CT-guided percutaneous laser photocoagulation of osteoid osteomas of the hands and feet

Percutaneous local ablation of osteoid osteoma has largely replaced surgery, except in the small bones of the hands and feet. The objective of this study was to describe the technical specificities and results of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous laser photocoagulation in 15 patients with osteoid osteomas of the hands and feet. We retrospectively examined the medical charts of the 15 patients who were treated with CT-guided percutaneous laser photocoagulation therapy at our institution between 1994 and 2004. The 15 patients had a mean age of 24.33 years. None of them had received any prior surgical or percutaneous treatment for the osteoid osteoma. The follow-up period was 24 to 96 months (mean, 49.93). The pain resolved completely within 1 week. Fourteen patients remained symptom-free throughout the follow-up period; the remaining patient experienced a recurrence of pain after 24 months, underwent a second laser photocoagulation procedure, and was symptom-free at last follow-up 45 months later. No adverse events related to the procedure or to the location of the tumor in the hand or the foot were recorded. CT-guided percutaneous laser photocoagulation is an alternative to surgery for the treatment of osteoid osteomas of the hands and feet.     

Computed tomography in suspected osteoid osteomas of tubular bones

Six cases of suspected osteoid osteoma of tubular bones were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In all cases a radiolucent nidus was clearly demonstrated. In two cases a radiodense center of the nidus was visualized. It is suggested that CT may replace conventional tomography in the evaluation of these lesions. Due to its ability to locate the lesion in the transverse plane, CT is superior for the exact planning of surgery to avoid unnecessary large or misdirected resections. Adequate window settings are essential in the evaluation of these lesions.     

Percutaneous treatment of osteoid osteoma by laser thermocoagulation under computed tomography guidance in pediatric patients

To evaluate the efficiency of laser thermocoagulation under computed tomography (CT) guidance in the treatment of osteoid osteoma within a strictly pediatric group. Twenty-five patients aged 4 to 17 years were treated under CT by laser thermocoagulation. The nidus measured on average 10.1 mm. Pain relief was the main item for evaluation of the effectiveness of our treatment. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 61 months (mean, 26 months). Technical success was achieved in 100%. Thermocoagulation proved to be initially effective in 24 of 25 children (96%) and had a positive long-term effect in 23 of 25 children (92%). We had four minor complications and one severe complication (partial osteonecrosis of the talus). Laser thermocoagualation is an effective treatment for osteoid osteoma in pediatric patients.     

MR imaging-guided laser ablation of osteoid osteomas with use of optical instrument guidance at 0.23 T

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and features of low-field MR imaging in performing interstitial laser ablation of osteoid osteomas. Between September 2001 and April 2002, five consecutive patients with clinical and imaging findings suggesting osteoid osteoma and referred for removal of osteoid osteoma were treated with interstitial laser treatment. A low-field open-configuration MRI scanner (0.23 T, Outlook Proview, Philips Medical Systems, Finland) with optical instrument guidance hardware and software was used. Laser device used was of ND-Yag type (Fibertom medilas, Dornier Medizin Technik, Germany). A bare laser fiber (Dornier Medizin Technik, Germany) with a diameter of 400 μm was used. Completely balanced steady-state (CBASS; true fast imaging with steady precession) imaging was used for lesion localization, instrument guidance, and thermal monitoring. A 14-G (Cook Medical, USA) bone biopsy drill was used for initial approach. Laser treatment was conducted through the biopsy canal. All the lesions were successfully localized, targeted, and treated under MRI guidance. All the patients were symptom free 3 weeks and 3 months after the treatment. There was one recurrence reported during follow-up (6 months). The MRI-guided percutaneous interstitial laser ablation of osteoid osteomas seems to be a feasible treatment mode.     

