共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Elham Barkhordari Nima Rezaei Mahdi Mahmoudi Pegah Larki Hamid Reza Ahmadi-Ashtiani Bita Ansaripour Maryam Alighardashi Mohammad Bashashati Ali Akbar Amirzargar Naser Ebrahimi-Daryani 《Inflammation》2010,33(5):281-286
Inflammation and mucosal immune system activation have an important role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), whereas genetic
factors can control some immunological mediators. In this study, a number of polymorphic genes coding for T-helper 1, T-helper
2, and T-regulatory cytokines were genotyped in 71 patients with IBS, and the results were compared with controls. IL-4 CC
genotype at position −590, IL-4 TT genotype at position −33, and IL-10 GA genotype at position −1082 were significantly overrepresented
in the patients with IBS in comparison with controls (P < 0.001). The frequencies of the following haplotypes in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control
group: IL-2 (−330, +160) GT haplotype (P = 0.002), IL-4 (−1098, −590, −33) TCC haplotype (P < 0.001), and TCT haplotype (P < 0.001). While production of cytokines could be affected by genetic polymorphisms within coding and promoter regions of
cytokine genes, IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms could affect individual susceptibility to IBS. 相似文献
2.
Imai K Harada S Kawanishi Y Tachikawa H Okubo T Suzuki T 《Journal of human genetics》2001,46(8):442-447
The human prepronociceptin (ppNoc) gene is located on chromosome 8p21, and several linkage studies have suggested that the susceptibility locus for schizophrenia
is present in this chromosomal region. We investigated genetic variations in the promoter and coding regions of the ppNoc gene to determine if there may be an association between naturally occurring mutations and the manifestation of schizophrenia.
Association analyses for the variations found were conducted between 87 unrelated schizophrenic patients and 100 healthy controls.
Polymorphisms were found at both the −503 locus (G/A) in the promoter region and the 353 locus (Ala118Gly) in exon 3. Additionally,
rare variants were identified at the −261 locus (A/G) in the promoter region, the 515 locus (Gln172Arg) in exon 3, and the
561 locus (G/A) in the untranslated region of exon 3. A significant difference was observed in allele frequency at the 353
locus between controls and patients with continuous-course schizophrenia (P = 0.0237), and between patients with and without prominent negative symptoms (P = 0.0201). However, neither difference was significant after Bonferroni correction. In addition, there were no significant
differences in genotype and allele frequencies at either the −503 or 353 locus between the control group and patients with
schizophrenia. These results suggest that ppNoc gene polymorphisms have no association with schizophrenia.
Received: March 7, 2001 / Accepted: April 21, 2001 相似文献
3.
Rajic ZA Jankovic GM Vidovic A Milic NM Skoric D Pavlovic M Lazarevic V 《Journal of human genetics》2005,50(5):217-229
In diploid populations of size N, there will be 2 N mutations per nucleotide (nt) site (or per locus) per generation ( stands for mutation rate). If either the population or the coding genome double in size, one expects 4 N mutations. What is important is not the population size per se but the number of genes (coding sites), the two being often interconverted. Here we compared the total physical length of protein-coding genomes (n) with the corresponding absolute rates of synonymous substitution (KS), an empirical neutral reference. In the classical occupancy problem and in the coupons collector (CC) problem, n was expressed as the mean rate of change (KCC). Despite inherently very low power of the approaches involving averaging of rates, the mode of molecular evolution of the total size phenotype of the coding genome could be evidenced through differences between the genomic estimates of KCC [KCC=1/(ln n + 0.57721) n] and rate of molecular evolution, KS. We found that (1) the estimates of n and KS are reciprocally correlated across taxa (r=0.812; p 0.001); (2) the gamete-cell division hypothesis (Chang et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:827–831, 1994) can be confirmed independently in terms of KCC/KS ratios; (3) the time scale of molecular evolution changes with change in mutation rate, as previously shown by Takahata (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:2419–2423, 1990), Takahata et al. (Genetics 130:925–938, 1992), and Vekemans and Slatkin (Genetics 137:1157–1165, 1994); (4) the generation time and population size (Lynch and Conery, Science 302:1401–1404, 2003) effects left their signatures at the level of the size phenotype of the protein-coding genome. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of isokinetic eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) training at two velocities
