促红细胞生成素治疗慢性心力衰竭合并贫血患者的疗效观察

目的探讨促红细胞生成素（EPO）治疗慢性心力衰竭（CHF）合并贫血患者的疗效。方法将192例CHF合并贫血患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在常规抗心力衰竭治疗基础上加用EPO,对照组仅以常规抗心力衰竭治疗。随访6个月,比较二组治疗前后血红蛋白（Hb）水平、心功能分级、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、6min步行距离、心力衰竭再入院率、心源性病死率等指标的变化。结果治疗组治疗前后Hb水平、心功能分级、LVEF值、6min步行距离明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。而对照组治疗前后Hb水平、LVEF值差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）,对照组治疗前后心功能分级、6min步行距离亦有改善,差异有统计学意义（P均〈O．01）。治疗组治疗后Hb水平、LVEF值、心功能分级、6min步行距离显著优于对照组（P〈O．05或P〈0．01）。治疗组再住院率显著低于对照组（20．73％与39．48％,x2=4．012,P〈0．05）,但病死率二组差异无统计学意义（O与4．13oA,x2=2．041,P〉0．05）。结论EPO治疗CHF合并贫血可显著改善患者的心功能指标,显著提高患者运动耐力,降低心力衰竭再住院率。     

无创辅助通气对慢性心力衰竭终末期患者BNP RDW的影响

目的：通过观察无创辅助通气对慢性心力衰竭终末期患者血清脑钠肽（BNP）及红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）、6 min步行试验的影响,探讨在慢性心力衰竭终末期患者应用无创通气的临床意义。方法将符合慢性心力衰竭终末期诊断标准的62例患者,随机分为试验组32例,对照组30例。2组均依据《中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2007》给予慢性心力衰竭常规治疗,试验组在常规治疗基础上加用无创辅助通气。2周后比较2组治疗前后BNP、RDW水平及6 min步行试验。结果治疗后2组患者血清BNP浓度及RDW水平均较治疗前下降,6 min步行试验得分较前提高,且试验组改善更为显著,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论无创辅助通气可以降低慢性心力衰竭终末期患者血清BNP及RDW水平,提高6 min步行试验平均得分,改善心功能,提高其生存质量。     

促红细胞生成素在慢性心功能衰竭治疗中的临床研究

目的探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)在慢性心功能衰竭(CHF)治疗中的效果。方法选择100例慢性心功能衰竭(NYHA分级Ⅱ－Ⅳ)的病人随机分为两组,对照组应用利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂、洋地黄及ACEⅠ类药物治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上皮下注射促红细胞生成素(EPO)75U-100U/kg,每周一次。对两组治疗前后左室射血分数(LVEF)、血清B型尿钠肽(BNP)、6min步行距离等进行比较。结果治疗组的BNP比治疗前及对照组显著减少(P＜0.01及P＜0.05)。治疗组的LVEF、6min步行距离比治疗前及对照组显著增加(P＜0.01及P＜0.05)。结论EPO可改善慢性心功能衰竭的患者的心功能状态,提高运动耐量,降低BNP的浓度。     

6min步行试验评价慢性心力衰竭常规治疗的效果

目的观察6min步行试验（6MWT）评价慢性心力衰竭常规治疗效果。方法 36例慢性心力衰竭患者（NYHA分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级）给予地高辛、利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）及β受体阻滞剂治疗12周前后检测6MWT的步行距离,同时采用心脏超声测定其左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果 36例慢性心力衰竭患者6MWT步行距离随NYHA分级程度的加重而显著降低,且与LVEF呈明显正相关,治疗后6MWT步行距离显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论慢性心力衰竭患者经常规治疗12周后6 min步行距离差异具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,6MWT是一种值得在基层医院推广的评估心功能的客观检测方法。     

贝那普利联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭合并心房颤动患者的效果

目的:观察贝那普利联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭合并心房颤动患者的效果。方法:选取2019年1月至2021年1月该院收治的100例慢性心力衰竭合并心房颤动患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各50例。对照组采用美托洛尔治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上联合贝那普利治疗,比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后心功能指标[左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心率]水平和运动耐力(6 min步行距离),以及不良反应发生率。结果:研究组治疗总有效率为92.00%,高于对照组的74.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组LVEDD、LAD水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,两组LVEF、心率水平均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组6 min步行距离均长于治疗前,且研究组长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭合并心房颤动患者,可提高治疗总有效率和6 min步行距离,改善心功能指标水平,效果优于单纯美托洛尔治疗。     

芪苈强心胶囊辅治慢性肾衰竭合并慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的观察芪苈强心胶囊对慢性肾衰竭合并慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法符合诊断标准的患者100例按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组各50例。2组患者均常规应用利尿、强心等药物及血液透析治疗,研究组在常规治疗基础上加服芪苈强心胶囊。观察治疗前及治疗8周后2组患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)、醛固酮(ALD)表达水平、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、6 min步行距离及肾功能的变化。结果治疗前2组患者血浆BNP、ALD表达水平及LVEDD、LVEF、6 min步行距离、血肌酐、尿素氮、血钾比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组患者治疗8周后血浆BNP、ALD表达水平、血肌酐、尿素氮、血钾均下降(P<0.05),LVEDD、LVEF及6 min步行距离均改善(P<0.05),且研究组比对照组均改善显著(P<0.05)。结论芪苈强心胶囊辅治能明显降低慢性肾衰竭合并慢性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP、ALD及血肌酐、尿素氮、血钾水平,显著改善心肾功能,提高患者生活质量。     

