Expression and immunogenicity of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strains secreting the antigen ESAT-6 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice

Background Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of human death. Currently, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only available vaccine against tuberculosis but its efficacy is highly variable. Thus, developing new tuberculosis vaccines becomes an urgent task. In this study, we evaluated in BALB/c mice the humoral and cellular immune responses of recombinant BCG expressing the antigen ESAT-6 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods Escherichia coli-BCG shuttle plasmid named pDE22-esat-6 was constructed by inserting the BamHI/EcoRI digested esat-6 gene PCR product into the similarly digested parental plasmid pDE22. BCG cells were transformed with pDE22-esat-6, which was named recombinant BCG (rBCG). BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously on the back with 100 µl normal saline containing 10(6) CFU of BCG or rBCG. They were sacrificed after 4 weeks to detect their humoral and cellular responses. Results There was no any significant differences in the growth characteristics between the conventional BCG and rBCG. In immunized mice, the IgG antibody titres of rBCG group were as high as 1:8000, which was significantly higher than that in BCG group (1:1400, P<0.05). The elicited IFN-γ level of rBCG group was (1993 ± 106) pg/ml, which was also significantly higher than that in BCG group ((1463 ± 105) pg/ml, P<0.05). The splenocyte proliferation index of rBCG group reached 4.34 ± 0.31, which was higher than that of BCG group (3.79 ± 0.24, P<0.05).Conclusion rBCG secreted expressing antigen ESAT-6 stimulated stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than BCG did, and, therefore may be the better vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis.     

Th1反应及γ-干扰素在幽门螺杆菌疫苗免疫保护中的作用

目的　探讨磷酸胞苷酰寡核苷酸 (CpG ODN)作为幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)疫苗佐剂的作用及Th1反应与γ 干扰素 (γ IFN)在免疫保护作用中的角色。方法　以Hp全菌超声粉碎物 (WCS)为抗原 ,CpG ODN为佐剂经鼻道或口服免疫小鼠 ,采用 5× 10 6CFU和 5× 10 8CFUHp两个菌量攻击小鼠 ,2周及 8周处死小鼠鉴定感染及炎症情况 ,收集小鼠血清、唾液、胃液 ,ELISA法检测血清中IgG、IgG1、IgG2a及IgA水平和唾液、胃液中IgA水平。流式细胞术检测脾细胞内CD+ 4 和CD+ 8T细胞分泌γ IFN和白细胞介素 4 (IL 4 )的水平。结果　当细菌攻击量由 5× 10 8Hp降至 5× 10 6Hp时 ,滴鼻WCS/CpG组保护率由 70 %提高至 90 % ,无免疫对照组的感染率也由 10 0 %降至 80 %。细菌攻击后2周及 8周时 ,滴鼻WCS/CpG ODN组的血清IgG和IgG2a均高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;CD+ 4 细胞和CD+ 8细胞中的γ IFN水平也均高于其他各组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　CpG ODN可作为Hp疫苗佐剂成分 ,其免疫保护作用与Th1反应和γ IFN相关。     

Protective immunity induced by the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody NP30 of Schistosoma japonicum

Objective To investigate the protective immunity induced by the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody NP30 of Schistosoma japonicum in mice.Methods An orthogonal table L(16)(4×2(12)? was selected as the experimental de sign.Eight-week-old Kunming outbred mice (male and female) were randomly div ided into 16 experimental groups and 2 control groups.Control groups were i njected with SP2/0 ascites intraperitoneally. Mice from each group were infe cted with 100±2 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum in the abdominal skin and were sacrificed on the thirtieth day postchallenge. Adult worms were r ecovered and counted by perfusion of the left ventricle-portal vein.The SP2 /0 ascites injected mice were used as controls and the percentage of protection was calculated.Results Active immunization of mice with NP30 could produce protection levels ranging f rom 22.36% to 50.46% depending on the different immunity protocols. The be st immunization protocol was established from the results.Conclusions Active immunization with NP30 can induce a degree of protection to infection wi th Schistosoma japonicum cercariae and NP30 is a potential vaccine ca ndidate against Schistosoma japonicum.     

