妊娠期输尿管结石致顽固性肾绞痛9例治疗体会

目的探讨妊娠期输尿管结石致顽固性肾绞痛安全有效的治疗方法。方法本组9例,妊娠7～34周,结石直径4.5～13mm。输尿管上段结石5例,中段2例,下段2例。合并轻度肾积水3例,中段肾积水6例,合并发热3例。均经保守治疗无效。上段结石1例行输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术,2例将结石推入肾盂,留置双J管,2例单纯留置双J管;中下段结石均行输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术。结果9例患者腔内治疗后肾绞痛均缓解,2例单纯留置双J管患者有反复发作的隐痛或钝痛,保守治疗均可缓解。结论应用腔内治疗妊娠期输尿管结合并顽固性肾绞痛安全有效。     

输尿管镜U100激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石合并肾绞痛208例报告

目的探讨输尿管镜U100激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石并肾绞痛的疗效。方法对208例因输尿管结石并肾绞痛患者,采用输尿管镜U100激光下碎石术。结果 3例因结石上移至肾盂,2例因输尿管下段狭窄使输尿管镜无法到达结石部位而导致手术失败;余203例均碎石成功,术后当天肾绞痛缓解。结论输尿管镜U100激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石引起的肾绞痛,是一种安全、有效的方法。     

急诊输尿管镜在复杂性肾绞痛治疗中的应用

肾绞痛是泌尿外科常见急症．复杂性肾绞痛不仅病因诊断不明，且解痉、镇痛等治疗效果也不佳。为尽快明确病因，缓解疼痛，2006年1月至2008年12月，笔者对42例复杂性肾绞痛行急诊输尿管镜下处理，取得满意疗效。现报告如下。     

输尿管结石性肾绞痛的治疗方法选择:附90例报告

目的 探讨输尿管结石性肾绞痛的有效处理方法.方法 回顾性分析我科90 例输尿管结石性肾绞痛的综合治疗情况,手术治疗+ESWL(体外冲击波碎石)组68 例,其中12 例超声诊断输尿管第三狭窄结石患者行ESWL,56 例行急诊输尿管镜手术.保守治疗组22 例肾绞痛患者行保守治疗.结果 手术治疗+ESWL 组病例治疗效果满意,12 例行ESWL 患者中8 例结石排净,4 例碎石后仍有疼痛,经输尿管镜治疗后疼痛消失.56 例经输尿管镜手术患者,48 例行输尿管镜下弹道碎石取石后双J管引流成功,5 例由于输尿管水肿、狭窄导致输尿管镜不能通过,行输尿管导管外引流,其中2 例行ESWL,3 例引流一周后再次输尿管检查+弹道碎石成功,3 例肾绞痛并妊娠,行椎管内麻醉后输尿管镜检查+双J 管内引流.保守治疗组22 例肾绞痛患者不愿意手术行保守治疗,疼痛反复发作,中西药治疗效果欠佳.结论 处理输尿管结石性肾绞痛应根据具体不同的情况进行选择,输尿管镜手术处理输尿管结石性肾绞痛安全有效,可迅速解除患者痛苦,并发症少,在妊娠期也是安全的.     

放置双J管治疗孕妇输尿管结石并发顽固性肾绞痛15例报告

目的 探讨放置双J管治疗孕妇输尿管结石并发肾绞痛的疗效及安全性。方法 2000—2004年行局麻下放置输尿管双J管治疗15例常规方法治疗无效的肾绞痛孕妇。患者年龄23～35岁，平均28岁。初诊时孕周8～26周，平均20周。结石最大径3～15mm。均有典型肾绞痛症状，经解痉镇痛治疗无效。结果 15例患者在膀胱镜或输尿管镜下逆行置入输尿管双J管后肾绞痛症状均缓解。其中2例双J管自动滑出，反复置管2～3次。3例存在患侧腰区轻度不适，1例出现间歇性肉眼血尿。无产科并发症。15例孕妇均顺利足月分娩。分娩后，6例发现结石自行排出，6例行输尿管镜激光碎石术，3例行体外冲击波碎石术治疗。15例患者双J管留置时间3～7个月，平均5个月。结论 对于保守治疗不能缓解的输尿管结石并发肾绞痛孕妇，置人输尿管双J管是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