促红细胞生成素对重症心力衰竭伴贫血患者的疗效分析

目的 探讨促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin, EPO)对慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure, CHF)伴贫血患者的心功能及预后的影响。方法本研究纳入78例中、重度心力衰竭(NYHA Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)伴贫血患者,随机分为:对照组(常规抗心力衰竭治疗)和治疗组(加用EPO和铁剂治疗),共治疗2个月,随访观察12个月。比较2组患者治疗前、治疗4个月后血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平、心功能分级、左心室的舒张末期内腔直径(LVDd)、左心室的射血分数(LVEF)、血液的血红蛋白表达(Hb)水平、6min步行距离,记录两组无事件生存时间、主要终点事件、次要终点事件等指标。结果 治疗前,两组患者年龄、性别、血压、肌酐、Hb、BNP、伴随疾病、LVEF及NYHA心功能分级等指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4个月后,对照组BNP水平、Hb水平、心功能分级、6min步行距离差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而LVDd、LVEF差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组BNP水平、心功能分级、LVDd、LVEF、Hb水平、6min步行距离,均有改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者平均无事件生存时间、中位生存时间差异均有统计学意义。1年随访期内的两组患者总体死亡率、心力衰竭死亡率、心肌梗死的发生率、心绞痛发生率及动脉栓塞的发生率方面,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而两组在1年随访期内心力衰竭恶化住院率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 EPO联合铁剂治疗重症CHF伴贫血患者,治疗效果优于单纯常规抗心力衰竭治疗,可有效改善左心室功能,降低心力衰竭恶化入院率。     

脐带间充质干细胞治疗慢性扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭疗效观察

目的评价脐带间充质干细胞(MSCs)治疗慢性扩张型心肌病合并收缩性心力衰竭患者的临床效果。方法选择2013年12月至2014年12月河南省人民医院收治的59例扩张型心肌病合并收缩性心力衰竭患者,将患者分为治疗组(30例)和对照组(29例)。治疗组患者在药物治疗基础上经冠状动脉注入脐带MSCs 20 m L;对照组患者在药物治疗基础上经冠状动脉注入等量生理盐水。治疗后1、6个月观察2组患者心功能变化、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、6 min步行距离、血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)和再次住院率、病死率。结果 2组患者治疗后1、6个月纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级较治疗前均有所改善(P<0.05);治疗后1、6个月治疗组患者NYHA心功能分级均显著优于对照组(χ2=12.64、16.75,P<0.05)。治疗前2组患者LVEDD、LVEF、血清NT-pro BNP和6 min步行距离比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者治疗后1、6个月LVEDD、LVEF、血清NT-pro BNP和6 min步行距离与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后1个月治疗组患者LVEDD与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),LVEF、6 min步行距离较对照组显著增加,血清NT-pro BNP水平较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);治疗后6个月治疗组患者LVEDD、血清NT-pro BNP水平较对照组显著降低,LVEF、6 min步行距离较对照组显著增加(P<0.05)。6个月随访结果显示,对照组患者病死率为24.14%(7/29),治疗组患者病死率为6.67%(2/30),治疗组患者病死率显著低于对照组(χ2=4.99,P<0.05);对照组患者的再次住院率为31.03%(9/29),治疗组患者的再次住院率为16.67%(5/30),2组患者再次住院率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.68,P>0.05)。结论脐带MSCs可改善慢性扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者的心功能和心室重构,降低短期病死率。     

卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效评价

目的:比较卡维地洛和酒石酸美托洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效。方法:随机将112例慢性心力衰竭患者分为治疗组(给予患者卡维地洛治疗)和对照组(给予患者美托洛尔治疗),每组56例。所有患者均接受常规治疗基础上,疗程为6个月,观察两组患者治疗前、后不同的心率、血压、心功能(NYHA分级)及左室射血分数(LVEF)的变化、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)及6 min步行试验。结果:治疗组患者的症状和心功能得到明显改善,总有效率为91.07%;对照组总有效率为75%;两组患者比较,P<0.05;治疗组患者的LVEF、6 min步行试验较治疗前及对照组增加(P<0.05),心率、血压、LVEDD及NT-pro BNP较治疗前及对照组减少(P<0.05),改善明显。结论:美托洛尔与卡维地洛治疗心力衰竭均有效,治疗组患者的疗效明显优于对照组,表明卡维地洛能有效改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能。     

6min步行试验评价短期给氧治疗慢性心力衰竭的价值

目的：比较慢性心力衰竭患者短期给氧前后6min步行试验结果,评价短期给氧的价值和意义.方法：纳入20例心力衰竭患者,比较患者吸入60%氧气30min前后6min步行距离、心率、SaO2和心功能分级的差异.结果：给氧治疗后,6min步行的距离由原来的（324±26）m提高到（378±32）m,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,其中心功能Ⅲ级患者较Ⅱ级患者步行距离改善明显.但心率和SaO2的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论：短期给氧可提高慢性心力衰竭患者6min步行距离,显著改善患者的心功能和活动耐力.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.