不同佐剂的弓形虫亚单位疫苗免疫效果观察

目的　探讨不同佐剂增强弓形虫P3 0 3 5亚单位疫苗刺激肌体产生免疫应答和保护性免疫力效果。　方法　应用拟菌颗粒、脂磷壁酸、蜂胶 3种佐剂分别和弓形虫P3 0 3 5特异蛋白组分混合、碾磨、免疫小白鼠 ,以福氏完全佐剂作对照 ,检测其细胞免疫和体液免疫 ,并观察其受到弓形虫攻击感染后的生存情况。　结果　拟菌颗粒佐剂能辅助弓形虫P3 0 3 5特异蛋白组分刺激宿主产生较高的细胞免疫和体液免疫 ,并能提供较好的免疫保护力。拟菌颗粒产生的IL -2较福氏完全佐剂稍低 ,但明显高于其它实验和对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,特别是IFN -γ和CD4 CD8 比值 ,两者差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,并且拟菌颗粒刺激机体产生的IgG明显高于福氏完全佐剂 (P <0 0 1)。脂磷壁酸佐剂和蜂胶佐剂辅助P3 0 3 5刺激产生的细胞免疫应答及免疫保护力低于拟菌颗粒佐剂和福氏完全佐剂。　结论　拟菌颗粒佐剂与福氏佐剂具有相似增强免疫应答和提高P3 0 3 5特异蛋白组分抗原的免疫原性作用 ,可用于弓形虫亚单位疫苗的研制。     

百赛诺对慢性乙型肝炎患者细胞免疫应答的影响

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of bicyclol tablets on the levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: Whole blood samples were obtained from 30 patients with CHB before and at 1 and 3 months during bicyclol tablet therapy and also from 7 healthy donors for isolation of the PBMCs. The product of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatant of PBMCs were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 72 h of cultivation. RESULTS: At 3 months during the therapy, the level of IFN-gamma was increased significantly in the patients from 36.25+/-19.92 pg/ml to 53.19+/-7.28 pg/ml (P<0.05) and the level of IL-4 significantly decreased from 17.18+/-7.43 pg/ml to 9.74+/-7.75 pg/ml (P<0.01). The changes in the levels of IL-4 and IFN-gamma at 3 months during therapy were more obvious in patients with HBeAg positivity than in HBeAg-negative patients (8.74+/-6.12 pg/ml vs 20.51+/-9.16 pg/ml, 50.71+/-30.76 pg/ml vs 26.03+/-10.48 pg/ml, respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bicyclol tablets not only promote Th1 type cytokine-mediated immune responses but also down-regulates Th2 type cytokine-mediated immune responses.     

Anti-fecundity immunity in mice immunized with anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody NP30 of Schistosoma japonicum

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T-cell sensitisation to hepatitis B virus surface antigens

The present study was conducted to explore the immunity to hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) of ad and ay subtypes at the cellular level among adult individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients, chronic HBV infected patients, recovered subjects from HBV infection and uninfected vaccinated controls were stimulated with HBsAg ad and HBsAg ay subtypes in vitro. Stimulated PBMCs were incubated in CO(2) for production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which was measured from the supernatant of cultured PBMCs by an in-house ELISA technique. The mean +/- SE of IFN-gamma levels produced by PBMCs in response to HBsAg ad among the acute, chronic, recovered and control groups were 282.5+/-134.51 pg/ml, 307.45+/-94.84 pg/ml, 915.62+/-170.80 pg/ml and 511.67+/-161.22 pg/ml respectively, while on stimulation by HBsAg ay, the levels were 246.25+/-103.50 pg/ml, 374.70+/-104.02 pg/ml, 1040 +/-140.76 pg/ml and 465.83+/-166.26 pg/ml respectively among the above mentioned groups. The results of this study showed that PBMCs were non-responsive to stimulation by both HBsAg ad and HBsAg ay subtypes in acute and chronic patients with HBV infection. The recovered group responded significantly to both subtypes of HBsAg and the control group did not. The study indicates that although the patients with acute and chronic HBV infection showed weak or no IFN-gamma response to the HBsAg, subjects showed strong IFN-gamma response to the surface antigens on recovery from HBV infection.     

