直肠MRI对直肠癌术前T分期评估的研究进展

直肠MRI是直肠癌术前分期的首选检查方法。高分辨T2WI可显示直肠癌的位置、形态及信号,通过判别肿瘤的浸润深度来评估直肠癌的T分期;还可以识别直肠癌壁外血管内侵犯、环周切缘阳性等预后不良因素,从而指导选择最佳治疗方案。增强T1WI可显示病变区是否存在完整的黏膜下强化带,结合形态学特征准确地区分T1及T2期肿瘤。基于直肠壁各层及周围结构的MRI征象,对直肠MRI评估直肠癌术前局部T分期的研究进展进行综述。     

腹腔镜直肠癌手术与传统开腹手术治疗直肠癌效果比较观察

目的：观察比较腹腔镜直肠癌手术与传统开腹手术治疗直肠癌的临床效果。方法：选择直肠癌86例,随机分为腹腔镜直肠癌手术组（观察组）42例和传统开腹手术组（对照组）44例。观察比较两组手术时间、手术切口长度、术中出血量、排气时间、下床活动时间、平均住院时间、清扫淋巴结数目、肿瘤距下切缘距离及术后并发症发生情况。结果：观察组手术切口长度、术中出血量、排气时间、下床活动时间和平均住院时间,均显著或非常显著少（早）于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;手术时间非常显著长于对照组（P〈0.01）;清扫淋巴结数目、肿瘤距下切缘距离,两组比较差异不显著（P〉0.05）。观察组术后并发症发生率非常显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：腹腔镜直肠癌手术治疗直肠癌近期效果优于传统开腹手术治疗。     

直肠癌术后复发的CT诊断

目的　探讨直肠癌术后复发的CT诊断价值。方法　对 47例直肠癌术后患者行低张口服造影剂结合灌肠 (保留肛门者 )进行CT平扫和增强扫描 ,对局部改变进行分类 ,分析局部复发的CT征象。结果　 47例中 ,肿瘤复发 2 6例 ,其中骶前球形软组织块 13例 ,直肠壁不规则增厚 8例 ,骶前扁平软组织块 2例 ,低密度包块 3例。复发灶强化程度高于良性病变。结论　骶前强化明显的球形、不规则、不对称性软组织影或直肠壁不规则增厚是常见的复发表现。低张灌肠结合增强CT扫描有助于直肠癌术后复发的诊断。     

直肠癌的MRI和其他图像诊断的比较研究

作者比较MRI、CT、直肠内US对直肠癌的诊断。对象为186例原发性直肠癌和126例直肠癌术后者。原发性中US检查186例,CT扫描149例,MRI70例。术后病例中MRI检查40例,CT126例,直肠内US37例。MRI及CT对直肠壁损坏深度的诊断分为三组:Ⅰ组组织学上壁深度m-pm;Ⅱ组壁深度ss-s·a_1-a_2;Ⅲ组壁深度si·ai。直肠内US能显示5层构造分为5组。m’组壁深度m;sm’组壁深度     

两种微创术式治疗高龄直肠癌患者疗效及预后分析

目的探讨不同微创术式治疗高龄直肠癌患者的疗效及预后情况。方法选取中国医科大学附属盛京医院结直肠外科自2015年1月至2017年5月被诊断为直肠癌的80例高龄患者为研究对象,根据不同的术式分为单孔组及多孔组,每组各40例。单孔组采用经脐单孔腹腔镜直肠癌手术治疗,多孔组采用传统多孔腹腔镜直肠癌手术,比较两组患者的疗效、预后及血清相关指标。结果两组患者术后均预后良好,术后复发率较低。单孔组患者的切口长度、住院时间、术后首次排气时间及术后视觉模拟评分均显著少于多孔组,手术时间长于多孔组患者,免疫炎性指标均较多孔组改善明显,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论两种微创术式治疗高龄直肠癌患者疗效显著,预后良好。其中,经脐单孔腹腔镜手术可显著减轻手术创伤及术后免疫应激反应。     

