代谢综合征对急性脑梗死患者认知功能及神经功能缺损的影响

目的研究代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome MS)对急性脑梗死患者认知功能和神经功能缺损程度的影响。方法急性脑梗死患者278例,将其分为MS组和无MS组。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS)和改良Rankin评分(mRS)评定患者的神经功能缺损和残疾程度,采用简易精神状况量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评价认知功能。结果 MMSE和MoCA两种量表对患者认知功能检出结果比较有统计学差异(P<0.01);两组间MMSE和MoCA评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);MS组患者发病1天的NIHSS评分和mRS评分均高于非MS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论代谢综合征是急性脑梗死患者认知功能障碍和临床神经功能缺损加重的危险因素,MoCA量表比MMSE量表更能发现脑梗死伴代谢综合征患者轻度的血管性认知功能损害。     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在非痴呆性血管性认知功能障碍患者应用价值研究

目的:评价简易精神状态量表(MMSE)相比蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)在非痴呆性血管性认知功能障碍(VCIND)患者中的特点及早期发现VCIND的价值。方法:对120例VCIND患者和50例无认知功能障碍(NCI)脑梗死恢复期患者进行一般检查、神经功能评定检查,根据MMSE和MoCA评分程度将受试者分成NCI组50例、轻度VCIND组44例及重度VCIND组76例。比较3组MoCA和MMSE各项评分。结果:轻度VCIND组MoCA子项中视空间与执行功能、注意、语言、抽象、延迟记忆、定向及MMSE子项中回忆和定向评分均低于NCI组(P<0.05~P<0.01),重度VCIND组MoCA全部子项及MMSE子项执行功能、计算、回忆和定向评分均低于NCI组(P<0.01),重度VCIND组MoCA子项视空间与执行功能、注意、语言、延迟记忆、定向评分及MMSE子项中执行功能、回忆和定向评分均低于轻度VCIND组(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:MoCA在早期发现VCIND优于MMSE,对预测预后可能有一定的作用。     

比较简易精神状态量表与蒙特利尔认知评估量表在腔隙性脑梗死认知障碍患者中的应用价值

  目的 比较简易精神状态（MMSE）量表与蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）量表（中文版）在腔隙性脑梗死患者认知障碍评估中的应用价值。方法 首先采用中文版MMSE量表对确诊为腔隙性脑梗死患者进行筛选,然后对经过受教育程度矫正后MMSE得分正常的患者采用中文版MoCA量表进行评分,以26分作为分界值。MoCA＜26分者纳入腔隙性脑梗死认知功能障碍 (LI-CI) 组,MoCA≥26分者纳入腔隙性脑梗死认知功能正常 (LI-NC) 组,另选50例健康体检者作为对照（NC）组。比较3组患者MoCA总分及各个认知领域的得分情况。结果 MMSE得分正常的患者中53%（50/94）为MoCA评分＜26分,其认知功能与MoCA评分≥26分的患者比较,差异有统计学意义﹙P＜0.01﹚。LI-CI组在视空间与执行能力、命名、延迟记忆、抽象等认知领域得分低于LI-NC组（P＜0.05）。结论 MMSE评分正常、MoCA评测异常的患者认知损害主要表现在视空间与执行功能、命名、延迟记忆、抽象等方面。MoCA量表在筛查腔隙性脑梗死患者认知障碍方面可能比MMSE量表更敏感。     

脑卒中后情感障碍和认知功能障碍的调查分析

目的:探讨脑卒中后情感障碍和认知功能障碍的的发生率及相互关系。方法:分别采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)对120例脑卒中患者(观察组)和60例非脑血管病患者(对照组)的焦虑、抑郁症状的严重程度和认知功能进行评估。结果:观察组患者的情感障碍和认知功能障碍发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,均P0.01。观察组患者的HAMA和HAMD评分明显高于对照组,而MoCA评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义,均P0.01。脑卒中患者的MoCA评分与HAMA评分和HAMD评分呈显著负相关,HAMA评分与HAMD评分呈显著正相关,均P0.05。结论:脑卒中患者情感障碍和认知功能障碍的发生率明显增高,且两者存在一定的相关性,应加强对脑卒中患者早期心理和情感障碍的护理干预,提高其认知功能,促进患者早日康复。     

认知功能评估与CT成像在轻度认知障碍中的应用

目的 探讨认知功能评估与CT成像在轻度认知障碍中的应用.方法 采用简单智能状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)对5 0例轻度认知障碍患者(MCI组)和5 0例同期正常老年体检者(对照组),行认知功能评估,进行CT成像检测并计算海马指数.结果 对照组和MCI组之间MoCA评分和MMSE评分差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MCI组海马指数与颞角宽度和对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采用认知功能评估与CT联合检测轻度认知障碍更加快速、准确,为临床预防与治疗提供更为客观的指标.     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表对腔隙性脑梗死患者认知功能障碍的评估价值研究

