北京高校心理危机运行机制现状

大学生自杀等危机事件不仅威胁到高校师生身体健康和生命安全,严重影响了高校的正常教学科研秩序,而且给高校的管理工作带来了巨大冲击.心理危机预防干预体系的建构是危机干预工作的基础,也是大学生心理健康教育工作不可或缺的组成部分;建立科学、规范的心理危机预防干预体系是预防和减少大学生自杀等危机事件的有效途径.现对北京市高校心理危机预防和干预工作进行分析,为高校心理健康教育工作提供参考.     

1例自杀倾向大学生的心理危机干预田番茁

目的探讨大学生心理危机干预办法，防范意外发生。方法采用心理咨询的方法，要求咨询教师与求助学生保持联系。对1例有自杀倾向的大学生，进行心理危机干预案例分析。结果患者自杀未遂，被及时解救，前后进行5次心理咨询学生症状缓解后达到了预期效果。结论学校心理咨询有其特殊性，充分发挥学院心理辅导员、寝室心理互助员作用，注重家校合作和日常宣传教育，对心理危机的预防和干预具有重要意义。     

中学生自杀行为的预防对策思考

中学生自杀现象日益严重,消除中学生自杀心理根源是预防中学生自杀的关键.有效预防中学生自杀现象,它有赖于国家宏观改革与学校微观创新的共同努力,着重在国家、社会、医疗、学校、家庭和学生等6方面考量,完善心理危机干预体系,减少中学生自杀事件的发生.     

SARS期间哈尔滨市居民心理健康状况、影响因素及干预对策研究

目的:了解SARS期间民众心理健康状况及其影响因素,为制定有效的干预策略提供决策依据。方法:采用定量与定性相结合的方式对城市、农村以及流动人口问卷调查,并对相关部门领导进行访谈。结果:SARS期间民众异常心理状况普遍存在。政府、专业机构、媒体与大众的心理状况密切相关,应充分关注对突发公共卫生事件心理恐慌和危机的及时、有效的干预,并建立综合、系统的突发公共卫生事件心理危机干预网络。     

高职高专大学生自杀预防与干预机制研究

目的 分析高职高专院校学生自杀行为及自杀预防与干预机制的建设与运行现状况,为进一步健全该类学校自杀预防与干预机制提供科学依据.方法 采用大学生健康调查表(UPI)对四川省部分高职高专院校2004、2005级学生进行调查;实地考察和访谈,了解四川省部分高职高专院校学生自杀预防与干预机制的建设与运行现状.结果 被调查高职高专大学生中有自杀意念的占2.7%,自杀完成率2.87/10万;被调查学校建立了自杀干预机制.结论 高职高专大学生自杀率低于本科生及其他同龄人;学校自杀预防与干预机制有效.     

上海市黄浦区中学生预防自杀健康教育近期效果评价

目的通过对自助式阅读预防自杀手册的近期效果进行评价,为进一步开展预防自杀活动提供依据。方法编写"青少年抗逆力培养"自助阅读健康教育手册,供项目试点学校学生阅读,采用整群分层随机抽样的方法,在试点学校中每个年级抽2个班级,共588人,作自助阅读预防自杀的健康教育近期效果评价,并用访谈法在两所试点学校作访谈。结果多数访谈学生认为自助阅读手册通俗易懂,其形式能引起阅读兴趣等,少数学生认为"太浅"。初中生阅读前后知晓率分别为56.25%和81.42%,高中生阅读前后知晓率分别为52.69%与75.27%。结论采用编写自助阅读小册子的方式,适合青少年开展预防自杀的心理健康教育。     

大学生对自杀行为的认知、态度及其影响因素的分析

目的了解大学生对自杀行为的态度、看法及其影响因素,为在高校开展自杀预防与干预工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,应用贝克抑郁量表（BDI）和自杀态度与知识量表,对暨南大学的本科生进行问卷调查。结果 30.7%的大学生认为自杀未遂与自杀死亡程度是相似的,认为自杀是不可预防、不可以自我控制的分别占21.5%和15.5%,45.3%的大学生歧视自杀。有自杀意念的学生比无自杀意念的更倾向于认为自杀未遂与自杀死亡程度相似、自杀不可预防、自杀无法自我控制;女生比男生更认同自杀是可以自我控制的;经济/管理类学生、来自香港、澳门、台湾的学生、家庭经济好的学生更加歧视自杀;个人每月生活费、家庭对本人读书的负担、学习成绩满意度是影响大学生自杀看法与态度的因素。结论应加强心理健康的宣传教育,提高大学生对自杀行为的正确认识,促进大学生身心健康发展,预防自杀的发生。     

大学生自杀行为的保护性因素分析

心理危机预防与干预是目前高校心理健康工作中极其重要也是相对薄弱的环节.目前,关于自杀的相关研究主要集中在自杀意念、自杀行为、自杀成因、自杀风险评估、预警等级等[1].然而,如何找到影响大学生自杀的关键因素,从而对有潜在自杀风险的大学生进行有效预防与干预,进而降低自杀行为的发生,是自杀研究的真正价值所在[2].     

大学生心理危机干预困境与应对策略

近年来大学生心理危机事件频发,社会对高校心理健康教育与咨询工作的期望和要求不断提高.《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》(以下简称"《精神卫生法》")颁布实施后,对大学生心理健康教育与心理危机干预工作提出更高要求,使当前大学生心理危机干预工作在心理问题"诊断、治疗"的界定、心理健康辅导的场所和环境、学校管理与学生权益平衡、高校咨询师的咨询资质等方面都面临困境和挑战.作者从大学生心理危机干预工作现状研究出发,阐述了《精神卫生法》对大学生心理危机干预工作的作用和影响,界定了心理咨询与心理治疗的界限,建立了行之有效的心理危机干预体系,明确高校心理健康教育工作的职责,实施医教结合、完善高校心理健康教育工作规章制度,从而提升心理危机的应对能力.对完善大学生心理健康教育体系具有指导意义.     

我国大学生自杀现象的原因、影响因素与干预措施

自杀是大学生非正常死亡的重要原因,1998年全国卫生统计资料表明,15～35岁年龄组已成为我国自杀死亡的主要群体;而造成15～24岁年龄组死亡的原因中,自杀位居第一.大学生的自杀问题已引起了相关学者的重视,他们对大学生自杀的原因、动机、过程以及干预与预防进行了研究,为保障大学生的生命安全,提高大学生的心理健康水平以及为高校开展心理健康教育和自杀危机预防提供了理论与实践基础.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.