骨样骨瘤的X线、CT和MRI表现和诊断价值

目的分析骨样骨瘤的X线、CT和MRI表现,评价它们的诊断价值。方法经手术病理证实,同时有X线、CT和MRI检查的骨样骨瘤22例,其中男19例,女3例。分析X线、CT和MRI对瘤巢和瘤巢周围改变的显示能力。结果X线、CT和MRI分别有17、22和20例表现为有一圆形或卵圆形小于2cm的瘤巢,瘤巢周围可有程度不一的骨质硬化、骨膜反应、软组织及骨髓腔水肿或相邻关节的肿胀。X线诊断的准确率为77.3%（17/22）;CT诊断的准确率为100%（22/22）;MR诊断的准确率为90.9%（20/22）。结论大多数的骨样骨瘤具有较典型的影像学表现,易于诊断,其中以CT对瘤巢的定位最为准确,单凭X线或MR的表现可因未能显示瘤巢而误、漏诊。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of osteoid osteomas: factors affecting therapeutic outcome

Objective To examine factors which affect local recurrence of osteoid osteomas treated with percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation.Design and patients A prospective study was carried out on 45 patients with osteoid osteoma who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation with a minimum follow-up of 12 monthsResults There were seven local recurrences (16%); all occurred within the first year. Local recurrence was significantly related to a non-diaphyseal location (P<0.01). There was no significant relationship (P=0.05) between local recurrence and age of the patient, duration of symptoms, previous treatment, size of the lesion, positive biopsy, radiofrequency generator used or the number of needle positions. There were no complications.Conclusions Osteoid osteomas in a non-diaphyseal location are statistically more likely to recur than those in a diaphyseal location when treated with CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation. This relationship between local recurrence and location has not been previously reported.     

Percutaneous removal of osteoid osteomas using CT control

A method is described whereby an osteoid osteoma may be conveniently removed on an outpatient basis, using a bone biopsy drill and CT control.     

Arthroscopic removal of juxtaarticular osteoid osteoma of the elbow

A case of a 42-year-old male patient with symptomatic juxtaarticular osteoid osteoma of the capitulum humeri is presented. After the clinical diagnosis was confirmed with plain radiographs, bone scan, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the patient underwent arthroscopic removal of the lesion. A partial synoviectomy was performed first and then the center of the lesion was marked with Kirschner wire using the X-ray monitoring. The marked lesion was transarticularly removed with a motorized shaver device. Post-operatively, the patient reported prompt relief of pain that had not reoccurred during 1 year of follow up. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the arthroscopic removal of juxtaarticular osteoid osteoma of the humeral capitulum which promises to be an effective and less invasive alternative to the existing treatment options.     

Didactic review of 175 radionuclide-guided excisions of osteoid osteomas

The complete removal of a lesion which resembles, or is covered by adjacent tissue may be difficult. Therefore, the capacity of certain lesions to specifically concentrate a radiopharmaceutical has been used to orient progress during surgery. Usually, the measurements of radioactivity in the operative field are carried out by means of small, handy radiation-detecting probes which can be sterilized. Intra-operative nuclear medicine or radionuclide-guided surgery has steadily gained in importance. However, this technique is not being taught. Our study, based on radionuclide-guided surgery of 175 orthopaedic patients suspected of having osteoid osteoma, is well suited to teach the particularities of intra-operative radiation detection, as well as the collaboration between the nuclear physician and the surgeon in the operating theatre.Part of this work was carried out when M.W. and A. S.-A. were at the Saint-Antoine (Paris) and Henri Mondor (Créteil) hospitals respectively.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of spinal osteoid osteoma under CT guidance

Objective:

Osteoid osteoma (OO) accounts for approximately 10–12% of all benign bone tumours and 3% of all bone tumours. Spinal involvement appears in 10–25% of all cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation in the treatment of spinal OOs and report our experience.

Methods:

13 patients suffering from spinal OO and treated at the authors'' institution using CT-guided RF ablation were retrospectively evaluated. The RF probe was introduced through a 11-G Jamshidi® needle, and the lesion was heated at 90 ^°C for 6 min.

