吲哚菁绿脑血管造影在烟雾病血管搭桥术中的应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿(ICG)脑血管造影在烟雾病(MMD)血管搭桥术中的应用。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年11月行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉血管搭桥手术治疗的38例MMD患者的临床资料,搭桥术后共行ICG脑血管造影41次,在荧光显微镜下观察搭桥血管通畅情况,并与术后320排CTA或DSA检查结果比较。结果术中ICG脑血管造影发现1例搭桥血管闭塞,2例吻合口不通畅,重新吻合后再次造影显示搭桥血管通畅。术后行DSA检查26例,320排CTA检查38例,均证实与术中ICG脑血管造影结果一致。结论术中ICG脑血管造影对于判断搭桥血管是否通畅有重要的参考价值,是一种简便、迅速和具有较高准确性的术中血管造影技术。     

吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影在前循环动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿（ICG）脑血管造影在颅内前循环动脉瘤手术中的作用。方法回顾性研究2007年1月至2008年4月开颅手术治疗的前循环动脉瘤患者42例,荧光显微镜下观察术野中血管,指导手术操作。术后行3DCTA或DSA检查,评估术中ICG荧光造影对开颅手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的作用。结果术中确认动脉瘤颈残留2例,载瘤动脉分支血管闭塞1例,穿通血管误夹2例,重新调整动脉瘤夹位置后,再次荧光血管造影,证实动脉瘤颈夹闭满意,术后DSA（或MRA、CTA）均证实术中ICG造影结果。结论ICG血管造影是一种术中监测颅内动脉瘤颈是否残留、载瘤动脉是否狭窄及穿通支血管是否闭塞的重要检查手段。     

颅内-外动脉搭桥在复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗中的运用

目的探讨颅内-外动脉搭桥术在复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗中的适用范围、手术方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析33例颅内-外搭桥术临床资料,搭桥后分别采用慢性阻断颈部颈内动脉、闭塞载瘤动脉或孤立动脉瘤等。结果术后血管造影或CTA示30例吻合血管通畅,1例吻合口狭窄伴血管痉挛,2例吻合口不通。29例通过阻断颈内动脉使动脉瘤不显影而达到治愈。29例治愈患者随访未见动脉瘤复发或破裂。结论采用颅内-外动脉搭桥术,结合急性或慢性闭塞颈内动脉,是复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗的一种有效途径。     

颅内血流重建与支架治疗大脑中动脉重度狭窄的对比研究

目的探讨颅内外血管搭桥重建术与血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉重度狭窄的疗效。方法前瞻性分析28例经内科保守治疗效果不佳的大脑中动脉重度狭窄病人的临床资料,根据手术适应证并结合病人意愿进行分组,行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥手术13例(搭桥组),大脑中动脉球囊扩张及支架成形术15例(支架组)。术后CTA或高分辨MRI判断吻合血管通畅程度,PWI或SPECT评价脑血流灌注情况;并对术后病人的临床症状及随访期间不良事件进行分析。结果搭桥组均顺利完成吻合手术,术后1周内发生吻合口急性闭塞1例,其余12例吻合口通畅,且术后灌注不同程度改善。支架组顺利完成球囊扩张并支架植入14例,单纯球囊扩张1例;术后发生支架远端血管痉挛1例,术后灌注改善14例。两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。23例随访1.2～34.3个月,病人症状均不同程度好转,搭桥组出现TIA 3例,支架组TIA 1例。结论颅内外血管搭桥及颅内动脉支架成形术对症状性大脑中动脉狭窄均有明显治疗效果,对不适合行支架手术的病人,颅内外血管搭桥是另一种可选择的手术方式。     

颅内外动脉吻合治疗缺血型脑血管病25例临床分析

目的探讨颅内外动脉吻合治疗缺血型脑血管病的疗效。方法选取2009-06—2011-06我院收治的颅内血管闭塞经内科治疗无效的缺血型脑血管病患者25例,进行颅内外动脉搭桥治疗。其中颈外动脉-桡动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥手术2例,颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥手术23例,术后随访24个月。结果患者术后症状较术前明显改善,短暂性缺血发作频数及持续时间明显减少。术后复查3D-CTA显示搭桥血管通畅,吻合口无狭窄,搭桥血管区血运充足,脑皮层染色良好。结论颅内外动脉搭桥术是治疗缺血型脑血管病的有效方法。     

颅内-外血管搭桥加孤立术治疗大脑中动脉复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨颅内-外血管搭桥加动脉瘤孤立术在大脑中动脉复杂动脉瘤治疗中的方法和效果。方法对6例大脑中动脉复杂动脉瘤患者采用颅内-外血管搭桥加动脉瘤孤立手术。术后复查脑血管造影和(或)超声评价搭桥是否通畅,并就相关临床资料进行分析。结果颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥4例中,吻合口通畅4例,运动性语言障碍加重1例。颈外动脉-大隐静脉移植-大脑中动脉搭桥2例,搭桥血管不通畅1例。随访2-17个月,恢复良好5例,生活自理1例。结论颅内-外血管搭桥加动脉瘤孤立术是治疗大脑中动脉复杂动脉瘤的可行方法。     