Intranasal Immunization Using CTA1-DD as a Mucosal Adjuvant for an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine

Objective To evaluate the effect of intranasal immunization with CTA1-DD as mucosal adjuvant combined with H3N2 split vaccine. Methods Mice were immunized intranasally with PBS(negative control), or H3N2 split vaccine(3 μg/mouse) alone, or CTA1-DD(5 μg/mouse) alone, or H3N2 split vaccine(3 μg/mouse) plus CTA1-DD(5 μg/mouse). Positive control mice were immunized intramuscularly with H3N2 split vaccine(3 μg/mouse) and alum adjuvant. All the mice were immunized twice, two weeks apart. Then sera and mucosal lavages were collected. The specific HI titers, IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgG subtypes were examined by ELISA. IFN-γ and IL-4 were test by ELISpot. In addition, two weeks after the last immunization, surivival after H3N2 virus lethal challenge was measured. Results H3N2 split vaccine formulated with CTA1-DD could elicit higher Ig M, Ig G and hemagglutination inhibition titers in sera. Furthermore, using CTA1-DD as adjuvant significantly improved mucosal secretory Ig A titers in bronchoalveolar lavages and vaginal lavages. Meanwhile this mucosal adjuvant could enhance Th-1-type responses and induce protective hemagglutination inhibition titers. Notably, the addition of CTA1-DD to split vaccine provided 100% protection against lethal infection by the H3N2 virus. Conclusion CTA1-DD could promote mucosal, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which supports the further development of CTA1-DD as a mucosal adjuvant for mucosal vaccines.     

细粒棘球绦虫(中国大陆株)诊断抗原P-29重组蛋白的免疫保护性研究

目的:探讨细粒棘球蚴(Eg)诊断抗原P-29重组蛋白的免疫保护性及其作为候选疫苗的潜在价值.方法:ICR小鼠随机分为蛋白免疫组和佐剂对照组,每隔2wk皮下免疫1次,在第3次免疫后2wk,用Eg原头蚴进行攻击感染,感染后20wk剖杀小鼠,检获棘球蚴包囊,计算免疫保护力,并用ELISA法测定血清中IgG及其亚型和IgE水平.结果:与佐剂对照组比较,蛋白免疫组小鼠的免疫保护力为96.6%;与免疫前比较,免疫后和攻击感染后蛋白免疫组小鼠血清IgG,IgG1,IgG2a和IgE水平均明显升高(P<0.05),IgG2b降低(P<0.05).结论:细粒棘球绦虫诊断抗原P-29重组蛋白能诱导小鼠产生一定的保护性免疫,是潜在的疫苗候选抗原分子.     

O157:H7大肠杆菌外膜蛋白对小鼠免疫保护作用的实验研究

目的　研究经不同免疫途径 ,O1 5 7:H7大肠杆菌外膜蛋白 (OMP)对小鼠接受致死剂量该菌攻击后的免疫保护作用。方法　用外膜蛋白分别通过鼻腔、口腔和皮下途径对雌性BALB/c小鼠免疫 3次 ,采用ELISA测定血、阴道冲洗液和粪便内抗体水平 ;用Western 印迹方法分析诱导小鼠产生抗外膜蛋白特异性抗体的抗原 ;用致死剂量O1 5 7:H7大肠杆菌活菌经口腔攻毒 ,观察记录动物的发病与死亡情况 ;观察受染动物器官病理变化。结果　ELISA结果表明 ,经鼻腔与口腔免疫 ,能有效诱导抗外膜蛋白IgA和IgG免疫应答 ,鼻腔免疫更为有效。经皮下免疫仅能诱导血中产生高水平的特异性IgG抗体。攻毒后 ,鼻腔和口腔免疫组小鼠存活率明显高于对照组 (86 7%比 4 0 % ,P <0 0 1和 73 3%比 4 0 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,鼻腔免疫组更高 (86 7%比 73 3% ,P <0 0 5 )。而皮下免疫组存活率甚至低于对照组 (1 3 3%比 4 0 % ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　O1 5 7:H7大肠杆菌外膜蛋白对实验小鼠的该菌株致死剂量攻击有较强的保护作用。鼻腔免疫途径为O1 5 7:H7大肠杆菌外膜蛋白诱导机体产生免疫保护的最佳途径     

