难治性颞叶癫痫的外科治疗(附35例临床分析)

目的总结并分析难治性颞叶癫痫患者术前定位、手术方式和经验。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2011年6月,采用颞前叶+海马杏仁核切除术治疗的颞叶癫痫病人35例,其中术前MRI及术后病理证实伴有海马硬化者32例,所有病例术中均在皮层电极监测下切除颞叶皮质及同侧海马、杏仁核,手术后均应用抗癫痫药物治疗,术后随访1～3年。结果在35随访病例中,癫痫发作控制结果显示EngelⅠ级24例,Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级0例。其中有12例病人术后2年逐渐停用抗癫痫药物。结论联合应用VEEG、MRI及EcoG能准确确定致痫灶,提高颞叶癫痫手术疗效。手术方式选择及显微理念的应用,能有效减少术后并发症的发生,避免出现永久性神经功能缺失。     

继发性癫痫的手术治疗

继发性癫痫病因复杂．治疗方法和手段也不尽相同。自2000年7月至2006年5月我们对37例继发性癫痫患者根据病因不同进行不同手术治疗．取得了较好的疗效，现报告如下。     

颞叶癫痫的外科治疗

颞叶癫痫为最常见的顽固性癫痫,是外科治疗的主要对象。本文就近年来有关颞叶癫痫外科治疗的依据和方法及各种手术入路的进展作一综述。     

显微外科治疗颞叶癫痫的疗效分析

目的评价外科治疗难治性颞叶癫痫的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析外科的治疗236例难治性颞叶癫痫患者的临床资料。结果随访2-15年,疗效按Enge]的标准评定,236例中,Ⅰ级159例（67．4％）,Ⅱ级34例（14．4％）,Ⅲ级25例（10．6％）,Ⅳ级18例（7．6％）,总有效率为92.4％,效果优良率为81．8％。无严重并发症及手术死亡病例。结论应用显微外科技术治疗难治性颞叶癫痫是一种安全、有效的方法;对致痫灶的精确定位和正确处理及减少并发症是提高疗效的关键。     

选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗顽固性颞叶癫痫

目的 探讨选择性涨马杏仁核切除术治疗颞叶癫痫的机理、适应征及手术入路。方法 对２０例经ＥＥＧ和ＭＲ诊断为颞叶内侧癫痫病例实施海马杏仁核切除。结果 １０例颞叶癫痫患接受经颞底入路选择性涨马杏仁核切除,另１０例接受经颞极入路海马杏仁核切除。术后随访,所有患癫痫发作控制满意,无手术并发症发生。结论 选择性海马杏仁２核切中通过消除癫痫灶或阻断癫痫环路来治疗颞叶癫痫,深部电极提示有颞叶内侧放电或ＭＲ发现     

颞叶的局部解剖与癫痫的手术治疗（颞叶切除术的？…

目的：复习颞叶的局部解剖，探讨颞叶切除方法的改进。方法：（１）手术技巧的改进：①首先寻找侧脑室颞角；②经颞上回切除颞叶外侧皮质；③在直视下切除颞叶内侧结构（杏仁、海马、钩回及海马旁回等）。（２）在ＥＣｏＧ监测下，反复描记ＥＣｏＧ，尽可能切除致痫组织。结果：满意者３８％，显著改善者占４０％，良好者占１０％，效差６％，无改善者６％。并发症：偏瘫加重１例，无菌性脑膜炎３例，记忆力下降４例，无手术死亡。结     

56例颞叶癫痫外科治疗的疗效观察

近几年来,随着神经影像学及神经电生理检查技术的进步,癫痫的外科治疗也得到了发展.颞叶癫痫占癫痫外科治疗患者的60%以上,且治疗效果较好.我科自1999年4月至2001年11月,对56例颞叶癫痫患者行外科手术治疗,通过3月～3年的随访,疗效满意,现将结果报告如下.     

颞叶新皮质癫痫的手术治疗

目的 总结新皮质颞叶癫痫病人临床特征、手术方法和疗效。方法 对28例新皮质颞叶癫痫病人术前行电生理学、影像学、脑磁图(MEG)定位以及术中皮层和深部电极描记，采取病灶切除加周围皮质切除术、皮质切除术、病灶切除加多处软膜下横切术以及多处软膜下横切术进行治疗，并进行3个月～2年的随访观察。结果 28例颞叶新皮质癫痫经手术和病理证实，其中患胶质增生9例，胶质细胞瘤8例，血管畸形5例，新生儿缺氧性脑损害和外伤后脑膜脑瘢痕3例，灰质异位l例，无结构性病变2例。无手术致残和死亡。随访3～24个月后，根据Engel等人的标准分类，I级16例，Ⅱ级6例，Ⅲ级4例，Ⅳ级2例。结论 根据电生理学、影像学和MEG准确颞叶定位，采取不同术式治疗新皮质颞叶癫痫可达到良好的治疗效果。     