妊娠期肾积水的诊治（附87例报告）

目的：探索妊娠期合并肾积水的原因和治疗方法。方法：87例妊娠合并肾积水患者中69例（79％）采用内科保守治疗,11例（12％）采用膀胱镜下输尿管置管,8例（9％）输尿管镜术＋弹道碎石的方法治疗。结果：87例中肾绞痛症状均得到缓解,肾盂积水不同程度减少,86例治疗后顺利完成妊娠,1例因恐惧药物和手术影响胎儿自行终止妊娠后完成输尿管镜碎石。结论：轻度和中度妊娠期肾积水合并肾绞痛、尿路感染者经保守治疗大部分可以获得缓解。妊娠合并肾绞痛反复发作或重度肾积水的患者采用经膀胱镜输尿管置双J管引流术效果良好;输尿管结石妊娠患者输尿管镜弹道碎石效果可靠,生理干扰少,损伤小,对胎儿是比较安全的。     

双J管治疗妊娠并输尿管结石所致肾绞痛9例报告

目的：探讨放置输尿管双J管治疗妊娠并输尿管结石所致肾绞痛的疗效及安全性。方法：2008～2012年采用膀胱镜或输尿管镜下放置输尿管双J管治疗妊娠并输尿管结石所致肾绞痛患者9例，观察其疗效。结果：9例患者肾绞痛症状均缓解，且均顺利足月分娩。分娩后，2例结石自行排出，3例行输尿管镜下取石术，3例行ESWL治疗，1例行经皮肾取石术。结论：对于保守治疗不能缓解的妊娠并输尿管结石肾绞痛患者，置人输尿管双J管是一种缓解肾绞痛的安全有效的治疗方法。     

输尿管镜术治疗肾绞痛20例报告

目的探讨输尿管镜术治疗肾绞痛的有效性、安全性、手术并发症及防治措施。方法对常规保守治疗无效的20例。肾绞痛患者，采用硬性输尿管镜检查，术中配合气压弹道碎石、取石，术后留置双J管。结果20例患者术后疼痛缓解，均有轻微肉眼血尿，应用止血药物对症治疗1～3d消失；1例术中输尿管穿孔，留置双J管保守治疗好转；3例术后发热，常规抗感染治疗治愈；1例术后患侧腰部胀痛，未作特殊处理，自行缓解。结论应用输尿管镜术治疗常规保守治疗不能缓解的肾绞痛患者，疗效显著，术中不仅能检查病因，更能配合气压弹道碎石等设备同期治疗；熟练的手术操作是保证输尿管镜手术成功的关键。     

输尿管中下段结石伴顽固性肾绞痛的急诊输尿管镜治疗

目的探讨急诊输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管中下段结石伴顽固性肾绞痛的疗效。方法对256例输尿管中下段结石伴顽固性肾绞痛患者行急诊输尿管镜碎石治疗。结果 235例一次性碎石术成功,一次碎石成功率91.8%;3例残余结石及5例结石移入肾脏者,于术后5-7 d病情好转平稳后带管行ESWL 1-2次,均获成功;9例因输尿管狭窄或扭曲输尿管镜无法到达结石部位而行置管引流术,其中3例于术后1周再次行输尿管镜碎石术获成功,另6例于术后5-7 d病情好转平稳后带管行ESWL 1-2次获得成功。另4例进镜失败终止手术。术后肾绞痛缓解率为98.4%（252/256）,4周后复查结石排净率为95.7%（245/256）。无严重并发症发生。结论急诊输尿管镜碎石术是一种治疗输尿管中下段结石伴顽固性肾绞痛的微创、安全、高效的理想方法 。     

