北京市20年新生儿疾病筛查回顾性分析

目的 分析北京市1989-2009年新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减退症(CH)和苯丙酮尿症(PKU)的筛查结果,为进一步提高新生儿疾病筛查的管理水平及干预措施提供依据.方法 采集出生72 h后、正常哺乳的新生儿足跟血于特定滤纸上,进行CH及PKU筛查.PKU筛查检测指标为血苯丙氨酸(Phe)浓度,分别采用细菌抑制法(1989-2003年)和荧光法(2004-2009年);CH筛查检测指标为血促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,分别采用放免法(1989-2003年)及时间分辨荧光免疫分析法(DELFIA)(2003-2009年).结果 1989-2009年,北京市共筛查新生儿1745 998名,筛查率由1989年的14.01%提高到2009年98.16%,可疑患儿复诊率由1991年的65.85%提高到2009年的92.18%,共确诊CH 482例,发病率1:3622;PKU 192例,发病率1:9094.结论 新生儿疾病筛查是包括管理、筛查、随访、诊治、评估、教育等多个环节的系统服务工程,各部门的协调配合是提高筛查管理质量的有效措施,完善的新生儿疾病筛查工作可有效降低残疾儿的发生.     

2008-2012年陕西省新生儿疾病筛查中心筛查结果分析

目的 分析陕西省新生儿疾病筛查中心筛查结果,探讨当地苯丙酮尿症（PKU）及先天性甲状腺功能减低症（CH）的发病情况.方法 2008-2012年陕西省新生儿疾病筛查中心对新生儿采用荧光分析法检测滤纸干血斑中苯丙氨酸（Phe）浓度;采用时间分辨免疫荧光分析法（Tr-FIA）检测滤纸干血斑中促甲状腺激素（TSH）的浓度.回顾分析PKU及CH检出情况、发病率及治疗随访情况.结果 2008-2012年共筛查新生儿213 392名,每年筛查的新生儿数分别为34 656、47 670、47 485、45 443、38 138名.初筛阳性可疑PKU 1003例,CH 2179例;召回复查,5年间PKU复查率由79.0％上升至96.1％;CH由91.5％上升至99.4％.经筛查共确诊PKU 29例,发病率1∶7358;确诊CH 80例,发病率1∶2667.结论 通过新生儿疾病筛查可以做到早诊断、早治疗,避免因PKU、CH导致终生残疾,有利于提高出生人口质量.     

贵州省2010—2015年新生儿主要遗传代谢病筛查结果分析

目的分析贵州省2010—2015年新生儿遗传代谢病筛查数据,了解主要疾病发病率及特点。方法收集贵州省2010—2015年各地区新生儿遗传代谢病筛查的结果,描述活产新生儿筛查率、可疑阳性儿召回率、各新生儿遗传代谢病筛查中心年检测量,并对先天性甲状腺功能低下(CH)和苯丙酮尿症(PKU)的发病率进行统计学分析。结果贵州省6年间有1 811 085名新生儿参加CH和PKU筛查,筛查率70.03%,可疑阳性儿召回率77.52%,均低于国家平均水平。贵阳市筛查率超出100.00%,PKU召回率高于CH,各新生儿遗传代谢病筛查中心年检测量间存在较大差异。CH发病率0.327‰(593/1 811 085),PKU发病率0.030‰(54/1 811 085),均低于国家平均水平。CH总体呈负增长,PKU相对稳定。结论贵州省CH和PKU发病存在地域差异,但均不是高发地区。应进一步扩大新生儿遗传代谢病筛查普及范围,提高可疑阳性儿召回率。     

宁夏2007—2010年新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症和苯丙酮尿症筛查情况分析

目的分析宁夏新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)和苯丙酮尿症(PKU)的筛查和治疗情况。方法 2007年8月至2010年12月宁夏新生儿疾病筛查中心对新生儿采用时间分辨荧光免疫法测定促甲状腺素浓度,采用荧光免疫法测定苯丙氨酸浓度。回顾性分析CH和PKU检出率和治疗情况。结果 2007—2010年共筛查新生儿70491名,每年筛查的新生儿数分别为2154、9496、10841、47680名。共确诊CH17例,治疗13例,患病率0.24‰,治疗率76.5%;确诊PKU23例,治疗20例,患病率0.33‰,治疗率87.0%。结论宁夏新生儿疾病筛查工作近几年发展较快,筛查人数逐年增加,新生儿疾病筛查可使患儿得到早期诊治。     