顽固性额叶癫痫的手术治疗

目的 总结与分析顽固性额叶癫痫患者手术治疗的效果和经验。方法 回顾性分析2001年9月到2003年3月在我科接受手术治疗的66例顽固性额叶癫痫病例，统计患者的症状、检查及手术治疗情况，并总结手术体会。结果 手术行额叶癫痫病灶切除 多处软膜下横切(MST)12例。额极切除1例。额叶MST 选择性胼胝体切开 选择性海马杏仁核切除14例，额叶MST 选择性胼胝体切开30例，额叶MST 选择性海马杏仁核切除3例，额叶MST 选择性胼胝体切开 双侧直回内侧切除术2例，单纯MST4例。术后疗效满意49例(74．2％)，显著改善ll例(16．7％)，良好4例(6．1％)，无效2例(3．0％)。结论 顽固性额叶癫痫患者的特点是病情严重，手术效果好。     

Neuropsychological Evaluation before and after Surgical Treatment of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Abstract: We present the results of pre- and postoperative neuropsychological evaluations of 58 :patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent a chronic intracranial EEG monitoring and a subsequent standard anterior temporal lobectomy. Wada's test provided valuable information on the speech dominant side and on the focus lateralization. Some warning signs as well as verbal automatisms indicated the effect for focus localization and lateralization. The results of interictal neuropsychological tests suggested that each subgroup of TLE performed differently. A postoperative neuropsychological performance has improved in many tests that may be explained by the diminished epileptic bombardment resulting from the resection.     

颞叶癫 的EEG和MR术前定位研究

目的：探讨 ＥＥＧ、ＭＲ对颞叶癫癎（ＴＬＥ）术前定位。方法：用 ＭＲ、ＥＥＧ对 ２０例 ＴＬＥ病例进行术前定位,与术中 ＥＥＧ和术后随访结果比较。结果：２０例病例中１７例依据ＭＲ及ＥＥＧ获得定位,主要在海马区域病变１２例,前颞叶５例．另３例ＭＲ检查正常,依据多次ＥＥＧ检查获得定位,随访疗效满意。结论：ＥＥＧ是诊断ＴＬＥ的重要手段,ＭＲ可对继发性ＴＬＥ作出正确诊断,ＭＲ对海马硬化检查可协助ＥＥＧ对ＴＬＥ定位诊断。     

颞叶癫Xian术前综合定位诊断

目的:研究术前对颞叶癫癎不同定位手段的综合应用。方法:采用ＥＥＧ、ＰＥＴ、ＭＲＩ、ＭＲＳ对２４例顽固性颞叶癫癎患者进行术前定位。结果:结合ＥＥＧ,ＭＲＩ,ＭＲＳ,ＰＥＴ对８３%,７９%,８５%病例作出定位;ＥＥＧ结合ＭＲＩ与ＭＲＳ,可对９２%病例作出定位;ＥＥＧ结合ＭＲＩ,ＭＲＳ,ＰＥＴ,可对９６%的病例作出定位。结论:结合ＥＥＧ,综合采用ＭＲＩ,ＭＲＳ,ＰＥＴ等手段可提高对颞叶癫癎术前定位的准确率。     

Cognitive Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Summary:  Cognitive impairment is frequent in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In particular, specific deficits in temporal lobe related functions occur, but deficits in extratemporal lobe functions and global intelligence are also found. The degree and type of the impairment are first determined by structural damage and functionally dynamic factors. Most cognitive problems in TLE are already detectable at, or even before, the onset of the epilepsy. Accumulation of damage during the course of chronic epilepsy may add to this. This additional damage may be caused directly by severe seizures, head trauma, intoxication etc., or indirectly by interference of the epilepsy with mental development. Surgical treatment of TLE may also affect the cognitive outcome of patients with chronic TLE, with a risk of additional impairments on the one hand and functional recovery due to seizure control on the other hand. With regard to patient-associated factors, better baseline performance, younger age, cerebral plasticity, and good mental reserve capacities are associated with a better outcome. With regard to treatment-associated factors, prevention of additional brain dysfunction/damage and successful seizure control are important.     

颞叶癫患者的头颅磁共振显像异常表现分析

目的对颞叶癫(TLE)患者头颅磁共振成像(MRI)异常表现进行分析,为临床诊治TLE提供参考。方法对56例TLE患者的头颅MRI异常表现进行分析总结。结果 56例TLE患者头颅MRI主要表现为海马硬化、颞叶软化灶、颞叶肿瘤、颞叶皮质萎缩等。其中,颞叶肿瘤类型多样,主要为少突胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、脑膜瘤。结论 TLE患者头颅MRI异常表现复杂多样,正确掌握其特点有助于TLE的诊治。     

Cognitive Impairments in Children with Nonidiopathic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Summary:  Ictal and interictal activities occurring in a mature brain can disorganize the neural network activity involved in one or various specific cognitive processes. In children, the situation might be more complex: the epileptic process occurs in a period when the cortex is still maturing and it may interfere with normal cerebral development. Although neural plasticity in children is greater than it is in adults, greater plasticity does not necessarily mean adaptive plasticity. Studies have shown that temporal lobe epilepsy in children is not systematically associated with global mental retardation. However, various difficulties in specific cognitive domains are more often found in children than in patients with adult-onset epilepsy. Language, memory, socioperceptive competence, and also executive functions, which can be impaired by the disruption of the temporofrontal circuit, are among such cognitive functions that need to be evaluated. Early detection of specific deficits is of primary importance for the implementation of appropriate remediation measures.