Results:

All procedures were considered technically successful as the correct positioning of the probe was proven by CT. 11 of the 13 patients reported pain relief after RF ablation. In two cases, RF ablation was repeated 1 month after the first procedure. Pain relief was achieved in both cases after the second procedure. No recurrence was reported throughout the follow-up. No complications like skin burn, soft-tissue haematoma, infection, vessel damage or neurological deficit were reported.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that CT-guided percutaneous RF ablation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of spinal OOs.

Advances in knowledge:

The data of this study support the efficacy and safety of the recently applied CT-guided percutaneous RF ablation technique for the treatment of spinal OOs.Osteoid osteoma (OO) represents a benign bone tumour first described by Jaffe¹ in 1935. The lesion accounts for approximately 10–12% of all benign bone tumours and 3% of all bone tumours. It is characterized by a nidus, consisting of osteoid, osteoblasts and fibrovascular stroma, surrounded by sclerotic bone usually measuring <1.5 cm in diameter. OOs are characteristically seen in children and young adults with a predilection for long bones, particularly in lower extremities.² Spinal involvement usually affecting the posterior elements appears in 10–25% of all cases.^3,4 The typical symptom is localized pain typically worsening at night, ameliorated by the administration of salicylates (acetylsalicylic acid) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In spinal cases of OO, radiation of pain distally to the lesion site might simulate radiculopathy similar to disc herniation especially if the lesion is located close to a nerve root. Painful antalgic scoliosis is frequent in thoracolumbar lesions in children and adolescents.^5,6 Spinal lesions are usually difficult to diagnose, and the reported delay from presentation to final diagnosis and treatment can be as long as 24 months in some cases.^7–9 Neurologic deficit does not generally appear.In the past, conventional surgical excision and more recently minimally invasive surgery techniques were the treatment of choice in cases of spinal OOs when conservative treatment with anti-inflammatory and salicylates fails or is contraindicated.^10–15Rosenthal et al¹⁶ first introduced percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of OOs. The effectiveness of RF ablation of OOs localized in the extremities and pelvis has been proven by many studies.^16–19Percutaneous RF ablation for the treatment of spinal OOs is not widely used, probably owing to the potential danger to the adjacent neural and vascular elements. In recent years, however, some clinical studies reported good results in the management of spinal OOs using CT-guided RF ablation.^8,20–23The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT-guided RF ablation in the treatment of spinal OOs and report our experience.     

骨样骨瘤的CT表现特点

目的 :分析骨样骨瘤的CT表现特点。方法 :回顾性分析 3 8例经手术病理证实的骨样骨瘤的CT表现特点。结果 :3 8例中股骨 2 1例 ,胫骨 5例 ,肱骨 3例 ,其他部位 9例。 3 8例中 3 7例有瘤巢中心钙化 ,形成“牛眼征” ;瘤巢周围见骨质硬化者 3 3例 ;骨膜反应 13例 ,内骨膜增生 8例 ,外骨膜增生 2例 ,内外骨膜均增生 3例。 9例骨髓腔内出现骨质吸收的改变。结论 :骨样骨瘤的CT表现典型 ,CT是目前诊断骨样骨瘤的常用检查技术。     

骨样骨瘤的影像学诊断

目的分析骨样骨瘤的X线、CT及MRI表现,探讨其影像学特征。方法搜集经临床及病理证实的骨样骨瘤23例,男19例,女4例。所有病例均行X线检查,其中同时行CT检查者19例,行MR检查者7例,3种检查都进行者6例。分析骨样骨瘤的X线、CT和MRI表现,及其对瘤巢和瘤巢周围改变的显示能力,总结其特征性的影像学表现。结果23例病灶均显示一直径0.2～2.1cm大小不等的圆形或椭圆形瘤巢,边界清楚,边缘骨质不同程度硬化,骨膜反应,骨髓腔及软组织水肿或关节腔积液。24例X线平片17例显示瘤巢,19例行CT检查者均清晰显示瘤巢,7例行MR检查者5例可显示瘤巢,2例需结合X线及CT检查方能肯定诊断。X线、CT及MR对瘤巢的显示率分别为73.9%(17/23)、100%(19/19)及71.4%(5/7)。结论瘤巢是骨样骨瘤的特征性表现,CT检查是诊断骨样骨瘤最准确的方法,X线检查是诊断骨样骨瘤的重要方法,MR检查对显示瘤巢周围骨髓、软组织及关节腔情况非常敏感,仅凭X线或MR的表现易造成误诊、漏诊。     