[fast, 180° s−1 (3.14 rad s−1) and slow,30° s−1(0.52 rad s−1)] on muscle hypertrophy. Twenty-four untrained volunteers (age 18–36 years) participated in fast- (n=13) or slow- (n=11) velocity training, where they trained one arm eccentrically for 8 weeks followed by CON training of the opposite arm
for 8 weeks. Ten subjects served as controls (CNT). Subjects were tested before and after training for elbow flexor muscle
thickness by sonography and isokinetic strength (Biodex). Overall, ECC training resulted in greater hypertrophy than CON training
(P<0.01). No significant strength or hypertrophy changes occurred in the CNT group. ECC (180° s−1) training resulted in greater hypertrophy than CON (180° s−1) training and CON (30° s−1) training (P<0.01). ECC (30° s−1) training resulted in greater hypertrophy than CON (180° s−1) training (P<0.05), but not CON (30° s−1) training. ECC (180° s−1) training resulted in the greatest increases in strength (P<0.01). We conclude that ECC fast training is the most effective for muscle hypertrophy and strength gain. 相似文献
5.
Twenty healthy women aged between 65 and 74 years, trained three times a week, for 16 weeks, on a cycle ergometer, to determine
the effects of dynamic resistance training on heart rate variability (HRV). Subjects were allocated to two training groups,
high (HI, n=10) and low (LO, n=10) intensity. The HI group performed eight sets of 8 revolutions at 80% of the maximum resistance to complete 2 pedal revolutions
(2RM); the LO group performed eight sets of 16 pedal revolutions at 40% of 2RM. Subjects were tested twice before, as control
period (−4 weeks and 0 weeks) and once after training (16 weeks) for HRV, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee extensors
and peak power (P
p) of lower limbs by jumping on a force platform. HRV was measured using time and frequency domain parameters. Two-way ANOVA
for repeated measures was performed on all variables (P<0.05). Results showed no differences between training groups. Following training HRV was not modified, while MVC and P
p significantly increased. The two proposed forms of dynamic resistance training were appropriate to improve muscle power and
strength in elderly females without affecting HRV. More research should verify the effects of an isometric and more prolonged
training stimulus on HRV in older subjects.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
6.
Bae JM Kim MJ Kim JH Koh JM Cho NY Kim TY Kang GH 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2011,459(1):55-63
Microsatellite instability-positive (MSI+) colorectal cancers (CRCs) are divided into CpG island methylator phenotype-positive
(CIMP+) and CpG island methylator phenotype-negative (CIMP−) tumors. The repertoire of inactivated genes in CIMP+/MSI+ CRCs
overlaps with but is likely to differ from that of CIMP−/MSI+ CRCs. Because epigenotypic differences are likely to be manifested
as phenotypic differences, CIMP+/MSI+ CRCs are expected to differ from CIMP−/MSI+ CRCs in some clinicopathological features.
This study aimed to characterize both common and different features between the two subtypes. A total of 72 MSI+ CRCs were
analyzed for their methylation status in eight CIMP panel markers using MethyLight assay. CIMP+/MSI+ and CIMP−/MSI+ CRCs were
compared regarding clinicopathologic features and mutation in KRAS/BRAF. An independent set of MSI+ CRCs (n = 97) was analyzed for their relationship of CIMP+ status with clinical outcome. Eighteen cases (25%) were CIMP+, and this
CIMP+ subtype was highly correlated with older age (P < 0.001). Polypoid gross appearance without ulceration was observed only in CIMP−/MSI+ CRCs (18.5%, P = 0.057). CIMP+/MSI+ CRCs were closely associated with poor differentiation, medullary appearance, signet ring cell appearance,
and acinar-form appearance, whereas the CIMP−/MSI+ subtype was closely associated with intraglandular eosinophilic mucin and
stratified nuclei (all P values <0.05). Patients with CIMP+/MSI+ CRCs showed worse overall survival than patients with CIMP−/MSI+ CRCs. Our results
demonstrate heterogeneity in the clinicopathological features of MSI+ CRCs depending on CIMP status. The observation that
CIMP+ and CIMP− subtypes showed different clinical behaviors may provide a clue for establishing subtype-specific therapeutic
strategies for these two subtypes. 相似文献
7.