颅外-内高流量搭桥治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤二例并文献复习

目的 探讨经桡动脉移植颅外-内高流量搭桥治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤.方法 报告先经桡动脉移植颅外-内高流量搭桥,再闭塞载瘤动脉孤立动脉瘤治疗2例颅内复杂动脉瘤,并结合文献对其手术方法、手术技巧及其适应证进行探讨.结果 术后2例患者经头颅CTA和脑血管造影检查显示吻合血管通畅,动脉瘤不显影.随访10个月,第1例患者仪有轻微外展受限,第2例患者完全恢复正常.结论 经桡动脉移植颅外-内高流量搭桥是治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的有效方法.     

颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥联合血管内栓塞治疗前循环巨大蛇形动脉瘤

目的应用颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥联合血管内动脉瘤旷置或孤立术治疗3例前循环巨大蛇形动脉瘤,评估安全性及有效性。方法 2例颈内动脉巨大蛇形动脉瘤,1例大脑中动脉上干巨大蛇形动脉瘤。复合手术室内先行全脑血管造影,准确选择供血动脉、受体血管,体表定位骨窗后开颅行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥,造影证实血管通畅后,行血管内动脉瘤旷置或孤立术。术后3个月行磁共振随访,术后6个月行DSA或MRA随访。结果术中造影提示血管吻合均通畅,2例颈内动脉蛇形动脉瘤行ICA球囊闭塞旷置动脉瘤,其中1例术中夹闭动脉瘤流出道行孤立术,术中造影提示动脉瘤少量显影并造影剂明显滞留。1例大脑中动脉上干蛇形动脉瘤行弹簧圈栓塞腔内闭塞术孤立动脉瘤,术中造影提示动脉瘤完全不显影。术后MRI检查提示3例动脉瘤均血栓形成,1例出现分水岭梗塞,治疗后遗留轻度面瘫。出院时GOS评分5分2例,4分1例。术后6个月复查DSA或MRA,动脉瘤无复发,载瘤动脉及吻合血管通畅,3例患者GOS评分均5分。结论复合手术内颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥联合血管内动脉瘤旷置或孤立术治疗前循环巨大蛇形动脉瘤可提高治疗精确性,创伤小,安全、有效。     

CTA、DSA在颅内动静脉畸形诊治中的对比研究

目的探讨CT血管造影（CTA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）诊治颅内动静脉畸形的价值。方法对45例颅内动静脉畸形患者行CTA检查,三维重建采用最大强度投影（MIP）和容积成像显示（VR）技术;分析动静脉畸形显示情况并将结果与DSA和手术结果比较。部分动静脉畸形病例术后行CTA和DSA复查。结果CTA对颅内动静脉畸形的敏感性为93．33％,特异性为100％。能可靠地显示动静脉畸形的位置、形态、供血动脉和引流静脉。结论CTA是有效的血管成像技术,对颅内动静脉畸形有重要的诊治价值,临床疑诊为颅内动静脉畸形患者可作为一种筛选方法。CTA可作为动静脉畸形术后复查的方法之一。     

颅内巨大动脉瘤载瘤动脉球囊闭塞及颅内外血管搭桥术

目的 探讨颅内巨大动脉瘤的治疗方法及疗效，并对球囊闭塞载瘤动脉近段以及联合颅内外血管搭术治疗方法进行评价。方法 对载瘤动脉球囊闭塞术治疗的21例巨大动脉瘤病人的资料进行分析。载瘤动脉闭塞试验(BOD阳性，首先行颅内外血管搭桥，再行血管球囊闭塞。结果 21例巨大动脉瘤病例中，单用球囊闭塞载瘤动脉17例，联合颅内外搭桥4例。术后随访17例，6个月动脉瘤内血栓形成，2例动脉瘤缩小；2例3年后动脉瘤消失，2例颈内外动脉搭桥术随访3～4年，血管造影示吻合口通畅。结论对直接手术和填塞难以治愈的颅内巨大动脉瘤，载瘤动脉球囊闭塞以及联合颅内外搭桥术是一种有效可取的方法。     

Indocyanine Green Videoangiography for Confirmation of Bypass Graft Patency

Objective

The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography for confirmation of vascular anastomosis patency in both extracranial-intracranial and intracranial-intracranial bypasses.