结直肠癌根治术后复发转移患者的预后因素分析

目的探讨影响结直肠癌根治术后复发转移患者生存时间的临床病理因素,为治疗方案的选择提供更多理论依据。方法收集2002年1月1日-2007年12月31日收治的住院与随访资料完整的132例结直肠癌根治术后复发转移患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其临床病理因素与生存时间的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示,单发转移者生存率高于多发转移者,直肠癌复发转移者生存率高于结肠癌复发转移者,再次手术治疗者生存率高于采用非手术治疗者。Cox回归模型多因素分析表明,复发转移后的治疗方式、复发转移部位的数目、原发肿瘤的侵袭深度、淋巴结转移等与患者的生存时间相关,其中复发转移后的治疗方式是最重要的影响因素。结论结直肠癌根治术后复发转移者以直肠癌居多,但其预后优于结肠癌复发转移者;复发转移后再次手术治疗有助于改善预后。     

3.0T磁共振IVIM-DWI参数与直肠中分化腺癌T分期相关性的初步研究

目的：探讨3.0T MR 体素内不相干运动-扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)参数与直肠中分化腺癌 T 分期的关系。方法收集37例直肠中分化腺癌患者的直肠 MRI 图像(包括 IVIM-DWI 序列)及临床资料;根据肿瘤是否突破固有肌层,将 T 分期分为未突破组(T1、T2期)和突破组(T3、T4期);测量直肠癌与正常直肠壁真实扩散系数(D)、假扩散系数(D?)、灌注分数(f)和表观扩散系数(ADC)值,比较直肠癌与正常直肠壁,不同 T 分期,不同分组直肠癌各参数值之间的差异,分析 IVIM-DWI 参数和 ADC 值与直肠中分化腺癌 T 分期的关系。结果直肠癌的 D、D?、f 和 ADC 值均低于正常直肠壁,其中 D、f 和 ADC 值差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);不同 T 分期肿瘤 D 和 D?值的差异有统计学意义,LSD 法两两比较显示 T1期与 T4期,T3期与 T4期肿瘤的 D?值差异有统计学意义(P =0.017、0.003),T2期与 T3期肿瘤 D 值差异有统计学意义(P =0.005);未突破组与突破组肿瘤 D 值分别约(0.93±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s、(0.77±0.19)×10-3 mm2/s,D?值分别约(12.6±2.44)×10-3 mm2/s、(12.3±3.49)×10-3 mm2/s,f值分别约(27.1±2.94)%、(24.6±4.13)%,ADC 值分别约(0.95±0.09)×10-3 mm2/s、(0.87±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s,其中 D 值的差异有统计学意义(t=2.512,P =0.017)。结论IVIM-DWI 参数和 ADC 值能够区分直肠癌和正常直肠壁,D 值可以辅助鉴别直肠癌是否突破固有肌层。     

局部进展期直肠癌壁外静脉侵犯MRI:与肿瘤复发及整体生存率的关系

正摘要目的探讨新辅助化疗-放疗后手术治疗局部进展期直肠癌病人治疗前MRI界定的壁外静脉侵犯(EMVI)与预后的关系。材料与方法这项回顾性研究纳入了从2008年8     

不同原发部位结直肠癌差异性研究

<正>结直肠癌是我国发病率和病死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一[1]。临床上多以结肠脾曲为界,将结肠划分为左、右半结肠。左、右半结肠癌的临床表现、病理特征、分子机制及预后等均有所不同,将不同原发部位结直肠癌视为不同肿瘤有利于疾病的精准治疗。本研究旨在对不同原发部位结直肠癌的差异性进行综述。现报道如下。1 解剖和胚胎来源右半结肠和远端结直肠(左半结肠和直肠)具有不同的胚胎起源,右半结肠起源于中肠,而远端结直肠起源于后肠。在解剖上,远端结直肠和右半     