目的探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)(中文版)在腔隙性脑梗死患者认知功能障碍评估中的应用价值。方法首先采用中文版简易智能状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)对确诊为腔隙性脑梗死患者进行筛选,然后对经过受教育程度矫正后MMSE得分正常的患者采用中文版MoCA进行评分,使用26分作为分界值。MoCA<26分者纳入腔隙性脑梗死认知功能障碍组(LI-CI组),MoCA≥26分者纳入腔隙性脑梗死认知功能正常组(LI-NC组)。比较两组患者MoCA评分、MMSE评分及MoCA各个认知领域得分情况。结果 MMSE得分正常的患者有53%(50/94)MoCA评分<26分,这些患者的认知功能与MoCA评分≥26分的患者比较,差异有统计学意义﹙P<0.01﹚;LI-CI组在视空间功能与执行功能、命名、抽象、延迟回忆认知领域方面得分低于LI-NC组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 MoCA在筛查腔隙性脑梗死患者认知障碍方面可能比MMSE更为敏感,对于MMSE评分正常MoCA评测异常的患者认知损害主要表现在视空间与执行功能、命名、延迟记忆以及抽象等方面。     

59例女性抑郁症患者MMSE与MoCA评估相关性研究

目的探讨抑郁症患者的MMSE和MoCA评估的特点,研究两者的相关性,并评价其临床价值。方法选择59例抑郁症患者作为抑郁组,35例正常人为对照组,均进行简易精神状态检查量表测查,排除得分低于正常值者,再进行蒙特利尔认知评估MoCA记录各项得分。结果抑郁组的MMSE总分低于对照组（P〈0.05）,计算力和回忆认知功能水平下降（P〈0.05）;MoCA总分低于对照组（P〈0.05）,执行、注意和延迟回忆认知功能水平下降（P〈0.05）。抑郁组和对照组的MoCA与MMSE总得分成正相关（γ=0.626,P〈0.05）,MoCA对MMSE达到正常值范围内的抑郁组患者的认知功能障碍检出率是49.3%。结论抑郁患者的MMSE和MoCA评分均有降低,但MoCA相对MMSE敏感性较高,对评价其认知功能损害程度相对更为全面和客观。     

焦虑症患者焦虑抑郁情绪与认知功能损害的关系

目的探讨焦虑症患者焦虑抑郁情绪与认知功能损害的关系。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2018年1月在我院诊断治疗的的焦虑症患者60例的临床资料。另选择50例健康志愿者为对照组。比较两组HAMA、HAMD及MoCA评分;分析焦虑症患者HAMA、HAMD与MoCA评分的相关性。结果焦虑症组患者HAMA评分及HAMD评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。焦虑症组患者认知功能评分中,视空间与执行能力、注意力、抽象思维、计算和定向力以及MoCA总分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HAMA与MoCA评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.566,P0.05);HAMD评分与MoCA评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.581,P0.05)。结论焦虑症患者焦虑抑郁情绪与认知功能有显著负相关的关系,提示焦虑症患者的抑郁焦虑情绪与认知功能损害有关。     

记忆抱怨主诉人群的认知功能检测及肝郁证候调查

目的 探讨记忆抱怨主诉(SMC)与客观认知功能、抑郁和肝郁证候的关系.方法 临床招募SMC组受试者95例,无SMC的对照组19例.计算简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表北京版(MoCA)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分和肝郁证候评分.然后分别以SMC及记忆力自评得分(SMC-VAS)为因变量,回归分析影响记忆抱怨主诉的因素.结果 SMC组的MMSE和MoCA得分明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),HAMD得分明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).Logstic回归显示,MMSE分值越低,HAMD分值越高,SMC的可能性越大.线性回归显示,更低的MMSE得分、更高的HAMD得分、直系家属痴呆和独居预示着更差的记忆力自评.SMC组肝郁证相关症状积分、肝郁证诊断积分明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 SMC与客观认知水平和抑郁关系密切.肝郁症状与主观认知损害自评和客观认知表现关系密切,肝郁可能是SMC中医病机之一.     

急性脑梗死患者认知功能、脑白质损伤的评定及相关性研究

目的 探讨简易精神状态测验量表(Mini-Mental Status Examination,MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知量表(Montreal CognitiveAssessment,MoCA)筛查急性脑梗死后患者发生认知异常的能力及认知损害情况;探讨脑白质损伤、脑白质内胆碱能通路损伤情况与认知损害间的相关性.方法 对88 例急性脑梗死患者予MMSE、MoCA 进行认知功能评定;完成颅脑磁共振成像(magneticresonance imaging,MRI)者予Fazekas 量表、胆碱能通路高信号评分量表(cholinergic pathways hyperintensities scale,CHIPS)测评.结果 MoCA 测评出认知异常者为83 例(94.32%),而MMSE 仅为22 例(25.00%);MoCA 测评两组间总分及各认知域比较在总分及视空间/ 执行功能、命名、语言、抽象、延迟记忆方面差异,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);MoCA 评分与Fazekas 量表评分、CHIPS 评分间存在相关性(r=-0.340,P=0.001;r=-0.343,P=0.001).结论 MoCA 较MMSE 筛查急性脑梗死后认知功能损害发生率敏感性高;脑白质损伤、脑白质内的胆碱能通路损伤程度与认知功能间存在可能的相关性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.