胆红素结石病兔模型的粘液组织化学研究

作者通过胆红素结石病兔模型,用粮液组织化学方法对胆红素结石成石过程中硫酸粘多糖的来源、性质、含量与分布进行了动态对比观察,发现胆囊及胆管粘膜下的腺体增生和分泌亢进是感染条件下色素石成石机制中的一种基本病理改变,且与人类胆红素结石病人肝胆系统病理改变极为相似。     

并发于肝胆管结石的肝胆管癌的组织发生

通过10例肝胆管结石并发肝胆管癌及75例肝胆管结石病的组织结构及粘液组化观察发现;肝胆管癌的癌组织富于唾液酸粘液,胆石病异型增生的上皮及腺体分别与胆管乳头状腺癌及管状腺癌在形态结构、粘液性质与分布上有相似之处,提示乳头状腺癌及管状腺癌可能分别发源于胆管上皮及腺体,后者为胆石引起的肝胆管癌的主要组织来源。     

粘液糖蛋白在胆石形成过程中的作用及其在胆管癌中变化的研究

应用7种凝集素(Con A,WGA,UEA,PNA,BSL,RCA,PSA)及 CEA 单克隆抗体对15例正常胆管、13例不同发育阶段的胎儿胆管、100例肝胆管结石病肝胆管及9例伴发的肝胆管癌进行免疫组化标记,同时结合粘液组化试验,对肝胆管结石病及胆管癌发生发展过程中胆管上皮在粘液分泌功能与性质、糖基组成及抗原表达等诸方面变化进行观察,旨在阐明胆石发生的病理基础及胆管癌的组织发生并寻找对诊断有     

多处肝切除治疗复杂肝胆管结石病临床效果观察

<正>肝胆管结石病在普外科有较高发病概率,临床以结石沿肝内胆管树分布(呈节段性)为主要病理特征,受累肝局部可有胆管癌、胆道狭窄、肝脓肿、肝实质萎缩发生,肝切除对毁损的肝实质、病变胆管、结石等均有清除作用,为目前有效治疗肝胆管结石病的方案[1]。单侧肝胆管左叶或右叶结石采用肝切除术治疗,具较高安全性,预后理想,但需对切除半肝特别是右半肝的适应证严格把握,肝胆管累及二叶或二叶以上的结石病,症状多复杂,明显增加了应对难度,多处肝切除疗     

肝胆管结石外科治疗若干问题的探讨

肝胆管结石病是指原发性肝内胆管的结石病，是常见病和难治性胆道疾病。在高发地区，肝胆管结石右：结石性胆道疾病中发病率可达80％以上，肝胆管结石以其病变广泛，病情复杂，并发症发生率高，复发率高为特点。因此，如何提高对肝胆管残余结石的治疗效果，掌握好手术时机，选择合理有效的手术治疗方案，有效地降低肝胆管结石造成的高病死率，已是当前肝胆管结石治疗的突出问题。     

肝胆管结石病130例临床分析

目的总结肝胆管结石病的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析从1996年1月-2005年12月130例肝胆管结石病外科治疗的术式选择和治疗效果。其中肝胆管切开取石T管引流术47例，肝胆管切开取石＋胆肠吻合术39例，肝部分切除术28例，肝门部胆管切开成形＋胆肠吻合术16例。结果114例得到随访，随访6个月-10年，术后优良率及残石率分别为：肝胆管切开取石T管引流术67．57％、54．05％，肝胆管切开取石＋胆肠吻合术78．38％、32．43％，肝部分切除术96．15％、7．69％，肝门部胆管成形＋胆肠吻合术85．71％、14．29％，总优良率79．82％、残石率31．58％。结论充分利用现代诊疗手段，对病情做出正确判断，选择合理的手术方式，是提高肝胆管结石病治疗效果的关键。     

肝胆管结石合并肝胆管癌研究进展

肝内胆管结石合并肝胆管癌发生率为 0 .36%～ 1 0 % ,从肝叶切除的病例统计 ,则肝胆管癌的检出率较高[1,2 ] ,这与治疗对象、诊断方法、随诊时间长短有关。胆管癌病例中胆管结石伴发率为 2 6%～48% [3 ] ,提示胆管结石与肝胆管癌的发生关系密切。1　肝胆管癌与胆石症的相关性胆管癌常包绕胆石 ,沿含结石胆管壁向周围广泛侵润。镜下见癌周肝胆管呈慢性增殖性胆管炎改变 ,胆管上皮及管壁腺体异形增生 ,并有移行为肝胆管癌的连续性变化。病史 >1 0年时 ,肝管上皮异形增生率达 2 7%。胆管异形增生系癌前病变的其它证据为 [4～ 6] :( 1 )肝管上皮…     

纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石106例临床分析

目的总结纤维胆道镜在肝胆管结石术中术后治疗中的经验。方法回顾性分析106例肝胆管结石病人术中、术后利用纤维胆道镜检查、取石治疗的临床资料。结果86例肝胆管结石病人术中结石取尽率82.56%(71/86),20例肝胆管结石病人术后经T管窦道的结石取尽率为85%(17/20)。结论肝胆管结石术中常规应用纤维胆道镜有助于指导治疗,减少胆管残石,术后经T管窦道应用纤维胆道镜技术可有效清除胆管残石,降低残石率和再手术率。     

肝胆管结石病的诊断与治疗方案选择

肝胆管结石病是指位于左、右肝管分叉部以上的胆管结石,即原发性肝内胆管结石。研究大多认为肝内胆管结石主要以胆红素类结石为主。但近年来发现,肝内胆管的胆固醇结石越来越多,而且无论是否存在胆道感染或梗阻,这些结石都可发生。肝胆管病变特点是：①结石沿肝内病变胆管树呈区域性分布;②常合并病变胆管树的多重狭窄;③肝脏增生一萎缩综合征;④病程晚期继发肝胆管癌;⑤长期反复发作的胆道梗阻和（或）感染,以受累肝叶或肝段为单位呈局限性分布的不可逆性损害。     

应进一步提高我国肝胆管结石症外科的诊疗水平

应进一步提高我国肝胆管结石症外科的诊疗水平刘永雄近４０年来，对肝胆管结石病的病理实质，临床发病特点、病程演变，肝胆系统和全身性变化在不同病理发展阶段的表现等方面的认识以及对它的定位诊断、外科治疗的措施，在一批老专家的带领下，我们共同创造和积累了高水平...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.