西安市先天性甲状腺功能减退症流行病学特征及影响因素分析

目的 探讨西安市先天性甲状腺功能减退症（CH）流行病学特征及发病相关影响因素,为制订干预措施提供依据。方法 收集西安市新生儿疾病筛查中心2020年1月1日至2021年12月31日新生儿CH筛查数据,采用病例对照研究方法,对病例组及对照组患儿基础资料、临床特征等相关资料进行单因素分析,从单因素分析中筛选部分差异有统计学意义的变量,纳入多因素Logistic回归方程分析。结果 2020—2021年共筛查新生儿148 250人,确诊CH 104例。多元Logistics回归分析表明孕周长、母亲受教育程度高、出生体重较大为CH的保护因素（P<0.05）,出生季节为冬季、母孕期甲状腺疾病、母亲高龄、胎次或产次多、剖宫产或阴道助产是CH的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 西安市CH发病率与中国碘充足地区发病率基本一致,近年来西安市CH筛查率不断提高。母亲的个人因素及环境因素影响新生儿CH的发病,建议育龄期妇女做好孕前准备、孕期保健,提高人口质量。     

连云港地区新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症及苯丙酮尿症筛查分析

目的 探讨连云港地区新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减退症（CH）及苯丙酮尿症（PKU）发病及分布特征。方法 采集生后72h新生儿155091例足跟血于干血滤纸片上。PKU采用盖氏细菌抑制法测血苯丙氨酸（Phe）水平、CH采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）或时间分辨荧光免疫法（TRFIA）测促甲状腺素（TSH）作为筛查指标。结果 确诊CH患儿64例，发病率4．126／万（1：2423）：经甲状腺核素显像41例，其中甲状腺异常23例（56％）；64例分布在全市的4县3个城区的45个乡镇（街道），男女性别和城乡发病率均无差异（P均〉0．05），发现1对双胞胎CH患儿；确诊苯丙酮尿症患儿15例，发病率为0．967／万（1：10339）：以上患儿父母未见近亲结婚和显性遗传家族史，母孕期正常，经干预治疗，患儿身体和智力发育与同龄儿比较无显著差异。结论 CH、PKU在连云港地区呈散发性分布，进行新生儿筛查是发现CH、PKU的唯一有效手段。     

广州市18年新生儿先天性甲低苯丙酮尿症和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症筛查

目的 探讨广州市新生儿先天性甲低、苯丙酮尿症和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)缺乏症筛查方法及其对遗传代谢缺陷病的控制作用.方法 收集广州市新生儿出生3 d时的足跟血滤纸干血斑标本,检测促甲状腺素(TSH)筛查先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH);检测苯丙氨酸(Phe)检出持续性高苯丙氨酸血症(PHPA),筛查苯丙酮尿症(PKU)和四氢生物蝶呤缺乏症(BH4D);检测红细胞G6PD活性筛查G6PD缺乏症.凡筛查阳性者按疾病诊疗常规进行确诊和治疗,将检出的CH和PHPA作为筛查干预组.将未经过新生儿筛查出现症状才就诊、临床诊断CH和PKU的患儿做为对照组.结果 1989年4月至2007年6月共筛查新生儿945 372名,检出CH 331例,PHPA 29例,G6PD缺乏症39 700例.结果 显示CH发病率为1∶2 856, PHPA为1∶32 599,G6PD缺乏症达1∶23.81.总发病率为4.24%.CH和PHPA共360例,治疗随访357例,治疗率99.2%.PHPA全部免费治疗.平均开始治疗日龄20 d,4～6岁时IQ或0～3岁DQ测定智能正常(IQ或DQ≥90)者320例(89.6%),低于正常(70≤IQ或DQ<90)者36例(10.1%), 智能残疾 (IQ或DQ<70)者1例(0.3%).对照组开始治疗年龄平均3岁,智能残疾26例,筛查组的智能发育明显好于对照组.结论 新生儿代谢病筛查是遗传代谢缺陷病的一种早期诊断和早期防治方法,对检出的CH、PKU进行早期有效治疗,可保持脑和智能发育正常,预防智能性残疾.     