Stumpff F Martens H Bilk S Aschenbach JR Gäbel G 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2009,457(5):1003-1022
The absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) from the rumen requires efficient mechanisms for both apical uptake and basolateral
extrusion. Previous studies suggest that the rumen expresses a basolateral chloride conductance that might be permeable to
SCFA. In order to characterize this conductance in more detail, isolated cultured ruminal epithelial cells were studied with
the patch-clamp technique, revealing a whole-cell conductance with p(Cl−) ≈ p(NO3
−) > p(HCO3
−) > p(acetate−) > p(gluconate−). Currents could be blocked by diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (1 mmol l−1 > 100 μmol l−1), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropyl-amino)benzoic acid (50 μmol l−1), niflumic acid (100 μmol l−1), and p-chloromercuribenzoate (1 mmol l−1). Single-channel conductance was 350 ± 7 pS for chloride and 142 ± 7 pS for acetate. Open probability could be fitted with
a three-state gating model. We propose a role for this channel in mediating the permeation of chloride, bicarbonate, and acetate
across the basolateral membrane of the ruminal epithelium. 相似文献
8.
Dashash M Nugent J Baker P Tansinda D Blinkhorn F 《Journal of clinical immunology》2008,28(3):237-243
This study was undertaken to investigate whether maternal periodontal disease and variant genotypes of IL-6 gene are associated
with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A total of 145 pregnant women were recruited from St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK. Bleeding
on probing (BOP) and pocket depth indices were recorded on all teeth. Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase
chain reaction was used for −174 IL-6 genotyping. Birth weight was assessed using the individualized birth ratio (IBR) with
intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) defined as an IBR below the fifth percentile. The G/G genotype results in more BOP
% sites in Caucasian(P < 0.001) and Afro-Caribbean pregnant women (P = 0.035). In addition, a marginal significant association between the −174 C/C genotype and IUGR was observed (P = 0.06). The −174* C allele was more frequent in women with IUGR than in normal women (63 vs 37%, P = 0.05). Moreover, the combination between the carriage of −174C allele and increased bleeding sites have increased the risk
of IUGR (P = 0.006). Future studies, with a larger sample size, are required to better clarify the relationship between the IL-6 gene
polymorphism, periodontal disease, and IUGR. 相似文献
9.
M. Mohebbi-Fani S. Nazifi E. Rowghani S. Bahrami O. Jamshidi 《Comparative clinical pathology》2009,18(3):211-216
The relationships between circulating thyroid hormones and serum glucose, beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty
acid (NEFA), cholesterol and lipoproteins of high-yielding dairy cows were studied in 125 adult Holsteins at various stages
of lactation cycle: early (far-off) dry period (n = 24), late (close-up) dry period (n = 10), fresh cows (n = 22), early lactation (n = 13), mid-lactation (n = 27) and late lactation (n = 29). Decreased levels of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were noted in peripartum cows which were extended to mid- and late-lactation cows, respectively. In fresh cows, glucose
showed correlations with T4 (r = 0.619, P < 0.01) and T3 (r = 0.627, P < 0.01). In the same cows there were correlations between T4 and BHB (r = 0.590, P < 0.01) and NEFA (r = 0.470, P < 0.01). In late dry cows, free thyroxin (fT4) showed correlations with triglyceride (TG) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; r = −0.638, P < 0.05). Pooled data of the various stages of lactation cycle revealed correlations between glucose and T4 (r = 0.20, P < 0.05), glucose and T3 (r = 0.395, P < 0.01), cholesterol and T3 (r = −0.201, P < 0.05), and free triiodothyronine (fT3) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL; r = 0.178, P < 0.05). It appears that the time and the pattern of changes and/or correlations of serum thyroid hormones and lipid fractions
may vary among dairy cows and other animals. 相似文献
10.