Immune responses against Schistosoma japonicum after vaccinating mice with a multivalent DNA vaccine encoding integrated membrane protein Sj23 and cytokine interleukin-12

Background The vaccination of mice with DNA encoding single candidate antigens has failed to induce significant protection against Schistosoma japonicum ( S. japonicum) challenge infections. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using a multivalent DNA vaccine which co-expressed S.japonicum integral membrane protein Sj23 and murine cytokine IL-12 to induce protective immune responses.Methods The plasmid pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23, a eukaryotic expression vector expressing Sj23 and murine IL-12 simultaneously, was constructed, identified, and tested for expression in vitro. Its ability to protect against S. japonicum challenge infections was analyed according to worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate after vaccination of BALB/c mice. The serum levels of specific IgG antibody were determined by enzyme-linked-immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Using cultured spleen cells, IFN-γ and IL-4 post-stimulation were quantified by ELISA. The phenotypes of splenocyte populations were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).Results The plasmid DNA pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 was proven to express well in vitro by transient transfection of HEK-293 cells. Immunization resulted in a worm reduction rate of 45. 53% and egg reduction rate of 58.35%. ELISA and Western blot analysis indicated that immunized mice generated specific IgG against Sj23. Spleen cells showed significant increases in IFN-γ but decreases in IL-4.No significant differences in CD4^ and CD8^ subgroup ratios were observed after the challenges.Conclusions The multivalent DNA vaccine pVIVO2-1L12-Sj23 is sufficient to elicit moderate but highly significant levels of protective immunity against challenge infections. Cytokine IL-12, as a gene adjuvant, was able to enhance the Thl responses and, hence, the protective immunity.     

约氏疟红内期细胞颗粒疫苗免疫保护性机制

目的探讨约氏疟红内期细胞疫苗保护性免疫作用的特点.方法分别用Saponin和双蒸水溶血后的约氏疟原虫感染的鬼形红细胞作疫苗、腹腔免疫接种BALB/c小鼠,并设正常小鼠为空白对照,分别以致死性同源虫株攻击后比较各组小鼠的感染率和存活率.采用间接免疫荧光检测法,ELISA法测定血清特异性抗体及其亚类.RT-PCR法比较各组小鼠脾细胞白细胞介素-4(IL-4),γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)表达的差异,用SDS-PAGE及直接免疫荧光染色法分析感染红细胞膜蛋白.结果用Saponin皂化构建的疟疾红内期细胞颗粒疫苗(SPRBC)与水化的红内期细胞颗粒疫苗(DPRBC)及对照组相比,可使免疫鼠获得对致死性攻击的非常显著的免疫保护,表现为低原虫血症、短病程和高存活率(P＜0.01),并呈现有高滴度抗体,其亚类有先以IgG1,后以IgG2a为主的趋势;同时经SPRBC免疫鼠的脾细胞其IL-4,IFN-γ均有高表达;感染红细胞表面呈现有相对分子质量为47 000的小鼠MHC-Ⅰα链分子表达.结论皂化处理的约氏疟红内期细胞颗粒疫苗对同源致死性攻击有显著的免疫保护,其作用与疫苗诱导、对攻击产生的IgG1、IgG2a类抗体以及免疫细胞分泌的IL-4,IFN-γ类细胞因子相关,呈现细胞免疫和体液免疫的共同作用.正常与感染小鼠红细胞表面的MHC class Ⅰ类分子可能有重要的免疫学意义.     