急诊输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石并首次肾绞痛的疗效观察

目的 评价急诊输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石并首次肾绞痛的疗效.方法 本院2010年7月至2011年7月期间收治的140例输尿管结石患者纳入本研究范畴,其中60例输尿管结石患者首次肾绞痛时就诊,急诊行输尿管镜钬激光碎石,纳入第一组；80例患者对症处理后立即入院或肾绞痛再次发作入院并常规检查后再行输尿管镜钬激光碎石,纳入第2组.对两组患者的碎石效果、辅助治疗及相关并发症等指标进行比较,行统计学分析,得出结论.结果 140例患者均经输尿管镜检查,第1组结石大小0.80±0.31 cm,结石一次性清除率96.67％,无患者因结石疼痛再次就诊；第2组结石大小0.75±0.35 cm,结石一次性清除率95.00％,因结石疼痛再次就诊次数2.03±1.85,两组患者无严重并发症发生.结论 急诊输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石并首次肾绞痛安全可行,能及时解除疼痛.     

Predicting the success of retrograde stenting for managing ureteral obstruction

PURPOSE: Retrograde ureteral stenting is often considered the first line option for relieving ureteral obstruction when temporary drainage is indicated. Several retrospective studies have implied that in cases of extrinsic obstruction retrograde ureteral stenting may fail and, therefore, percutaneous nephrostomy drainage is required. We examined the efficacy of retrograde ureteral stenting for resolving ureteral obstruction and identified clinical and radiological parameters predicting failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enrolled in our prospective study were 92 consecutive patients with ureteral obstruction, which was bilateral in 8. Retrograde ureteral stenting was attempted in all cases by the urologist on call. When stent insertion failed, drainage was achieved by percutaneous nephrostomy. Patients were followed at 3-week intervals for 3 months. Each followup visit included a medical interview, blood evaluation, urine culture and ultrasound. Stent malfunction was defined as continuous flank pain manifesting as recurrent episodes of acute renal colic, 1 or more episodes of pyelonephritis, persistent hydronephrosis or elevated creatinine. Preoperative data and outcomes were compared in cases of intrinsic and extrinsic obstruction. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to identify predictors of the failure of ureteral stent insertion and long-term function. RESULTS: The etiology of obstruction was intrinsic in 61% of patients and extrinsic in 39%. Extrinsic obstruction, which was associated with a greater degree of hydronephrosis, was located more distal. Retrograde ureteral stenting was successful in 94% and 73% of patients with intrinsic and extrinsic obstruction, respectively. At the 3-month followup stent function was maintained in all patients with intrinsic obstruction but in only 56.4% with extrinsic obstruction. On multivariate logistic regression the type of obstruction, level of obstruction and degree of hydronephrosis were the only predictors of stent function at 3 months. Stent diameter and preoperative creatinine had no predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde ureteral stenting is a good solution for most acutely obstructed ureters. In patients with extrinsic ureteral obstruction a more distal level of obstruction and higher degree of hydronephrosis are associated with a greater likelihood of stent failure. These patients may be better served by percutaneous drainage.     

Effects of prophylactic insertion of Double-J stents to decrease episodes of renal colic in patients with recurrent ureteral stones

PURPOSE: To evaluate the hypothesis that prophylactic insertion of Double-J stents after uncomplicated transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) can decrease the number of episodes of renal colic and their intensity in patients with recurrent ureteral stones (those with three or more episodes of stone formation). PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a prospective randomized clinical trial from May 1999 to January 2004, 195 patients with recurrent ureteral stones were included in our study; 94 had stents in place for 4 weeks, and 101 patients remained stentless (control group). A few patients in each group had residual stone disease. All patients were followed-up for a mean period of 24 months and questioned about the number and intensity of their episodes of renal colic, and were also evaluated for their rates of spontaneous stone passage. RESULTS: Spontaneous passage of stones was seen in 43 patients (45.7%; CI 95%, 35.7, 55.8) who underwent stenting, and 35 patients (34.7%; CI 95%, 25.4, 43.9) in the stentless group (P > 0.05). The number of episodes of renal colic was significantly lower in the stented group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Insertion of Double-J stents for 4 weeks after uncomplicated TUL in patients with recurrent ureteral stones significantly decreases the number of episodes of ureteral colic, although it does not decrease the rate of stone formation.     