In the course of sobemovirus gene cloning the complete genome of Ryegrass mottle virus (RGMoV) was sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed differences including missing and extraneous nucleotides in comparison
to the previously published sequence (Zhang, Toriyama, Takanashi, J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 67, 63 (2001)). A gene coding for a typical sobemovirus 3C-like serine protease was identified in ORF2a after multiple sequence
alignment analysis. The newly identified 57-amino-acid stretch in ORF2a showed similarities ranging from 38.5 to 50.9% among
sequenced genes of sobemovirus proteases. ORF analysis of the RGMoV polyprotein coding sequence demonstrated the arrangement
of ORF2b coding for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) in the −1 frame in regard to ORF2a. The localization of conserved
among sobemoviruses slippery sequence (UUUAAAC) at the 3′-end of ORF2a suggests the translation of RdRP via a −1 ribosomal
frameshifting mechanism, allowing to include the RGMoV in the sobemovirus group with a Cocksfoot mottle virus-like (CfMV-like)
genome organization.
The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the Genbank nucleotide sequence database and have
been assigned the accession number EF091714. 相似文献
11.
IgE-mediated allergy is a common chronic disorder resulting from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The gene encoding CD14 is a positional candidate gene for allergic diseases as it is localised on chromosome 5q31.1, a region linked to asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We investigated the relationship among atopic phenotypes and six polymorphisms in the CD14 gene. Polymerase chain reaction with RFLP analyses was used to determine the CD14 genotypes in subjects with IgE-mediated allergic diseases (n=282) and random controls (n=187). No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for individual polymorphisms between patients and controls were found. However, when atopic patients were subdivided into subjects with positive and with negative skin prick tests for separate antigens, T allele of the 1341G/T polymorphism was significantly associated with positive reactivity to mites (P=0.007) and moulds (P=0.041). Similarly, the C allele frequency of the −159C/T variant was increased in patients with positive skin prick tests for mites (P=0.046) and moulds (P=0.056). In haplotype analysis, the common −1619A/−1359G/−550C/−159C/+1188G/+1341T haplotype was associated with positive reaction to these antigens (P values: 0.0008–0.0035). Our study supports the idea that CD14 plays a role in IgE-mediated allergic diseases, and its gene polymorphisms can be important for manifestation of these disorders. 相似文献
12.
Katsumasa Kawahara 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1990,415(5):624-629
The present study examined whether a basolateral potassium ion (K+) channel is activated by membrane-stretching in the cell-attached patch. A K+ channel of conductance of 27.5 pS was most commonly observed in the basolateral membrane ofXenopus kidney proximal tubule cells. Channel activity increased with hyperpolarizing membrane potentials [at more positive pipette
potentials (V
p)]. Open probability (P
o) was 0.03, 0.13, and 0.21 atV
p values of 0, 40, and 80 mV, respectively. Barium (0.1 mM) in the pipette reducedP
o by 79% at aV
p of 40 mV. Application of negative hydraulic pressure (−16 to −32 cm H2O) to the pipette markedly activated outward currents (fromP
o=0.01 to 0.75) at aV
p of −80 mV, but not inward currents at aV
p of 80 mV. The size of the activated outward currents (from cell to pipette) did not change by replacing chloride with gluconate
in the pipette. These results indicate that a stretch-activated K+ channel exists in the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells. It may play an important role as a K+ exit pathway when the cell membrane is stretched (for example, by cell swelling). 相似文献
13.
