有限切开前臂交锁髓内钉治疗尺桡骨粉碎性骨折

目的探讨应用交锁髓内钉治疗前臂尺桡骨粉碎性骨折的可行性与疗效。方法对15例AO分类B型与C型尺桡骨骨折的患者应用Smith-Nephew交锁髓内钉的方法进行有限切开、复位内固定。结果根据Anderson评分标准,优8例,良5例,可2例,平均骨折愈合时间6～10周,平均8.4周,延迟愈合1例,无骨不连与感染发生,肘关节活动范围丧失10°～30°,丧失15.5°,前臂旋前功能丧失15°～50°,平均20.6°,前臂旋后功能丧失20°～40°,平均31.2°。结论采用有限切开交锁髓内钉的方法是治疗前臂粉碎性骨折的良好选择。     

Stabilization of supra- and intercondylar femoral fractures with retrograde interlocking nailing

Surgical Principles In patients with supracondylar fracture the closed reduction and internal fixation with a medullary pin or nail [1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13] very frequently cause a deformity of the distal end of the femur. A fixation is not possible in the presence of a short distal fragment. In these instances and in intercondylar femoral fractures an angled blade-plate, a dynamic condylar screw, a T- or Y-shaped plate, or an external fixator can be used [6–9, 11]. If there is an instability on the medial side of the fracture, additional cancellous bone grafting is indicated. In spite of adequate postoperative care the plate becomes sometimes loose and due to it a varus deformity results with decreased knee motion. To avoid these complications Henry et al. developed the GSH-nail [3]. The nail is inserted into the medullary canal of the femur through a transarticular approach. The nail has to be locked at the distal and proximal end. If the fracture is comminuted, restoration of the articular surface has to be achieved first. In 1991 we modified this method and developed an appropriate intramedullary nail and an insertion handle.     

国产带瞄准器交锁髓内钉远端锁钉准确性研究

目的 分析瞄准器引导下交锁髓内钉远端锁钉困难的原因,以提高远端锁钉成功率.方法 自2000年2月至2006年6月拆除有瞄准器的国产股骨交锁髓内钉56根,胫骨交锁髓内钉80根;均采取静力型固定,远近端各2枚锁钉.观察其远端髓内钉钻痕的情况,以分析瞄准器的远端锁钉准确性.结果 本组研究发现瞄准器第一次锁钉的成功率不高,股骨髓内钉瞄准器第一次锁钉的成功率为36%,胫骨髓内钉瞄准器第一次锁钉的成功率为65%.结论 交锁髓内钉远端锁钉困难的原因是多方面的.要提高远端锁钉一次成功率,必须重视瞄准器定位孔偏移问题.     

肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗陈旧性肱骨干骨折骨不连

肱骨干骨折愈合延迟和骨不连的发生率较高,研究发现肱骨干骨折内固定术后发生骨不愈合率可达3·6%[1]。我院自2002年6月-2005年4月采用Smith Nephew施乐辉公司的肱骨Russell-Taylor交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折骨不连39例,并对其临床疗效和并发症进行分析。1临床资料本组39例,男21     

Treatment of diaphyseal forearm fracture with interlocking intramedullary nailing: A pilot study

IntroductionThe present study was done to assess the functional outcome and complications of interlocking intramedullary (IM) radius ulna nailing to treat radio-ulna fractures in adults.MethodologyThirty adult patients with diaphyseal or segmental fractures of radius and ulna were included and treated with IM nailing. Grace and Eversmann rating system was used to assess functional evaluation and grip strength was measured using grasp dynamometer.ResultsMean age of the 30 eligible patients was 33.5 years, and males comprised 77% of the study population. Intra-operative complications like nail impaction and proximal screw locking problem for radius was present in one patient each. Increased swelling in three patients (10%) and posterior interosseous nerve palsy in one patient (3%) were observed post-operatively. In the post-operative period, all patients were able to move fingers, had 100° elbow range of motion and good grip strength. Pronation and supination till 80° was present in 80% and 57% of the patients respectively. Wrist flexion and dorsiflexion till 90° was present in 80% and 57% of the patients. Fracture union was confirmed radiologically in all cases at a mean of 3.6 weeks. Functional outcome was excellent in 73% and good in 13%. Grip strength was judged to be excellent in all cases.ConclusionsExcellent and good functional outcomes were obtained in 86%, and no case developed mal-union or delayed union. Based on our results, IM nail for surgical treatment of radial and ulnar diaphyseal fractures can be used.     

肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗陈旧性肱骨干骨折骨不连

肱骨干骨折愈合延迟和骨不连的发生率较高,研究发现肱骨干骨折内固定术后发生骨不愈合率可达3·6%[1]。我院自2002年6月-2005年4月采用Smith+Nephew施乐辉公司的肱骨Russell-Taylor交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折骨不连39例,并对其临床疗效和并发症进行分析。1临床资料本组39例,男21例,女18例;年龄19⁶6岁,平均37·8岁;闭合性骨折34例,开放性骨折5例。致伤原因:交通伤23例,砸伤11例,摔伤5例。39例均为陈旧性骨折,内固定手术后8¹5周骨折无愈合迹象,平均12·6周。本组所采用交锁髓内钉直径7⁹mm,长度为180²60mm。2手术方法臂丛麻醉下,患者     

Femoral shaft fracture callus formation after intramedullary nailing: a comparison of interlocking and Ender nailing

 Intramedullary nailing is widely used for the operative treatment of femoral fractures. Recently, the biologic healing of fractures has become better understood from fundamental investigations. However, there has been no clinical comparison between the fracture healing process with these two fixation methods. The purpose of this study was to use radiographs to compare callus formation with two types of intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures: reamed interlocking (IL) nails and Ender nails. Femoral shaft type A fractures (AO classification) were studied. Twenty-seven fractures were treated with reamed IL nailing, and 81 fractures were treated with Ender nailing. The callus area was calculated from the maximum cross-sectional area on the anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. The callus appeared at a mean of 3.9 weeks after surgery in the IL group, and at a mean of 2.8 weeks in the Ender group (P < 0.05). In the IL and Ender groups, fracture healing was noted at a mean of 3.4 and 2.0 months, respectively. The mean area of callus formation in the IL and Ender nailing groups was 439.5 mm² and 699.4 mm², respectively (P < 0.02). Ender nailing results in abundant callus, which forms at an earlier stage after the procedure than in patients treated with IL nailing. Dynamization at the fracture site is reported to increase external callus formation. Our results indicate that the elasticity of the fixation obtained with Ender nailing promotes callus formation. Received: November 9, 2001 / Accepted: February 13, 2002     

Displaced proximal humeral fractures: intramedullary nailing versus conservative treatment

Introduction A variety of different treatment options are available for displaced three- or four-part fractures. In a retrospective cohort study we evaluated the results of intramedullary nailing with the ACE nail and conservative treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures. Materials and methods Twenty-four patients suffered a neer 4, 5 or 6 proximal humeral fracture who were treated with intramedullary nailing. Sixteen patients received conservative treatment for their Neer 4, 5 or 6 fracture. Results Taking critical remarks in consideration, the results of intramedullary nailing are not very satisfactory compared to the conservative-treated group. However functional results of our operative group are comparable to those from other studies in literature. Conclusion Displaced three- or four-part proximal humeral fractures can be treated by intramedullary nailing. Familiarity with the fracture deformity and experience with the surgical techniques are critical for successful operative treatment outcome. Most complications in the operative treatment group can be avoided; inadequate reduction can lead to wrong insertion place with secondary problems (dislocation and subacromial impingement). Also future improvements in osteosynthesis like angle stable screw fixation (osteoporosis) and minimally invasive device will probably decrease the complication rate.     

Technique for precise placement of poller screws with intramedullary nailing of metaphyseal fractures of the femur and the tibia

Intramedullary nailing is the accepted treatment of femoral and tibial shaft fractures. Improvements in surgical techniques and implant designs have extended indications for nailing to metaphyseal fractures of the proximal tibia, distal tibia and the distal femur. Malalignment can still occur with intramedullary nailing of these fractures. Among many techniques that have been described, the use of a ‘poller screw’ or ‘blocking screw’ is one of the methods that may be used to aid in satisfactory fracture reduction and biomechanical stability. To our knowledge, the use of a Steinman pin as the initial step in poller screw insertion has not been reported in the English literature. We report a new technique of poller screw using Steinman pin localisation with tibial and femoral nailing of metaphyseal fractures.     

肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连

目的介绍应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的经验。方法1997年10月～2001年7月,应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗12例肱骨骨折术后骨不连患者,其中肥大型5例,萎缩型2例,假关节形成5例。受伤至骨不连手术的时间平均为10．5个月(5～33个月)。手术采用开放复位顺行置入髓内钉,锁入远端交锁钉后向近端打拔以使断端加压,自体髂骨及RBX植骨。结果所有患者获平均21个月(9～51个月)随访。12例患者骨不连均获得愈合,平均愈合时间为5．8个月(3．5～8．0个月)。其中1例去除髓内钉后1年于原骨不连部位发生再骨折,重新植骨内固定而获得愈合。11例肩关节及上肢功能恢复良好。所有患者未遗留神经损伤症状。结论肱骨交锁髓内钉为治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的有效方法。     

Retrograde interlocking intramedullary nailing under arthroscopy for supracondylar femoral fracture

ＳＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｒｔｈｏｐｅｄｉｃｓ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＮｉｎｔｈＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＳｅｃｏｎｄＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 11,Ｃｈｉｎａ(ＳｕｎＹＨ ,ＨｏｕＸＫ ,ＷａｎｇＹ ,ＬｉＨａｎｄＹｕＣ)ｕｐｒａｃｏｎｄｙｌａｒｆｅｍｏｒａｌｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｉｓａｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｔｏｄｅａｌｗｉｔｈｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｌｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｌｅｓｓｃｏｒｔｉｃａｌｂｏｎｅｉｎｔｈｉｓａｒｅａ ,ｗｉｄｅｍｅｄｕｌｌａｒｙｃａｖｉｔｙ ,ｆｒ…     

External fixation versus locked intramedullary nailing in tibial shaft fractures: a prospective,randomised study of 78 patients

Introduction We performed a prospective, randomised study to compare the Ex-fi-re external fixator (EF) with locked intramedullary (IM) nailing in tibial fractures. Only fractures without soft-tissue problems of importance were included.Materials and methods Ex-fi-re is a unilateral, dynamic axial fixator with fracture reduction capabilities. The Grosse-Kempf nail was used for nailing. A total of 78 patients with 79 fractures were entered in the study (41 Ex-fi-re, 38 IM nails).Results Time to radiographic union and full weight-bearing did not differ significantly, but unprotected weight-bearing was achieved earlier in the IM group (12 vs 20 weeks; p<0.001). There were more reoperations due to secondary dislocation in the EF group. There were no differences in final angulation or shortening. After 6 months and 1 year there were no differences in knee motion, ankle motion, fracture site pain or ankle pain. Some 64% of the nailed patients complained of anterior knee pain after 1 year.Conclusion The results were comparable in most respects. Unprotected weight-bearing was achieved earlier after IM nailing. Anterior knee pain was frequent after nailing.     

Proximal femoral neck penetration after flexible intramedullary nailing for pediatric femur fractures: a rare complication

Flexible intramedullary nailing is a common method used to treat pediatric femur fractures. Complication rates can be high, but most complications are considered minor and do not result in additional unplanned surgeries. Proximal nail penetration is a complication that has only been described once before. The penetration may be asymptomatic, but is still best to be avoided. Two cases of proximal nail penetration of the femoral neck region during nail insertion are presented. A review of the literature with regard to complications and suggestions for avoidance of proximal nail penetration is offered.     

Medial migration of lag screw after gamma nailing

Fractures of the proximal femur are common in the elderly population. Intramedullary nailing has become the standard treatment for intertrochanteric fractures although several extramedullary implants (e.g. dynamic hip screw (DHS), blade plate, locking compression plate (LCP), etc.) exist. However, despite this being a very common operation in traumatology, there are numerous associated complications. We report the rare complication of the migration of the medial lag screw into the pelvis at five and a half weeks postoperatively. The implant was removed and replaced by a total hip arthroplasty with simultaneous grafting of the acetabular defect and strapping of the greater trochanter. The evolution was favourable. We also present a review of the literature and analyze our case.     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折

目的 总结应用逆行交锁髓内钉（GSH）治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效。方法采用GSH内固定术治疗股骨远端骨折34例。结果34例获6～35个月随访,髓内钉固定理想,骨折对位、对线良好,均获愈合,采用Merchan等膝关节功能评分标准,优31例,良3例。结论 GSH内固定术治疗股骨远端骨折疗效较好,是治疗股骨远端骨折的首选方法。     