输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石185例

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的效果。方法2004年2月～2005年3月，我们对185例输尿管结石（其中伴肾绞痛96例）采用输尿管镜取石或气压弹道碎石进行总结和分析。结果失败12例，其中6例改开放手术，6例术后3d行体外冲击波碎石。一次碎石成功率93．5％（173／185），其中上段结石为75．0％（24／32），中段为95．8％（46／48），下段为98．1％（103／105）。肾绞痛者成功率为100％（96／96）。术中输尿管损伤率2．9％（5／173），其中3例（1．7％）中转开放手术。术后肾绞痛1例。全组随访6～12个月，平均10．2月，无复发。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石安全有效，并发症少，是治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法，尤其对肾绞痛者疗效更好。     

Long-term results with renal autotransplantation for ureteral replacement

From 1970 to 1984 renal autotransplantation was performed on 23 patients to replace all or a major portion of the ureter. The conditions necessitating ureteral replacement were postoperative ureteral injury in 16 cases, recurrent renal colic in 4, urinary undiversion in 2 and an atonic ureter in 1. Six patients presented with a solitary kidney and 1 underwent staged bilateral autotransplantation. After autotransplantation urinary continuity was restored by ureteroneocystostomy in 11 patients, pyelovesicostomy in 7, ureteroureterostomy in 2, pyeloureterostomy in 2 and ureterosigmoidostomy in 1. Postoperatively, there was no mortality and all but 1 of the autotransplanted kidneys functioned immediately. Two kidneys required removal postoperatively owing to bleeding. Currently, 20 patients are alive with functioning renal autotransplants at intervals of 1.5 to 14 years. The current serum creatinine level in these patients ranges from 1.1 to 2.2 mg. per dl., which in each case is improved or stable compared to the preoperative determination. Only 1 patient has experienced chronic bacteriuria. We conclude that renal autotransplantation provides excellent long-term treatment for patients who require ureteral replacement.     

Value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography in renal colic

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to determine the value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU) in the patients' evolution with renal colic. The study of the resistive index (RI), difference of the RI (ARI) associated with a DDU intravesical recording (ureteral jets) were compared with renographic findings in renal colic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1998 and January 2001 we studied 377 cases with suspected renal colic by intravenous pyelography (IVP), grey-scale ultrasonography and DDU with determination of the RI, the difference between the RI of ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys (ARI) and the amplitude (maximum length of the intravesical ureteral jet), velocity and frequency of the urine bolus. We considered normal values RI < or = 0.70 and ARI < or = 0.06. VP was used as a referee investigation and the ureteral intravesical jets were determined in standard conditions. All patients came to the hospital between 4 and 12 h after the onset of the renal colic. RESULTS: We found four series of patients: 1, acute (complete) obstructed kidney (IVP nonfunctional) and dilatation at normal grey-scale, with normal contralateral kidney (n = 153). In this series we found RI > 0.70 in 87%, RI > 0.06 in 90% and absent ureteral intravesical jet of the obstructed kidney site in 89%; 2, acute (complete) obstructed kidney (IVP nonfunctional) without abnormalities at normal grey-scale, with normal contralateral kidney (n = 57). In this series we found RI > or = 0.70 in 73.5%, deltaRI > 0.06 in 82.5% of patients, absent or asymmetric ureteral intravesical jet in 80.7% of cases; 3, incomplete obstructed kidney (IVP with various degree of ureterohydronephrosis) with normal contralateral kidney (n = 96). In this series we found RI > or = 0.70 in 58.3% and deltaRI > 0.06 in 64.5% of patients, asymmetric ureteral intravesical jets in 74% of cases; 4, normal both kidneys normal IVP) were found in 71 cases (18.8%). In this series we found RI < 0.70 in 80.2%, deltaRI < or = 0.06 in 89% of cases, normal ureteral intravesical jets in 93% of cases. The mean RI was 0.76 (0.05) in 306 obstructed kidneys, significantly higher than the mean RI of 0.62 (0.05) in 448 normal kidneys (P < 0.001). The ARI in patients with obstruction was significantly higher than in patients with normal both kidneys, at 0.08 (0.05) and -0.001 (0.03), respectively (P < 0.001). The RI was sensitive in 75.5% and specific in 92.5% and ARI was sensitive in 80.7% and specific in 95.7% (versus IVP, considered the referee value). The presence of the intravesical ureteral jets of the renal colic side, associated with the values of RI (RI < or = 0.70) and deltaRI (deltaRI < or = 0.06), was followed by spontaneous passage of the stones in 71% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Renal DDU and consecutively, intravesical evaluation of ureteral jets could detect acute renal obstruction and, as a functional investigation, could have a predictive value regarding the ureteral stones passage. It could replace the IVP, being a sensitive and highly specific test.     