Sweat rate may affect sweat lactate concentration. The current study examined potential gender differences in sweat lactate
concentrations because of varying sweat rates. Males (n=6) and females (n=6) of similar age, percentage body fat, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) completed constant load (CON) cycling (30 min – approximately 40% VO2max) and interval cycling (INT) (15 1-min intervals each separated by 1 min of rest) trials at 32 (1) °C wet bulb globe temperature
(WBGT). Trials were preceded by 15 min of warm-up (0.5 kp, 60 rpms) and followed by 15 min of rest. Blood and sweat samples
were collected at 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 min during each trial. Total body water loss was used to calculate sweat rate. Blood
lactate concentrations (CON ≅ 2 mmol · l−1, INT ≅ 6 mmol · l−1) and sweat lactate concentrations (CON and INT ≅ 12 mmol · l−1) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) at any time between genders for CON or INT. Overall sweat rates (ml · h−1) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between trials but were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) for males than for females for CON [779.7 (292.6) versus 450.3 (84.6) ml · h−1] and INT [798.0 (268.3) versus 503.0 (41.4) ml · h−1]. However, correcting for surface area diminished the difference [CON: 390.7 (134.4) versus 277.7 (44.4) ml · h−1, INT: 401.5 (124.1) versus 310.6 (23.4) ml · h−1 (P ≤ 0.07)]. Estimated total lactate secretion was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in males for CON and INT. Results suggest that sweat rate differences do not affect sweat lactate concentrations between
genders.
Accepted: 7 February 2000 相似文献
14.
Samani NJ Braund PS Erdmann J Götz A Tomaszewski M Linsel-Nitschke P Hajat C Mangino M Hengstenberg C Stark K Ziegler A Caulfield M Burton PR Schunkert H Tobin MD 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2008,86(11):1233-1241
Through genome-wide association studies, we have recently identified seven novel loci that confer a substantial increase in
risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Elucidating the mechanisms by which these loci affect CAD risk could have important
clinical utility. Here, we investigated whether these loci act through mechanisms involving traditional cardiovascular risk
factors. We genotyped 2,037 adult individuals from 520 nuclear families characterised for body mass index, waist-hip ratio,
24-h ambulatory blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose for the lead single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) in the seven CAD-associated loci. SNP rs599839, representing the locus in the vicinity of the PSRC1 and CELSR2 genes on chromosome 1p13.3, showed a strong association with total cholesterol. The CAD-associated risk allele A of rs599839
(allele frequency 0.78) was associated with a 0.17-mmol/l (95% CI 0.10 to 0.24 mmol/l) higher serum cholesterol level per
allele copy (P = 3.84 × 10−6). The association of the A allele with higher total cholesterol was confirmed in an independent cohort (n = 847) of healthy adults (P = 1.0 × 10−4) and related to an effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P = 8.56 × 10−5). An association of rs599839 with LDL cholesterol was also shown in 1,090 cases with myocardial infarction (P = 0.0026). None of the other variants showed a strong association with the measured cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting
that these loci act through other mechanisms. However, the novel CAD-associated locus in the vicinity of the PSRC1 and CELSR2 genes on chromosome 1 probably enhances CAD risk through an effect on plasma LDL cholesterol. The findings support further
investigation of the role of these genes in cholesterol metabolism and coronary risk.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Nilesh J. Samani, Peter S. Braund and Jeanette Erdmann contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
15.
M. E. Pearce D. A. Cunningham A. P. Donner P. A. Rechnitzer G. M. Fullerton J. H. Howard 《European journal of applied physiology》1983,52(1):115-119
Summary Oxygen uptake-velocity regression equations were developed for floor and level treadmill walking by having two groups of men,
aged 19–29 years (n=20) and 55–66 years (n=22), walk at four self-selected paces, from “rather slowly” to “as fast as possible”. A two-variable quadratric model relating
VO2 (ml·kg−1·min−1) to velocity (m·s−1) was adopted for prediction purposes. However, age and fatness significantly (p<0.05) interacted with treadmill walking speed, while age alone significantly interacted with floor speed. In addition, a
significant difference was found between the energy cost of floor and treadmill walking. For example at the normal walking
speed of 1.33 m·s−1, the energy cost for the treadmill (age 55–66 years) was 10.58 ml·kg−1·min−1 and for the floor, 11.04 ml·kg−1·min−1 (p<0.05). Four quadratic equations are therefore presented, one each for floor and treadmill in each of the two age-groups.