Femoral neck fracture following intramedullary nailing with misplacement of an end cup: report of two cases

Femoral neck fracture is an unusual complication of intramedullary fixation of a broken femur. We report on two cases of femoral neck fractures attributed to misplacement of an end cup and subsequent invasive maneuvers in an effort to remove it. Iatrogenic fractures of the femoral neck during or after intramedullary nailing are reported in the medical literature. Authors associate it with many possible technical mistakes performed during the procedure, yet no complications after missed end cup placement were noted. We suggest that the fractures described below were a consequence of injury to the vascular supply and bone stock of the initially intact femoral neck.     

可吸收聚酰胺交锁髓内棒治疗长骨干骨折的实验研究

目的探讨可吸收交锁髓内棒在增强抗折、抗旋转和分离移位、减少成角畸形的程度等方面的作用。方法将聚酰胺髓内棒改进成交锁髓内棒以固定犬胫骨干骨折,观察骨折愈合及并发症情况。结果可吸收交锁髓内棒与金属材料固定骨折后两组间早期负重活动无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后只用石膏外固定4周,“可吸收交锁髓内棒”组除1例外全部自行进行早期负重活动。44.4%骨折能达到解剖复位后愈合,另44.4%骨折能达到成角在10°以内愈合。结论“可吸收交锁髓内棒”有较好的固定犬胫腓骨骨折作用,抗折弯、抗旋转和分离移位作用,能减少成角畸形的程度、缩短辅助外固定的时间。     

交锁髓内钉与加压钢板固定治疗胫骨骨折的疗效对比分析

目的评价交锁髓内钉与加压钢板固定两种疗法治疗胫骨骨折的疗效。方法将108例胫骨骨折患者随机采用交锁髓内钉或加压钢板固定治疗;观察两种方法的疗效、并发症。结果临床疗效:交锁髓内钉组优48例,加压钢板组优39例,x2=4.79,P<0.05;并发症:交锁髓内钉组7例,加压钢板组18例,x2=6.30,P<0.05。结论与加压钢板内固定治疗胫骨骨折相比,交锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨骨折具有创伤小,功能恢复快,固定稳定性好,愈合率高、感染率低等优点,疗效满意,可以作为临床上优选方案之一。     

Surgical outcome of intramedullary nailing in patients with complete atypical femoral fracture: A multicenter retrospective study

BackgroundManagement of atypical femoral fracture on bisphosphonate therapy still remains controversy and is reported high rate of complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of intramedullary nailing in patients with atypical femoral fracture who took bisphosphonate more than one year through the multicenter retrospective study.MethodsWe gathered 75 atypical femoral fractures from seven institutions between 2009 and 2014. Among them 46 atypical femoral fractures which met the inclusion criteria was evaluated in this study. The average age was 70.1 years (53–80) and the average duration of bisphosphonate use was 5.1 years (1–15 years). Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to determine time to union, union rate, need for revision surgery, restoration of ambulatory function, and complications.ResultsTwenty-nine (63%) fractures healed within 6 months without complications. The average time to union except two non-union was 24.9 weeks (11–48 weeks). Two patients (4.3%) underwent revision surgery for non-union and there was no implant failure. Thirty-seven (80.4%) patients achieved their pre-fracture ambulatory function at the final follow up.ConclusionsAlthough the incidence of delayed bone healing is high in atypical femoral fracture on bisphosphonate therapy even treated with intramedullary nailing, the incidence of revision surgery and implant failure was relatively lower than those of extramedullary devices.     

胫骨干骨折髓内钉治疗后膝关节痛的临床研究

目的 通过对胫骨干骨折髓内钉内固定治疗后膝关节痛的临床观察，探讨膝关节痛的发生和病因。方法 回顾性研究我院1997年1月～2002年12月应用髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干骨折的1332例病例。所有病例在骨折愈合后均有一次以上随访，平均随访时间为27个月。结果 共有409例胫骨干骨折术后发生患侧膝关节痛；经髌韧带入路组膝关节痛发生率为31.9％，髌韧带旁入路组为28.9％。结论 髌韧带旁入路不能减少胫骨干骨折髓内钉治疗术后膝关节痛的发生。