缩短双J管留置时间对输尿管软镜碎石术后并发输尿管石街治疗的临床价值

目的：探讨缩短双J管留置时间对输尿管软镜碎石术后并发输尿管石街治疗的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院2012年1月～2013年10月因肾结石行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后并发输尿管石街的患者38例,按拔除双J管时机不同,分为术后2周拔除双J管排石组（拔管排石组）及带管排石组各19例,比较两组排石效果。结果拔管排石组19例均成功排石,并发肾绞痛2例、膀胱刺激征3例、肉眼血尿3例,医疗费用（766．5±153．7）元;带管排石组成功排石13例,无肾绞痛,膀胱刺激征17例,肉眼血尿19例,医疗费用（1251．2±155．6）元。拔管排石组排石成功率高于带管排石组（P＜0．05）,膀胱刺激征及肉眼血尿发生率、总医疗费用低（P＜0．05）,2组肾绞痛发生率差异无显著性。结论对于输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后并发输尿管石街的治疗,术后2周拔除双J管方案较带管排石方案成功率高,并发症发生率低,能减少尿路刺激症状和肉眼血尿的发生。     

双J管在治疗妊娠期输尿管结石的应用与分析

目的 探讨放置双J管治疗妊娠合并输尿管结石的临床疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析汉中市中心医院2009年1月至2014年12月行膀胱镜下置入双J管治疗的36例妊娠合并输尿管结石患者的临床资料.观察其疗效并记录不良事件发生情况.结果 36例手术均成功,无严重并发症出现.置入双J管后36例患者肾绞痛、肾积水及上尿路感染均缓解,患者均足月顺利分娩.分娩后复查22例患者结石自行排出,另14例患者行体外碎石、输尿管镜钬激光碎石术.随访7～60个月,无严重不良反应发生.结论 对于保守疗法无效的妊娠合并输尿管结石患者,发生肾绞痛、肾积水及上尿路感染者,膀胱镜下放置双J管是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

急诊输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗输尿管中下段结石并肾绞痛

目的探讨急诊输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗输尿管中下段结石并肾绞痛的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院2006年1月至2008年12月行急诊输尿管镜下碎石取石手术治疗输尿管结石并肾绞痛的患者临床资料,共137例,其中男78例,女59例,平均年龄38±9岁。中段11例,下段126例。结果 130例患者一次取石成功,成功率94.9%(130/137);7例未成功,其中2例术中发现结石已排入膀胱,5例进镜失败,术后行体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL),2个月内复查结石均排净。结论急诊行输尿管镜下碎石取石术治疗输尿管中下段结石并肾绞痛是一安全有效选择。