The percent variance explained was between 87 and 95% for each of these equations.
Supported by a grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health (DM449) 相似文献
16.
Modulation of the transient outward K+ current by inhibition of endothelin-A receptors in normal and hypertrophied rat hearts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wagner M Goltz D Stucke C Schwoerer AP Ehmke H Volk T 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2007,454(4):595-604
Inhibition of endothelin-A (ETA) receptors has been shown to reduce ventricular electrical abnormalities associated with cardiac failure. In this study,
we investigate the effect of ETA-receptor inhibition on the development of regional alterations of the transient outward K+ current (I
to) in the setting of pressure-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in female Sprague–Dawley
rats by stenosis of the ascending aorta (AS) for 7 days. Treatment with the selective ETA-receptor antagonist darusentan (LU135252, 35 mg [kg body weight]−1 day−1) was started 1 day before the surgery. AS induced a 46% increase in the relative LV weight (p < 0.001) and caused a significant reduction in I
to (at +40 mV) in epicardial myocytes (19.5 ± 1.2 pA pF−1, n = 32 vs 23.2 ± 1.2 pA pF−1, n = 35, p < 0.05). Darusentan further reduced I
to in AS (15.4 ± 1.3 pA pF−1, n = 37, p < 0.05) and sham-operated animals (19.8 ± 1.6 pA pF−1, n = 48, ns.). The effects of AS and darusentan on I
to were significant and independent as tested by two-way analysis of variance. I
to was not affected in endocardial myocytes. These results indicate that endothelin-1 may exert a tonic effect on the magnitude
of I
to in the epicardial region of the left ventricle but that ETA-receptor activation is not necessary for the development of electrical alterations associated with pressure-induced hypertrophy. 相似文献
17.
Hautala AJ Kiviniemi AM Mäkikallio TH Kinnunen H Nissilä S Huikuri HV Tulppo MP 《European journal of applied physiology》2006,96(5):535-542
Large individual differences in the responsiveness of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) to endurance training have been observed in healthy subjects. We tested the hypothesis that subjects with a poor responsiveness
to endurance training might benefit from resistance training in terms of aerobic fitness. The study population consisted of
sedentary healthy male and female subjects (n=91, 42±5 year) assigned to either a training (n=73) or a control group (n=18). The randomized cross-over study design included a 2-week laboratory-controlled endurance or resistance training period
with a 2-month detraining period between the interventions. Large individual differences were observed in the changes of VO2peak (ΔVO2peak) after both the endurance (average 8±6 %, P<0.001, range −5 to +22%) and resistance training (average 4±5%, P<0.001, range −8 to +16%). The average increase in ΔVO2peak between genders was similar after both the endurance (8±6% for both genders, P=ns) and resistance training (3±5% for males and 5±6% for females, P=ns). There was no linear relationship between the changes in VO2peak after each training intervention (r=−.09, P=ns). On the contrary, when the study group was divided into quartiles according to the endurance training response (1±3,
6±1, 9±1, and 16±3% increase in VO2peak), the group with the lowest response to endurance training increased VO2peak after the resistance training intervention (ΔVO2peak 7±5%, P<0.001). The individual responsiveness of VO2peak to exercise training is related to the mode of training. The healthy males and females whose training response is low after
endurance training seem to result in a marked improvement in their cardiorespiratory fitness by resistance training. 相似文献
18.