富阳市新生儿疾病筛查14554例资料分析

先天性甲状腺功能低下症（CH）和苯丙酮尿症（PKU）是较常见的内分泌疾病，对儿童智力发育有严重的影响，由于这两种疾病在早期症状不典型，不易引起家长的注意，故常造成诊断和治疗的延误。因此，早期诊断是治疗CH和PKU的关键所在。我市自2001年7月起开展新生儿疾病筛查工作，现将2002～2004年新生儿疾病筛查情况分析如下。     

苯丙酮尿症48例

目的探讨泰安地区新生儿苯丙酮尿症(PKU)的发病率及致病基因携带率。方法应用Guthrie细菌抑制法,对苯丙氨酸(phe)水平>20 mg/L的患儿进一步复查,作四氢生物蝶呤(BH4)负荷实验、尿蝶呤分析、二氢蝶啶还原酶活性检测,以此鉴别四氢生物蝶呤缺乏症(BH4D)。免费给予低phe饮食和药物治疗,定期检测血phe水平及体格和智能发育。结果共筛查355 615例新生儿,确诊PKU 48例,PKU在泰安地区发病率为1/7408,致病基因携带者为1/48。PKU患儿体能和智能发育各项指标与正常儿童均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。结论新生儿PKU的筛查及早期治疗,是减少出生缺陷、提高人口素质的重要措施之一。     

新生儿疾病筛查工作的调查分析

新生儿疾病筛查(以下简称新筛)工作在我市已全面开展。几年来,我区妇幼保健所在市、区卫生局的领导下,在市妇幼保健所的正确指导下,辖区内4家助产机构开展了新生儿代谢性疾病的筛查工作,主要筛查先天性甲状腺功能低下(CH)和苯丙酮尿症(PKU)2种疾病。在2003年此项工作开展初期,由于管理网络和管理制度不健全,新筛率达不到60%,而且筛查质量得不到保证。2004年以后,市妇幼保健所成立了新生儿疾病筛查中心,管理网络和管理制度逐步建全,逐步建立起良好的新生儿疾病筛查质量保证体系。到2005年末,全区新筛率已达到99.17%,新生儿疾病筛查质量有了…     

中国新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下症与苯丙酮尿症筛查22年回顾

目的 总结我国开展新生儿筛查的情况,探讨我国新生儿筛查中存在的问题和对策.方法 回顾性分析我国新生儿筛查的发展历史、模式、筛查方法 、治疗随访与患病率等临床资料.结果我国新生儿筛查从1985年开始全面开展,筛查和治疗主要分为3种模式,目前筛查覆盖率还较低.1985至2006年共有13 229 242例新生儿参加了先天性甲状腺功能低下症(CH)的筛查,检出患儿6505例,患病率为49.2/10万,同时对13 666 750例新生儿进行了苯丙酮尿症(PKU)筛查,检出患儿1170例,患病率为8.6/10万.全国CH患病率呈上升趋势,且西部地区患病率较高,而全国PKU患病率相对较稳定.结论新生儿筛杏是预防CH和PKU患儿智力和体格发育落后的关键.应进一步提高新生儿筛查的覆盖率、筛查率和治疗率,加强健康教育,普及新生儿筛查知识,积极探索筛查新技术.     

Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria in China

Background  Neonatal screening is helpful to prevent serious disabitily and sufferings caused by congenital or inherited disease. This study was to review the status of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and phenylketonuria (PKU) in China. Methods  We analyzed data of neonatal screening for CH and PKU in the past two decades which were obtained from the national network of neonatal screening centers collected by the National Center for Clinical Laboratory. Results  Of 18.8 million newborns screened from 1985 to 2007, 9198 were identified with CH, giving a prevalence of 1/2047. In 19.0 million newborns screened in the same period, 1638 had PKU, with a prevalence of 1/11 572. An increasing number of neonates have been subjected to neonatal screening in China annually during this period. Data from Zhejiang Neonatal Screening Center showed that the recall rate of neonates suspected with CH and PKU was 95.52% in 2007. Confirmatory tests were performed and treatments were initiated in most of the neonates with CH and PKU within a month after birth. Conclusions  More governmental support at different levels is needed to make neonatal screening more efficient. The screening should be improved with a satisfactory control system including shorter time of report and a higher recall rate.     