普伐他汀对非肥胖糖尿病小鼠糖尿病预防作用的机制

目的 探讨普伐他汀对非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠糖尿病的预防作用及机制.方法 3-4周龄NOD雌鼠分为4组,对照组(摄普通饲料,30只),小剂量组(普伐他汀1 mg·kg-1·d-1,29只),中剂量组(普伐他汀10 mg·kg-1·d-1,29只)和大剂量组(普伐他汀40 mg·kg-1·d-1,30只),观察糖尿病发病至30周龄.各组另取8只12周龄未患病NOD鼠,胰腺HE染色观察胰岛炎;制备脾细胞悬液后,流式细胞仪检测脾细胞中CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞数量;氚-胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入法检测脾细胞对特异性抗原的刺激增殖反应;ELISA法测特异性抗原刺激后脾细胞培养上清干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素4(IL-4)水平;RT-PCR检测脾脏IFN-γ、IL-4mRNA的表达水平.结果 30周龄时,大剂量普伐他汀组NOD鼠糖尿病的发病较对照组明显降低(P＜0.01).12周龄时,大剂量普伐他汀组胰岛炎严重程度低于对照组(P＜0.001);大剂量普伐他汀组脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ水平(42±20)Pg/ml,脾脏IFN-γmRNA表达水平(0.24±0.10)pg/ml均低于对照组(157±32)pg/ml,(0.81±0.18)pg/ml,均P=0.000),IL-4水平(91±22)pg/ml,脾脏IL-4mRNA表达水平(0.39±0.18)pg/ml均高于对照组[(44±20)pg/ml,P=0.000;(0.20±0.08)pg/ml,P=0.002)];小、中、大剂量普伐他汀组和对照组特异性抗原增殖指数分别为3.85±0.35、3.53±0.82、3.32±0.44、3.70±0.62,各组间差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);小、中、大剂量普伐他汀组和对照组脾细胞中CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞数量分别为(9.6±2.6)%、(10.2±2.4)%、(8.9±2.7)%、(10.0±2.4)%,各组间差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 早期使用大剂量普伐他汀进行干预,可以通过下调Th1细胞因子INF-γ,上调Th2细胞因子IL-4,促使免疫平衡向Th2方向偏移,从而减轻NOD鼠胰岛炎,预防NOD鼠糖尿病的发生.     

血吸虫重组卡介苗—Sj20GTST疫苗的构建及免疫原性的研究

目的 构建含日本血吸虫相对分子质量为２６０００的抗原（Ｓｊ２６ＧＳＴ）基因的 且卡介菌（ＲＢＣＧ）疫苗,观察其对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法 采用分子生物学技术,将Ｓｊ２６ＧＳＴ ｃＤＮＡ克隆到人结核杆菌热休克蛋蛋白（ＳＨＰ）７０启动子下游,构成融合基因,再将事基因亚克隆到Ｅ,ｃｏｎｌｉＢＣＧ－Ｓｊ２６ＧＳＴ（ｒＢＣＧ－Ｓｊ２６ＧＳＴ）疫苗,经热诱导,在ＢＣＧ中Ｓｊ２６ＧＳＴ抗原。用ｒＢＣ     

卵巢癌抗独特型微抗体主动免疫治疗卵巢癌动物实验

目的用模拟人卵巢癌抗原并有满意免疫原性的抗独特型微抗体进行临床前动物实验研究.方法将已构建的抗独特型微抗体融合基因在大肠杆菌进行表达,用Western blot、竞争抑制ELISA进行微抗体活性测定.20只人淋巴细胞免疫功能重建的荷卵巢癌腹腔瘤SCID小鼠分2组,10只用微抗体免疫后取血采用间接ELISA检测Ab3.观察小鼠腹腔积液生成时间、生存期,取脾做流式细胞分析CD4+、CD8+.结果在宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)成功诱导表达出微抗体,Western blot结果表明微抗体可同时与COC166-9(6B11的一抗)及羊抗人的IgG1反应.竞争抑制ELISA表明微抗体可模拟原始抗原与一抗结合.微抗体免疫小鼠后可诱导产生Ab3,在末次免疫14 d时最高,持续6周降至对照组水平;CD4+/CD8+在末次免疫13 d达最高值.对照组和微抗体治疗组小鼠分别在(37.7±5.5)d和(48.6±14.3)d长出血性腹腔积液(P=0.04);两组小鼠生存期分别为(42.5±1.8)d和(59.4±16.8)d(P=0.011).结论微抗体保留了6B11scFv和人IgG的双重免疫学活性,达到了部分人源化的目的,并有满意的免疫原性,可诱导小鼠产生特异性体液免疫反应,抑制荷瘤小鼠腹腔积液的生成,延长生存期,或许将来可作为卵巢癌疫苗用于临床.     