Methods

Intraoperative ICG videoangiography was used as a surgical adjunct for 56 bypasses in 47 patients to assay the patency of intracranial vascular anastomosis. These patients underwent a bypass for cerebral ischemia in 31 instances and as an adjunct to intracranial aneurysm surgery in 25. After completion of the bypass, ICG was administered to assess the patency of the graft. The findings on ICG videoangiography were then compared to intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging.

Results

ICG provided an excellent visualization of all cerebral arteries and grafts at the time of surgery. Four grafts were determined to be suboptimal and were revised at the time of surgery. Findings on ICG videoangiography correlated with intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging.

Conclusion

ICG videoangiography is rapid, effective, and reliable in determining the intraoperative patency of bypass grafts. It provides intraoperative information allowing revision to reduce the incidence of technical errors that may lead to early graft thrombosis.     

Extracranial-intracranial bypass grafts

An extracranial-intracranial bypass graft was established in 16 dogs. The graft was routed deep in the lateral pharyngeal space as opposed to the subcutaneous course in front of the ear, which may be hazardous. Of 10 common carotid-middle cerebral arterial bypass grafts three were still patent four and a half, six, and 11 months postoperatively. The remaining seven arterial and six venous bypass grafts were occluded either at the first angiogram 1 to 14 days after the operation or at the second angiogram 4 to 9 weeks later. The low patency rate in this experiment is attributed to the very small external diameter (average 0·8 mm) of the recipient artery, to donor-recipient discrepancy, to spasm and possibly oedema of the graft. To our knowledge this is the first report on patent extracranial-intracranial bypass grafts in a laboratory animal.     

Arteriovenous malformations and intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography: preliminary experience

We report our preliminary clinical experience with microscope-integrated intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Nine patients underwent surgical procedures for AVMs. All patients had preoperative and early postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In all the procedures, ICG was injected intravenously during AVM occlusion and the removal of the nidus were directly analized into the microscope-integrated video, and they were compared with early postoperative angiography images. A total of 16 intraoperative ICG angiographies were performed. In all the patients the image quality was excellent, allowing intraoperative real-time evaluation of the completeness of the removal of the nidus. ICG videoangiography is easily performed during surgery for AVM and can confirm the completeness of the removal and may detect residual nidus, thus improving outcomes.     

Safety,efficacy, and cost of intraoperative indocyanine green angiography compared to intraoperative catheter angiography in cerebral aneurysm surgery

Intraoperative angiography in cerebrovascular neurosurgery can drive the repositioning or addition of aneurysm clips. Our institution has switched from a strategy of intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) universally, to a strategy of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography with DSA on an as-needed basis. We retrospectively evaluated whether the rates of perioperative stroke, unexpected postoperative aneurysm residual, or parent vessel stenosis differed in 100 patients from each era (2002, “DSA era”; 2007, “ICG era”). The clip repositioning rate for neck residual or parent vessel stenosis did not differ significantly between the two eras. There were no differences in the rate of perioperative stroke or rate of false-negative studies. The per-patient cost of intraoperative imaging within the DSA era was significantly higher than in the ICG era. The replacement of routine intraoperative DSA with ICG videoangiography and selective intraoperative DSA in cerebrovascular aneurysm surgery is safe and effective.     

Uses and limitations of indocyanine green videoangiography for flow analysis in arteriovenous malformation surgery

Intra-operative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography is a useful addition to cerebrovascular neurosurgery. ICG videoangiography is useful in different phases of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) surgery. Additionally, it can be used to perform semi-quantitative flow analysis. We reviewed our initial assessment of 24 patients who underwent ICG videoangiography during AVM surgery to assess the utility and limitations of the technique as well as to demonstrate semi-quantitative flow analysis, a new capability of ICG videoangiography. Over the course of 3 years, we performed 49 ICG videoangiographies in 24 patients with AVM. In 85% of the pre-resection videos, ICG was useful in localising the arterial feeders, the draining veins and the nidus. Intra-resection ICG videos were recorded for eight of the 23 patients (the ICG from one patient was missing). Post-resection ICG videos were recorded for 14 out of the 23 patients, which were useful in confirming no evidence of nidus in the exposed resection cavity and an absence of flow in the main draining vein. Semi-quantitative flow analysis was performed in eight patients with superficial AVM. The average T_½ peak intensities (time to 50% of peak intensity) were 32 s, 33.5 s, and 35.6 s for the arterial feeder, the draining vein and normal cortex, respectively. The arteriovenous T_½ peak time was 1.5 s, and the arteriocortex T_½ peak time was 3.6 s. The T_½ peak fluorescence rates were 84 average intensity of fluorescence (AI)/s, 62.9 AI/s and 28.7 AI/s, for the arterial feeder, the draining vein and normal cortex, respectively. Only one patient of 23 (4.3%) showed residual AVM on post-operative digital subtraction angiography or CT angiography despite negative intra-operative ICG. ICG videoangiography is a useful addition to AVM surgery, but it has some limitations. Flow analysis is a new capability that allows for semi-quantitative AVM perfusion analysis.     

