不清 ,多数认为是多因素作用的结果。近年来有研究发现肝细胞生长因子 (hepatocytegrowthfactor,HGF)和瘦素 (leptin)在糖尿病肾病时 ,其血清以及肾脏局部浓度有显著变化 ,从而提示二者与糖尿病肾病之间有着显著联系。1　糖尿病肾病的病理肾脏微血管病变在组织学上分为结节性肾小球硬化、弥漫性肾小球硬…     

2型糖尿病肾病的危险因素分析

目的: 探讨2型糖尿病肾病发生的危险因素.方法: 根据24 h尿微量白蛋白(UAlb)定量检测结果,将120例2型糖尿病患者分为2型糖尿病(DM)组60例和2型糖尿病并发糖尿病肾病(DN)组60例,观察2组患者的年龄、病程、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体质量指数、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TC)、总胆固醇(TG)等指标的差异,并采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析DN与各因素的相关性.结果: DN组患者的病程较DM组长(P< 0.01),年龄、SBP、DBP和FPG均高于DM组(P< 0.05～P< 0.01);logistic回归分析显示:病程、SBP、DBP、HbA1c、TG和TC均为DN发生的独立危险因素(P< 0.01).结论: 年龄、病程、高血糖、高血压及脂代谢紊乱是2型糖尿病肾病发生的危险因素.     

糖尿病肾病相关临床因素分析

目的：分析糖尿病肾病（DN）与相关各因素的关系。方法：采用病例对照方法,对106例2型糖尿病患者（其中33例合并糖尿病肾病）相关指标进行统计分析。结果：DN发生率为31.1%;DN与患者的年龄、糖尿病病程、体重指数、高血压、高血脂、血糖、空腹胰岛素、C肽水平等指标密切相关。结论：多因素影响糖尿病肾病的发生,积极地控制血压、血糖,纠正血脂紊乱,定期监测糖化血红蛋白、血压、血脂等指标变化,对预防或延缓DN的发生和发展有积极的意义。     

1型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的探讨1型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体(ATlR)基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系。方法应用PCR-DdeⅠ酶切法检测35例并发DN及82例无DN的2型糖尿病(DM)患者ATlR基因型。结果并发DN组突变基因型频率明显高于无DN组(FisherexactP<0.05,OR=3.202),突变等位基因频率亦高(FisherexactP<0.05,OR=3.251);Logistic逐步回归分析DN发生危险因素病程、果糖胺、收缩压进入方程。结论ATlR基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病有相关性,携带突变等位基因的2型糖尿病患者具有发生DN的易感性。     

2型糖尿病肾病相关因素分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病（DN）的相关因素。方法：对556例2型糖尿病患者慢性并发症的资料进行回顾性分析，采集患者的人口统计学指标（如年龄、性别、职业、文化水平，糖尿病家族史等）、人体指标（如入院时收缩压、舒张压等）、实验室指标（如低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原、糖化血红蛋白等），对DN组资料采用多因素Logistic回归进行分析，得出与DN发病的相关因素。结果：在多因素Logistic回归分析中具有统计学意义的保护因素为HDL-C和ApoAl；危险因素为病程和HbA1c；糖网、糖尿病周围神经病变患者发生DN的风险增加。结论：病程长、平均血糖高的糖尿病患者发生DN的危险增加；HDL-C和ApoAl高的患者发生DN的风险大。糖网和糖尿病周围神经病变患者发生DN的机率增加。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.