Bashir Z Miller J Miyan JA Thorniley MS 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2006,175(1):127-138
Determination of hydrocephalus and its severity is important for optimal management of the condition. We have used near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess changes in concentrations of oxygenated (O2Hb), deoxygenated (HHb), total haemoglobin (tHb) and cytochrome c oxidase (Caa3) in normal and hydrocephalic Texas (HTx) rats in response to a 5 min head down tilt and a sodium pentobarbitone (NaPB) challenge. The former was used to test vascular responses and the latter to test metabolic responses. The haemoglobin oxygenation index (HbD) was derived which provides information regarding oxygen utilisation ([HbD]=[O2Hb]−[HHb]). With the tilt challenge, a significant (P=0.001) difference was observed in [HbD] between normal (n=24) and hydrocephalic (n=14) rats (–3.50 (−6.00 to 0.00) μM cm−1 and 7.50 (0.75 to 14.25) μM cm−1, respectively). In another experiment we tested the response of ten rats to NaPB administration and observed a significant difference (P=0.008) in [Caa3] between normal (n=5) and hydrocephalic (n=5) rats (−6.60 (−7.55 to −5.50) μM cm−1 and −2.20 (−5.60 to −1.05) μM cm−1, respectively). Coronal sections of these ten rat brains were analysed and significant (P<0.05) relationships were found between some of the NIRS parameters and cortical thickness or lateral ventricle area measurements. Our studies demonstrate that a significant difference in cerebral oxygenation and haemodynamics can be observed between normal and hydrocephalic HTx rats using NIRS. 相似文献
19.
T. Seenivasagan Kavita R. Sharma K. Sekhar K. Ganesan Shri Prakash R. Vijayaraghavan 《Parasitology research》2009,104(4):827-833
Oviposition pheromones specifically influence the females of many insects to lay eggs in the sites resulting in more egg deposition.
A previous report describes the principal role of n-heneicosane (C21) identified and characterized from the larval cuticle of Aedes aegypti (L.) in attracting the gravid mosquitoes to oviposit in treated substrates among other chemical components. However, the
means by which this compound is perceived by the females for oviposition has not been reported. In this study, we have recorded
the peripheral olfactory responses from the antenna of Ae. aegypti from 10−7 g to 10−3 g doses of n-heneicosane. The EAG response of female mosquitoes increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing stimulus strength.
In the orientation assay using Y-maze olfactometer, female mosquitoes were attracted to the odor plume of 10−6 g and 10−5 g dose, while the higher dose of 10−3 g plume enforced repellency to gravid mosquitoes. The response to oviposition substrates by gravid Ae. aegypti females differed across the range of concentrations of n-heneicosane under multiple choice conditions, larger number of eggs were deposited in 10 ppm (10 mg/l) solutions compared
to lower and higher concentrations indicating 10 ppm was most attractive. Application of n-heneicosane at 10 ppm in breeding habitats will be a useful method to attract the gravid mosquitoes using ovitraps for surveillance
and monitoring. The possible use of this compound in monitoring of mosquito population in endemic areas in relevance to integrated
vector management strategies is discussed in detail. 相似文献
20.
Different dietary fatty acids affect eicosanoid metabolism in different ways, thus influencing the pro- and anti-inflammatory
balance of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of [n−3], [n−6], and [n−9] fatty acids on eicosanoid metabolism and histopathology in acute pancreatitis in rats. Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley
rats were randomized into five groups (n = 15). Group 1 underwent only laparotomy, while in groups, 2–5 pancreatitis was induced. Groups 1 and 2 were then given saline
infusion, groups 3–5 received fat emulsion (group 3: rich in [n−6], group 4: rich in [n−9], group 5: rich in [n−3] fatty acids) for another 18 h. Infusion rich in [n−3] fatty acids significantly decreased histopathological severity of pancreatitis, compared to all other groups. There was
no difference concerning the concentrations of prostaglandins and leukotrienes between all groups. Parenteral infusion rich
in [n−3] fatty acids reduced histopathological severity of acute pancreatitis in rats without changing eicosanoid metabolism at
the endpoint. 相似文献