日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特抗体NP30对山羊的保护性免疫作用

目的 观察日本血吸虫克隆抗独特型抗体ＮＰ３０主动免疫对山羊的保护性免疫作用。方法 将２２只山羊随机分为两组：（１）实验组：１２只,每只山羊 ＮＰ３０的免疫剂量为１０００μｇ／次,后腿肌肉注射,连续免疫３次,最后１一８周进行尾蚴攻击。（２对照组：１０只,肌肉注射ＳＰ２／０４腹水。尾蚴攻击感染后第１２ 睛死。结果 ＮＰ３０主动免疫山羊可放 减虫率,肝组织减弱率为３５．８３％,粪减卵率为２５％,并可明显     

Mucosal administration of alpha-fodrin inhibits experimental Sjögren's syndrome autoimmunity

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of mucosal administration of alpha-fodrin in inhibition of autoimmunity in Sj?gren's syndrome (SS). METHODS: Thirty-four 4-week-old NOD mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: to be immunized by nasal administration of alpha-fodrin 1 microg/dose and 10 microg/dose respectively every two days (experimental groups), and phophate-buffered saline (PBS) or glutathion2 S-tansferase4 (GST) (control groups). The weekly volume of water drinking was calculated. The salivary flow was maintained. Serum samples were obtained to detect the anti-SSA, anti-SSB, RF, ANA, anti- -fodrin and anti-type 3 muscarinic acetylcholie receptor polypeptide (M3RP) by immunofluorescence or ELISA. The cytokines of IFN-gamma and IL-10 were measured with ELISA. The salivary glands were examined by HE staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ T cells. RESULTS: The titers of anti- -fodrin antibody and M3RP antibody of the mice immunized with-fodrin were lower than those of the 2 control groups (all P < 0.05), however, there was not significant differences between these two a-fodrin immunized groups. Five of the 8 mice in the GST group, 5 mice in the PBS group, 2 mice in the alpha-fodrin 1 microg/dose group, and 3 mice in the alpha-fodrin 10 microg/dose showed ANA positive. The serum IFN-gamma levels in the mice of alpha-fodrin 1 microg/dose and 10 microg/dose groups, PBS group, and GST group were (42 +/- 16), (37 +/- 15), (87 +/- 18), and (72 +/- 11) pg/ml respectively, those of the fodrin groups being significantly lower than those of the control groups (all P < 0.05). There were not significant differences in the level of serum IL-10 among these four groups. The numbers of Foxp3+ CD4 CD25+ regulatory T cells were higher in the fodrin groups than in the PBS and GST control groups (all P < 0.05). The lymphocytic infiltration and expression of alpha-fodrin were decreased in the alpha-fodrin administrated groups. The volume of water drinking of the alpha-fodrin 1 microg/dose group, alpha-fodrin 10 microg/dose group, PBS group, and GST group were (39.2 +/- 2.1), (40.4 +/- 2.5), (49.3 +/- 3.1), and (51.6 +/- 2.8) ml respectively. CONCLUSION: Mucosal administration of alpha-fodrin effectively inhibits the progression of experimental Sj?gren's syndrome autoimmunity.     