弯管型吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的临床应用

目的　探讨弯管型吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。　方法　总结了 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 6月间用弯管型吻合器对 4 2例低位直肠癌病人保肛吻合手术的应用体会。　结果　术后无一例发生吻合口出血、狭窄和吻合口瘘等并发症 ;且端侧吻合的直肠近端肠管具有一定的粪便储存功能 ,有效地预防了直肠癌术后的稀便问题。对于拒绝接受 miles手术的直肠癌病人 ,亦可使用弯管型吻合器做低位直肠癌手术 ,取得了预期的治疗效果。　结论　国产弯管型吻合器的长度及弯度均较适宜 ,手术对于低位直肠的吻合经腹用吻合器做端侧吻合 ,灵活性明显优于直型吻合器 ,操作起来十分方便 ,性能安全可靠 ,手术时间明显缩短     

CT features of metastatic linitis plastica to the rectum in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis

OBJECTIVE: We examined the CT features of 22 patients with metastatic linitis plastica to the rectum. CONCLUSION: Metastatic linitis plastica to the rectum should be considered when CT shows a long segment of circumferential rectal wall thickening, especially in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer. In such patients, CT helps avoid unnecessary extensive surgery.     

Linitis plastica of the rectum secondary to bladder carcinoma: a report of two cases and its MR features

Rectal linitis plastica (RLP) is a circumferentially infiltrating intramural anaplastic carcinoma that results in a rigid constricted rectum with thickened walls. A long delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis often occurs because RLP can mimic a lot of diseases and endoscopy and biopsies are often negative, owing to the fact that the mucosa is frequently unaffected in RLP. RLP secondary to bladder cancer is rarely described in the English literature. We present the first report of the MR features of secondary rectal linitis plastica from a bladder carcinoma. Two patients presented with changed bowel habits. All diagnostic tests were inconclusive. In both patients, pelvic T(2) weighted MR images revealed a double-layered thickening of the rectal wall with an inner isointense circumferential thickening of the submucosa and outer hypointense circumferential thickening of the muscular rectal wall. Based on MRI, further investigations were performed and secondary RLP was diagnosed. It is important to establish the diagnosis of RLP early because of its bad prognosis. The value of MRI in supporting the diagnosis of RLP should not be underestimated. As endoscopy plus biopsy can often be negative, we suggest that, if pelvic MRI shows a concentric double layered thickening of the rectal wall over a long segment, then the diagnosis of RLP should be considered. This should prompt further investigations either to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of RLP by performing endoscopy with deep rectal wall biopsies.     

Benefits & pitfalls of administration of rectal gel enema in MRI assessment of rectal cancer

Objectives

To assess diagnostic benefits of filling of the rectum with ultrasound gel during MR assessment of rectal cancer and the pitfalls that occurs due to rectal distention.

Organ Movements and Dose Exposures in Teletherapy of Prostate Cancer using a Rectal Balloon

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: During radiotherapy of localized prostate cancer, organ movements for the dose exposure of organs at risk like rectum, urinary bladder and urethra play, inter alia, a significant role. One possibility of internal organ stabilizing is offered by the usage of a rectal balloon during radiotherapy. The influence on organ movements and dose allocation of the organs at risk is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients (Table 1) were characterized based on planning-CT's regarding organ movements and organ doses using a rectal balloon, inflated with 0 ml and 60 ml air. For the determination of the organ doses, three-dimensional conformal radiation plans (3-field-pelvis box) with a cumulative dose of 59.4 Gy were created, and the dose-volume-histograms for the anterior rectal wall, the posterior rectal wall, the rectal mucosa, the whole rectum, as well as the urinary bladder were compared (Figures 1 and 2). RESULTS: The application of a 60 ml air-filled rectal balloon during each fraction of teletherapy led to significant organ movements of the anterior and posterior rectal wall and to a reduction of the transversal prostate diameter, as well as to a changed organ dose exposure of the organs at risk. A ventral shift of the anterior rectal wall (maximum 0.8 cm, mean 0.4 cm) was shown, as well as a dorsal shift of the posterior rectal wall (maximum 1.2 cm, mean 0.7 cm), associated with a transversal prostate diameter decrease (maximum 0.8 cm, mean 0.3 cm) (Table 2, Figure 3). The organ dose of the anterior rectal wall increased significantly (maximum 1.3 Gy, mean 0.5 Gy) during application of a rectal balloon, the one of the posterior rectal wall decreased significantly (maximum 18.6 Gy, mean 6.5 Gy). Related to the entire rectal mucosa and the rectum as a complete organ, a decrease of the maximum doses was shown (rectal mucosa: maximum 9.1 Gy, mean 3.0 Gy; rectum: maximum 9.4 Gy, mean 3.7 Gy). The organ dose of the urinary bladder did not show significant changes (Tables 3 and 4, Figures 4 to 7). CONCLUSION: The application of a rectal balloon in teletherapy of localized prostate cancer leads to significantly changed dose exposition of organs at risk. The decreased dose exposure of the posterior rectal wall and the rectal mucosa is opposed by the higher organ dose of the anterior rectal wall. It has to be shown weather documented organ dose exposure is associated with short and long-term consequences.     