对比吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影与数字减影血管造影在脑动静脉畸形手术中的应用(英文)

BACKGROUND The potential utility of intraoperative microscope-integrated indocyanine green( ICG) fluorescence angiography in the surgery of brain arteriovenous malformations( AVMs) and evaluation of the completeness of resection is debatable.Postoperative catheter angiography is considered the gold standard. We evaluated the value of ICG and intraoperative catheter angiography in this setting. METHODS Between January 2009 and July 2013,37 patients with brain AVMs underwent surgical resection of their vascularlesions. ICG videoangiography and an intraoperative catheter angiography were performed in 32 cases,and a routine postoperative angiogram was performed within 48 h to 2 weeks after surgery. The usefulness of ICG findings and the ability to confirm total resection and to identify residual nidus or persistent shunt were assessed and compared to intraoperative and postoperative digital subtraction angiography,respectively. RESULTS There were 7 grade 1,11 grade 2,11 grade 3 and 3 grade 4 Spetzler-Martin classification AVMs. ICG angiography helped to distinguish AVM vessels in 26 patients. In 31 patients,it demonstrated that there was no residual shunting. In one patient,a residual AVM was identified and further resected. Intraoperative catheter angiography detected two additional small residuals that were missed by ICG angiography,both deep in the surgical cavity. Further resection of the AVM was performed,and total resection was confirmed by a repeat intraoperative angiogram. Postoperative angiography in a patient with a grade 4 lesion revealed one additional small deep residual AVM nidus with persistent late shunting missed on both ICG and intraoperative angiography. Overall ICG angiography missed three out of four residual AVMs after initial resection, while the intraoperative angiogram missed one.CONCLUSION Although ICG angiography is a helpful adjunct in the surgery of some brain AVMs,it's yield in detecting residual AVM nidus or shunt is low,especially for deep-seated lesions and higher grade AVMs. ICG angiography should not be used as a sole and / or reliable technique. High-resolution postoperative angiography must be performed in brain AVM surgery and remains the best test to confidently confirm complete AVM resection.     

吲哚菁绿荧光强度分析在颅内动脉瘤术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿血管造影及荧光强度分析在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中的作用.方法回顾性分析吲哚菁绿血管造影及荧光强度分析在47例颅内动脉瘤患者夹闭术中的作用.术中行吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影,观察动脉瘤、载瘤动脉及分支血管的血流情况,并通过荧光强度分析软件进行分析.结果47例中有4例通过吲哚菁绿血管造影检测到动脉瘤夹闭不全,术中荧光强度分析为3例动脉瘤的夹闭提供了重要信息.结论 吲哚菁绿血管造影能在术中对术野血流情况进行实时的分析,而通过荧光强度分析可进一步提高吲哚菁绿血管造影对血流分析的准确性.     

颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术治疗动脉粥样硬化性脑缺血13例报告

目的 探讨颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术（superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass,STA-MCA bypass）治疗动脉粥样硬化性脑缺血的疗效。方法 对北京天坛医院进行STA-MCA bypass治疗的13例经计算机断层扫描灌注成像（computertomography perfusion,CTP）评价存在低灌注的颈内动脉和（或）大脑中动脉粥样硬化性重度狭窄和（或）闭塞患者进行回顾性研究。通过手术中脑血管吲哚菁绿荧光造影和手术后数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）、计算机断层扫描血管成像（computer tomography angiography,CTA）等确定吻合血管通畅程度。比较手术前、后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes ofHealth Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分、改良的Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分及CTP参数值。结果 13例患者中,男11例、女2例,11例行STA-MCA bypass,2例行STA-MCA bypass联合脑-硬脑膜-动脉贴敷术,吻合血管血流通畅。手术后3个月mRS评分较术前下降（0.92±0.76 vs 2.38±1.26,P =0.001）。手术侧比非手术侧MCA供血区域CTP参数绝对值的比较,手术前和术后15 d内相对脑血流量（relative cerebral blood flow,RCBF）、相对平均通过时间（relative mean transit time,RMTT）及相对达峰时间（relative time to peak,RTTP）分别为0.71±0.13 vs 1.00±0.25、2.53±1.32 vs 1.48±0.94和1.20±0.11 vs 1.07±0.12,P =0.002、0.036和0.015）。手术后3～10个月RTTP较术前下降（1.10±0.96vs 1.22±0.82,P =0.043）。13例患者在随访期间无死亡、无新的脑缺血事件发生。结论 对于CTP评价存在低灌注的动脉粥样硬化性脑血管重度狭窄或闭塞患者,STA-MCA bypass可能能够改善低灌注状态、减少缺血症状发作及预防卒中再发生;CTP可能成为简单可靠并有推广价值的评价手段。