细菌脂多糖、脂蛋白和DNA对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞体外激活的协同作用

目的 通过体外实验,从受体水平观察细菌脂多糖(LPS)、细菌脂蛋白(BLP)和细菌DNA对肺泡巨噬细胞的协同刺激效应及其可能机制。方法 分离培养小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞,随机将细胞分为7组,分别为LPS组、CpG-ODN组、BLP组、LPS CpG-ODN组、LPS BLP组、LPS CpG-ODN BLP组和培养基对照组。刺激6h后,收集上清和细胞,上清用于TNF-α检测,细胞用于提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR检测主要模式识别受体(PRRs)CD14、SR、TTLR2、TLR4,TLR9的表达。结果 LPS、BLP和CpG-ODN不仅体外能协同增加肺泡巨噬细胞释放TNF-α等细胞因子,而且具有协同增强效应细胞表面模式识别受体的表达,以三者同时存在时,协同作用最强。结论 细菌内毒素、细菌脂蛋白和细菌DNA在体外不仅能上调相互的模式识别受体,而且具有协同增强其他细菌结构成分对相应受体的刺激作用。     

Analysis of Specific Th1/Th2 Helper Cell Responses and IgG Subtype Antibodies in Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibody Treated Mice with Autoimmune Cardiomyopathy

The cytokine repertoire of ADP/ATP carrier-specific humoral immune responses and the cytokine-dependent anti-ADP/ATP carrier antibody IgG subclasses were examined in a cohort of ADP/ATP carrier-immunized BALB/c mice treated with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. Eighteen male BALB/c mice （6–8 weeks old） were randomized into 3 groups： dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） group, DCM-tolerance （Tol） group and control group. The mice in DCM group were immunized with the peptides derived from human ADP/ATP carrier protein for 6 months and mice in the control group were sham-immunized, while the mice in DCM-Tol group were immunized with ADP/ATP carrier protein and anti-CD4 McAb simultaneously. Serum autoantibody against ADP/ATP carrier and IgG subclasses were measured by ELISA, intracellular cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 of Th cells were moni- tored with flow cytometry, and splenic T cell cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 were detected by using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results showed that the autoantibody against ADP/ATP carrier was found in all mice in DCM group, and the antibody level, serum IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses, cytokines in T cells and Th cells were all elevated in DCM group, as compared with those in control group （P〈0.01）. On the other hand, in DCM-Tol group, the autoantibody level and contents of all the cytokines were significantly different from those in DCM group （P〈0.01）, and were close to those in control group. And the levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 were influenced, to varying degrees, by anti-CD4 McAb as compared with those in DCM group. All these four types of IgG subclasses were substantially decreased in DCM-Tol group as compared with DCM group. It is concluded that the treatment with anti-CD4 McAb could prevent the activation of T cells, reverse the abnormal secretion of cytokines and the imbalance between Th1/Th2 cell subsets and abnormal production of autoantibody against ADP/ATP carrier, and eventually avoid myocardial injuries.     

Echinococcus granulosus 14-3-3 protein: a potential vaccine candidate against challenge with Echinococcus granulosus in mice

Objective To investigate the protective immunity against Echinococcus granulosus in mice immunized with rEg14-3-3.Methods ICR mice were subcutaneously immunized three times with rEg14-3-3,followed by the challenge with Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces intraperitoneally and then sacrificed after six months of post-challenge to detect the proliferation of splenocytes by MTT assay,and to measure the secretion of IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,and IFN -γ by ELISA.The rate of reduced hydatid cyst and the levels of IgE,IgG and IgG subclasses in sera were examined.Results Mice vaccinated with rEg14-3-3 and challenged with protoscoleces revealed significant protective immunity of 84.47％.ELISA analysis indicated that the immunized mice generated specific high levels of IgG and the prevailing isotypes of IgG were IgG1 and IgG2a,Splenocytes from mice immunized with rEg14-3-3 showed a significant proliferation response.The secretion of IFN-y and IL-2 increased significantly in the vaccinated mice whereas there was no significant difference in IL-4 and IL-10 levels between vaccinated and control mice.Conclusion The results indicate that the rEg14-3-3 vaccine could induce a high level of protective immunity as a promising vaccine candidate to prevent cystic echinococcosis.