Assessing tumor perfusion and treatment response in rectal cancer with multisection CT: initial observations

PURPOSE: To use first-pass perfusion computed tomography (CT) to prospectively investigate tumor vascularity in rectal cancer and to determine whether any of the perfusion parameters would predict tumor response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study, and informed prior consent was obtained from participants. Perfusion CT of rectal cancer was performed with four-section multi-detector row CT in 15 patients (13 men, two women; mean age, 62.1 years; age range, 46-84 years). Five patients with prostate cancer served as controls. All patients with rectal cancer underwent 6-8 weeks of chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by surgery. In nine patients, perfusion CT was repeated after completion of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Contrast medium-enhanced dynamic CT was performed with a static table position for 45 seconds, and the data were analyzed by using commercial software to calculate tissue blood flow (BF), blood volume, mean transit time (MTT), and vascular permeability-surface area product. Perfusion parameters of normal rectum and tumor were compared. Perfusion parameters before and after chemotherapy and radiation therapy were compared. A tumor was considered to have responded if its stage at pathologic analysis indicated regression compared with the preoperative stage. Baseline perfusion values were compared between responders and nonresponders. Statistical analysis was performed with the Student t test. RESULTS: Rectal cancer showed higher BF and shorter MTT compared with those of normal rectum (P < or =.05). After chemotherapy and radiation therapy, tumors showed significant reduction in BF and increase in MTT (P < or =.05). There was a significant difference in baseline BF and MTT values between responders and nonresponders (P < or =.05). Tumors in three patients with high initial BF and short MTT showed poor response. CONCLUSION: Perfusion CT of rectal cancer can enable assessment of tumor vascularity and perfusion changes that result from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In this small patient sample, tumors with initial high BF and short MTT values tended to respond poorly to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.     

Rectal malignant stromal tumor (leiomyosarcoma): echoendoscopic, computed tomographic aspects and anatomopathologic correlations]

We report the CT and endorectal us features of a malignant stromal tumor of the rectum (leiomyosarcoma). On CT scan, rectal leiomyosarcoma appeared as a large soft tissue mass, arising from the anterior rectal wall with exorectal extension. On endorectal US, the rectal leiomyosarcoma presented as a well-defined hypoechogenic and heterogeneous mass arising from the rectal muscularis propria. The uncommon location of leiomyosarcoma to the rectum may simulate other rectal tumors such as adenocarcinoma on CT. As suggested by this report, endorectal us demonstrated the muscular origin of the tumor.     

弧形切割吻合器在低位或超低位直肠癌行前切除58例分析

目的探讨弧形切割吻合器在低位或超低位直肠癌行前切除的安全性和应用价值。方法 2006年1月—2012年2月选择58例低位或超低位直肠癌患者按全直肠系膜切除原则行前切除,采用弧形切割吻合器对直肠肛侧残端进行切割、闭合,采用33 mm管型吻合器进行低位结肠-直肠吻合术。结果 58例低位或超低位直肠癌患者中没有发生切割和闭合不全的病例,无吻合口渗漏。术后发生吻合口瘘2例(3.45%),经横结肠造口转流瘘愈合,3个月后造口还纳。无吻合口狭窄病例。结论弧形切割吻合器在低位或超低位直肠癌行前切除术中切割完全、闭合可靠、操作方便,具有安全性和应用价值。