Cost/benefit study of the neonatal detection of phenylketonuria and hypothyroidism

The medical importance of an early screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been recognized for a long time. However, only rare cost-benefit analysis have been reported. A comparison between the cost of identification and care of PKU and CH patients and the expenditure for the care of untreated retarded patients has been established on the basis of the activity of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais regional screening centre and of patient's families interviews. The present analysis yields a cost-benefit ratio of 6.5 for PKU and 12.2 for CH prophylaxis. However cost-benefit varies depending on the economical partner: patient's family, Social Security or Administration. The present model may also be useful cost-benefit calculation when new tests will be planned to be introduced in the national neonatal screening programme.     

Economic evaluation of neonatal screening for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the costs and benefits of neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Neonatal screening for PKU and CH is common throughout the developed world. It represents a model of preventive care in that the screening procedure is simple and intellectual disability is otherwise irreversible. Changes in treatment and care, and in particular the advent of maternal PKU, require regular evaluation of a programme that also impacts on a large healthy population. METHOD: Costs of screening were based on the programme provided within Western Australia. Costs averted were derived using patterns of care currently adopted in Western Australia and applied according to historical patterns of intellectual disability for each condition. RESULTS: A net saving of dollar A2.9 million is attributable to the programme annually. The economic benefits derive from the prevention of intellectual disability which otherwise incurs costs throughout the life of the affected individual. Maternal PKU represented a minor proportion of overall costs. Sensitivity analysis showed that the cost savings were robust, given changes in the levels of intellectual disability, but varied according to the discount rate. The result of a net saving was evident under all assumptions. CONCLUSION: Neonatal screening for PKU and CH is a cost saving use of resources and the emergence of maternal PKU has not had a significant effect on the economic outcomes.     

A Chinese family with phenylketonuria and maternal phenylketonuria detected by family screening

A 16-year-old boy with classical phenylketonuria (PKU) and mild mental retardation (IQ 69) was detected by the screening of mentally retarded school children in Taiwan with Guthrie's bacterial inhibition assay. The follow-up family study showed that one of his married elder sisters suffered from borderline mental retardation (IQ 75) and was also diagnozed as a classical case of PKU. She had borne one boy and one girl, both suffering from mild mental retardation, microcephaly, delay in linguistic development and severe growth retardation. This is the first known Chinese family with maternal PKU. To prevent future mental retardation caused by maternal PKU, the simultaneous establishment of a register system with a neonatal screening programe, is indicated for the follow-up of PKU girls, screening of the whole family of newly discovered PKU cases, and to exclude unrecognized maternal PKU in women who have given birth to a microcephalic child.Abbreviations PKU phenylketonuria - WAIS Wechsler adult intelligence scale - CCDI Chinese children development inventory     

Evaluation of the detection of phenylketonuria and hypothyroidism at the Lille Regional Center

During the past 20 years, neonatal screening for metabolic diseases has been developed and implemented in the Nord-Pas de Calais region. The regional centre (established in 1972) has screened more than 1,000,000 babies for phenylketonuria (PKU) and more than 700,000 for congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Ninety-two PKU and 182 CH patients were discovered and treated. The recent introduction of a computerised system for the clerical works in the centre has allowed a systematic survey of some parameters linked to the screening practices: collection, handling and follow-up of samples. The analysis of these parameters showed that 50% of samples were collected on the 5th day of life but 35% were collected after that date, and that 4.7% of specimen reached the laboratory 10 days or more after the day of collection. These delays can introduce a significant delay in the final diagnosis of affected children. The average age at which the diagnosis was suspected was 12.2 days in PKU and 20.6 days in CH. The difference was not only explained by the technical delay for TSH measurement but also by a later date of sampling. This observation suggests that, if blood collection was performed before nursery discharge, there were some pathologic factors justifying a later discharge. Of the control specimen (second test) which have been requested, 16% were not received; this represents a high risk of missing a case.     