骨样骨瘤的X线和CT表现

目的 :分析骨样骨瘤的X线和CT表现。方法 :搜集经手术病理证实的骨样骨瘤 2 3例。所有病例均行X线和CT检查 ,分析影像表现特征及其对瘤巢及瘤巢周围改变的显示能力。结果 :2 3例病灶均表现为一圆形或卵圆形的透亮区 ,直径 0 .4～ 1.7cm ,平均 0 .98cm ,其周围有不同程度的骨质硬化。X线和CT对瘤巢显示率分别为 78.3 %( 18/2 3 )和 10 0 %( 2 3 /2 3 )。结论 :瘤巢是确诊骨样骨瘤的关键 ,X线平片是诊断骨样骨瘤的重要检查方法 ,CT是显示瘤巢的最佳方法。     

Imaging of intra-articular osteoid osteoma

Intra-articular osteoid osteoma accounts for approximately 13% of all osteoid osteomas and presents as a monoarthropathy. Radiographs commonly do not identify the nidus, and in this event, MRI is likely to be the next imaging investigation. MRI may show a variety of appearances depending upon the age of the lesion. This article illustrates the imaging features of intra-articular osteoid osteoma, with emphasis on MRI. CT remains the investigation of choice for identifying the nidus.     

Percutaneous extraction of an osteoid osteoma of the lumbar spine under CT guidance

We report one case of percutaneous extraction of an osteoid osteoma of the lumbar spine under CT guidance. We describe the procedure of nidus extraction. This technique allows precise removal of the nidus with pathologic verification after extraction.     

CT导引下经皮切除骨样骨瘤

评价ＣＴ导引下经皮切除骨样骨瘤的初步经验,方法３例样骨瘤,女２例,男１例,年龄分别为１３岁,１５岁和３５岁,位于股骨,胫骨和肱骨各１例,操作时病人仰卧位,硬膜外麻醉,应用骨钻针切除病变。结果３例全部准确穿刺到位,疗效肯定,均未发生任何并发症。结论ＣＴ导引下经皮切除骨样骨瘤是一种微创,安全简便和医疗费用低的治疗方法。     

CT引导下局部切除骨样骨瘤

目的:探讨CT引导下局部切除骨样骨瘤的适应证,并判断其疗效。方法:17例骨样骨瘤,男10例,女7例。取仰卧位或俯卧位,局部浸润麻醉,应用骨钻针切除病变。其中12例在钻切处注入无水酒精5 ml。结果:17例术后疼痛症状全部消失,均准确穿刺到位,疗效肯定,未发生任何并发症。结论:CT引导下经皮切除骨样骨瘤是一种微创、安全、简单有效的治疗方法。     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of osteoid osteoma of the proximal femur

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign bone tumor whose main radiological finding is nidus. OO of the proximal femur can also result in non-specific findings such as hip joint effusion, perinidal bone marrow edema and soft tissue mass. Since the nidus may be difficult to identify with MR, these non-specific findings can lead to erroneous diagnosis. Therefore, MR imaging technique should be optimized in order to identify nidus. Since MR imaging has assumed increasing importance in the evaluation of disorders of the hip, radiologists must be aware of the spectrum of findings of OO of the proximal femur. The aim of this pictorial review is to show the MR imaging findings of intra-articular and extra-articular OO of the proximal femur.