Newborn phenylketonuria (PKU) Guthrie (BIA) screening and early hospital discharge

Recent policies of early discharge of postpartum mothers and their infants has raised concerns of possible decreased sensitivity in Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay (BIA) phenylketonuria (PKU) screening resulting in missed cases. In order to assess the potential impact of early discharge from hospital on neonatal screening for PKU and its variants, we performed 18 standard BIA screening tests on 11 newborn infants with the disease. Blood spot samples were collected from 1 to 24 h after birth and were analyzed at the Ontario Ministry of Health newborn screening laboratory according to the routine screening protocol. Except for one 4-hour postnatal sample from an infant with ‘non-PKU mild hyperphenylalaninemia’ (MHP) all blood samples showed phenylalanine levels ≥240 μmol/l, irrespective of the age of the baby. During our 29 year experience with neonatal PKU screening (3.9 million infants tested), employing a cutoff blood phenylalanine of 240 μmol/l in blood spots obtained at ≥24 h of age, only two biological false negative (one confirmed) tests were discovered in infants subsequently shown to have classical PKU; another three false negative tests were discovered in sibs of infants with MHP. The sensitivity of the screening test was 99.2% for infants with classical and mild PKU. Ascertainment of patients with MHP is unknown and is very likely incomplete. Over a 3-year period (1992–1994) the specificity of the test was 99.9% for those screened after 24 h. The positive predictive value was 12.8%. Although early discharge may have an impact on other screened diseases, we conclude, from our studies, that early discharge may not affect the detection of infants with classical and mild (atypical) PKU, but would probably increase the number of infants with MHP missed using the BIA and a cutoff level of 240 μmol/l. Because of our experience and that of others, we recommend that neonates be at least 12 h of age before initial BIA PKU screening be carried out. To confirm this recommendation further prospective studies should be initiated.     

南京地区1998-2009年新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查及治疗随访结果分析

目的 总结并分析1998年1月- 2009年12月南京地区新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)的筛查结果.方法 采集出生72 h新生儿442 454例的足跟血滴于滤纸上,采用时间分辨免疫法测定滤纸血斑促甲状腺激素(TSH),阳性者召回进一步测定静脉血TSH、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)以明确诊断.确诊者立即开始予左旋甲状腺素片(4.3～12.0μg·kg-1·d-1)替代治疗,定期监测其甲状腺功能,测量其身高、体质量,其中68例患儿子智力测试,以评估疗效.结果 12 a共筛查442 454人,确诊CH 183例,发病率为0.41‰,对117例进行随访.初始治疗时间的中位数为18 d(7～67d),初始左旋甲状腺素的平均剂量为7.35 μg·kg-1·d-1.CH患儿的身高、体质量结果基本达到正常参照标准.盖泽尔婴幼儿发展量表(GESELL)测试结果显示1例智能发育落后,8例智能发育迟缓.T4、FT4的治疗前水平与患儿的GESELL测试总分、适应性及精细运动均呈正相关(Pa＜0.05).结论 经筛查确诊的CH患儿,应尽可能早地进行激素替代治疗,可有效改善其预后.因此新生儿筛查及随访治疗工作值得推广和完善.     

上海地区遗传代谢病的新生儿筛查(英文)

Objectives Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) has a diverse spectrum and different incidence in different countries, the early diagnosis at presymptomatic stage is imperative to benefic patient from sequelae. Phenylke-tonuria (PKU) / hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the most common metabolism disorder in Shanghai as well as in other regions. The study is to further clarify the incidence of inborn errors of metabolism among newborn in Shanghai. Methods The dried blood spot specimens were collected from near 90 ...     

先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查及治疗效果分析

目的了解先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)的筛查及替代治疗结果。方法回顾性分析2003年7月—2015年7月采用时间分辨荧光免疫法测定新生儿促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平筛查CH的资料;阳性召回的可疑患儿采用化学免疫发光法测定血清甲状腺功能,确诊者予左旋甲状腺素钠替代治疗并定期随访。结果 12年来共筛查新生儿1 228 289例,确诊950例,CH发病率1/1 293。接受正规治疗、随访满2年及以上的635例CH患儿中,488例(76.85%)为永久性CH,147例(23.15%)为暂时性CH。CH患儿随访至1岁和3岁时,体格生长和发育商(DQ)无异常。结论新生儿筛查可早期诊断CH,早期实施替代治疗。